英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）课件

IntroductiontoAnimalsIntroductiontoAnimals1CharacteristicsMulticellularOrganizationHeterotrophicSexualreproductionanddevelopmentMovementCharacteristicsMulticellularO2AnimalClassesAnimalClasses3Mammals

Peoplearemammals.Soaredogs,cats,horses,duckbillplatypuses,kangaroos,dolphinsandwhales.Whatdoalltheseanimalshaveincommon,youask?Theansweris–MILK!Ifananimaldrinksmilkwhenitisababyandhashaironitsbody,itbelongstothemammalclassMammalsareoneofthe6mainclassesofanimals.

Animalclassesaregroupsofanimalsthatscientistsconsidertobealikeinsomeimportantways.

Mammalsaretheanimalclassthatpeoplebelongto.

Thereareonlyabout4,000kindsofmammals.Warm-bloodedMammalsPeoplearemammals.4英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）5BirdsBirdsareanimalsthathavefeathersandthatarebornoutofhard-shelledeggs.Somepeoplethinkthatwhatmakesananimalabirdisitswings.Batshavewings.Flieshavewings.Batsandfliesarenotbirds.Sowhatmakesananimalabird?Theanswerisfeathers!Allbirdshavefeathersandbirdsaretheonlyanimalsthatdo.Thefeathersonabird’swingsandtailoverlap.Becausetheyoverlap,thefeatherscatchandholdtheair.Thishelpsthebirdtofly,steeritselfandland.BirdsBirdsareanimalsthatha6英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）7Fish

Fisharevertebratesthatliveinwaterandhavegills,scalesandfinsontheirbody.

Therearealotofdifferentfishandmanyofthemlookveryoddindeed.

Thereareblindfish,fishwithnoseslikeelephants,fishthatshootdownpassingbugswithastreamofwaterandevenfishthatcrawlontolandandhopabout!Fish

Fisharevertebratesthat8ReptilesReptilesareaclassofanimalwithscalyskin.Theyarecoldbloodedandarebornonland.Snakes,lizards,crocodiles,alligatorsandturtlesallbelongtothereptileclass.ReptilesReptilesareaclasso9英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）10Amphibians

Amphibiansareborninthewater.Whentheyareborn,theybreathwithgillslikeafish.Butwhentheygrowup,theydeveloplungsandcanliveonland.Amphibians

Amphibiansareborn11英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）12ArthropodsArthropodsisahugephylumofanimals--itincludeselevenanimalclasses:

Merostomata,

Pycnogonida,Arachnida,Remipedia,Cephalocarida,Branchiopoda,Maxillopoda,Malacostraca,Chilopoda,Diplopoda,andInsecta.Anyanimalsthathavemorethanfour,jointedlegsarearthropods.Insects,spidersandcrustaceansallbelongtothisclassofanimals.ArthropodsArthropodsisahuge13英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）14ZoologistArachnologistCarcinologistConchologistEntomologistHerptologistIchthyologistMalacologistMammalogistOrnithologistPaleozoologistMarinebiologistbotanistZoologist15MulticellularOrganizationMostanimalscontainlargenumbersofcells.Humanscontain50trillioncells.Inmostanimals,thereisadivisionoflabor.Specializationistheadaptationofacellforaparticularfunction.Tissuesaretheorganizationofcells.Cellareabletoorganizebythejoiningofcellsbycelljunctions.Cellspecializationhasallowedorganismstoevolveandadapttomanyenvironments.MulticellularOrganizationMost16AnimalsareHeterotrophicTheymustobtaincomplexorganicmaterialfromothersources.Mostaccomplishthisthroughingestion.Digestionisaccomplishedwithintheanimal.Thisprocessextractsthecarbohydrates,proteinandlipidsfromthefoodeaten.AnimalsareHeterotrophicThey17SexualReproductionandDevelopmentSexualreproductionrestoresthediploidnumberandincreasesgeneticvariation.Duringthedevelopmentalprocess,thezygoteundergoesmanymitoticdivisions.Theseidenticalcellsmustundergodifferentiation.Differentiationisprocessofcellbecomingdifferentfromeachotherandbeingspecialized.SexualReproductionandDevelo18MovementMostanimalareabletomove.Theabilitytomoveresultsfromtheinterrelationsoftwotypesoftissuesfoundonlyinanimals:nervoustissueandmusculartissue.Thereareafewanimalsthataresessile.MovementMostanimalareablet19OriginandClassificationThefirstanimalsprobablyarosefromthesea.Taxonomistshavegroupedanimalsintoseveralphylabasedonevolutionaryrelationships.Manytaxonomistrecognize30ormoreanimalphyla.Wewillinvestigate11phyla.TenofthephylaincludeinvertebratesandonlyChordataincludesthevertebrates.OriginandClassificationThef20AnimalBodyStructureSymmetryGermlayersBodyCavitiesAnimalBodyStructureSymmetry21SymmetryAsymmetryreferstotheconsistentoverallpatternofstructureofananimal.Animalshavethreepatternsofsymmetry.Asymmetry–nosymmetryRadialSymmetry–similarpartsbranchinalldirectionsfromacentralpointBilateralSymmetry-similarhalvesoneithersideofacentralplane.SymmetryAsymmetryreferstoth22PatternsofSymmetryPatternsofSymmetry23IdentifytheTypeofSymmetryIdentifytheTypeofSymmetry24Mostanimalshaveadorsal,ventral,anteriorandposteriorsideororientation.Dorsal–topVentral–bottomAnterior–headPosterior-tailMostanimalsexhibitcephalization,theconcentrationofsensoryandbrainstructuresintheanterior.Animalswithcephalizationhaveahead!Mostanimalshaveadorsal,ve25GermLayersGermlayersarefundamentaltissuetypesfoundinallanimalsexceptsponges(notruetissues).EctodermMesodermEndodermGermLayersGermlayersarefun26BodyCavitiesMostanimalshaveafluidfilledspacethatformsbetweenthedigestivetractandtheouterwallofthebodyduringdevelopment.ThisspaceisknownasaCOELOM.BodyCavitiesMostanimalshave27Acoelomate(withoutacoelom)2germlayersectodermandendodermnotseparatedbyacavityleastcomplexbodyplanspongesandcnidarians3layeracoelomate3germlayersendoderm,mesodermandectodermnotseparatedbyacavityflatwormsPseudocoelomatepseudocoelomcavityformedbetweenmesodermandendodermroundwormsandrotifersCoelomatecavitydevelopedwithinthemesodermmostcomplexbodyplanmollusks,annelids,arthropods,echinoderms,andchordates

Acoelomate(withoutacoelom)28AnimalDiversityInvertebrates10phyla95%ofanimalsChordatesNotochordDorsalnervecordPharyngealpouchesPostanaltailVertebratesIncludefishes,birdsandmammalsKingdomAnimaliaInvertebratesChordatesVertebratesAnimalDiversityInvertebratesK29Whatisthedifferenceinavertebrateandaninvertebrate?Avertebrateisananimalwithabackboneandinvertebratesdonothaveabackbone.

Whatisthedifferenceinave30ComparisonofInvertebratesandVertebratesInvertebrateVertebratesymmetrygermlayersBodycavitiesSegmentationsupportRespiratory/circulatoryDigestive/excretoryNervousreproductionComparisonofInvertebratesan31英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）32IntroductiontoAnimalsIntroductiontoAnimals33CharacteristicsMulticellularOrganizationHeterotrophicSexualreproductionanddevelopmentMovementCharacteristicsMulticellularO34AnimalClassesAnimalClasses35Mammals

Peoplearemammals.Soaredogs,cats,horses,duckbillplatypuses,kangaroos,dolphinsandwhales.Whatdoalltheseanimalshaveincommon,youask?Theansweris–MILK!Ifananimaldrinksmilkwhenitisababyandhashaironitsbody,itbelongstothemammalclassMammalsareoneofthe6mainclassesofanimals.

Animalclassesaregroupsofanimalsthatscientistsconsidertobealikeinsomeimportantways.

Mammalsaretheanimalclassthatpeoplebelongto.

Thereareonlyabout4,000kindsofmammals.Warm-bloodedMammalsPeoplearemammals.36英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）37BirdsBirdsareanimalsthathavefeathersandthatarebornoutofhard-shelledeggs.Somepeoplethinkthatwhatmakesananimalabirdisitswings.Batshavewings.Flieshavewings.Batsandfliesarenotbirds.Sowhatmakesananimalabird?Theanswerisfeathers!Allbirdshavefeathersandbirdsaretheonlyanimalsthatdo.Thefeathersonabird’swingsandtailoverlap.Becausetheyoverlap,thefeatherscatchandholdtheair.Thishelpsthebirdtofly,steeritselfandland.BirdsBirdsareanimalsthatha38英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）39Fish

Fisharevertebratesthatliveinwaterandhavegills,scalesandfinsontheirbody.

Therearealotofdifferentfishandmanyofthemlookveryoddindeed.

Thereareblindfish,fishwithnoseslikeelephants,fishthatshootdownpassingbugswithastreamofwaterandevenfishthatcrawlontolandandhopabout!Fish

Fisharevertebratesthat40ReptilesReptilesareaclassofanimalwithscalyskin.Theyarecoldbloodedandarebornonland.Snakes,lizards,crocodiles,alligatorsandturtlesallbelongtothereptileclass.ReptilesReptilesareaclasso41英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）42Amphibians

Amphibiansareborninthewater.Whentheyareborn,theybreathwithgillslikeafish.Butwhentheygrowup,theydeveloplungsandcanliveonland.Amphibians

Amphibiansareborn43英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）44ArthropodsArthropodsisahugephylumofanimals--itincludeselevenanimalclasses:

Merostomata,

Pycnogonida,Arachnida,Remipedia,Cephalocarida,Branchiopoda,Maxillopoda,Malacostraca,Chilopoda,Diplopoda,andInsecta.Anyanimalsthathavemorethanfour,jointedlegsarearthropods.Insects,spidersandcrustaceansallbelongtothisclassofanimals.ArthropodsArthropodsisahuge45英语（英文）版动物世界（动物介绍）46ZoologistArachnologistCarcinologistConchologistEntomologistHerptologistIchthyologistMalacologistMammalogistOrnithologistPaleozoologistMarinebiologistbotanistZoologist47MulticellularOrganizationMostanimalscontainlargenumbersofcells.Humanscontain50trillioncells.Inmostanimals,thereisadivisionoflabor.Specializationistheadaptationofacellforaparticularfunction.Tissuesaretheorganizationofcells.Cellareabletoorganizebythejoiningofcellsbycelljunctions.Cellspecializationhasallowedorganismstoevolveandadapttomanyenvironments.MulticellularOrganizationMost48AnimalsareHeterotrophicTheymustobtaincomplexorganicmaterialfromothersources.Mostaccomplishthisthroughingestion.Digestionisaccomplishedwithintheanimal.Thisprocessextractsthecarbohydrates,proteinandlipidsfromthefoodeaten.AnimalsareHeterotrophicThey49SexualReproductionandDevelopmentSexualreproductionrestoresthediploidnumberandincreasesgeneticvariation.Duringthedevelopmentalprocess,thezygoteundergoesmanymitoticdivisions.Theseidenticalcellsmustundergodifferentiation.Differentiationisprocessofcellbecomingdifferentfromeachotherandbeingspecialized.SexualReproductionandDevelo50MovementMostanimalareabletomove.Theabilitytomoveresultsfromtheinterrelationsoftwotypesoftissuesfoundonlyinanimals:nervoustissueandmusculartissue.Thereareafewanimalsthataresessile.MovementMostanimalareablet51OriginandClassificationThefirstanimalsprobablyarosefromthesea.Taxonomistshavegroupedanimalsintoseveralphylabasedonevolutionaryrelationships.Manytaxonomistrecognize30ormoreanimalphyla.Wewillinvestigate11phyla.TenofthephylaincludeinvertebratesandonlyChordataincludesthevertebrates.OriginandClassificationThef52AnimalBodyStructureSymmetryGermlayersBodyCavitiesAnimalBodyStructureSymmetry53SymmetryAsymmetryreferstotheconsistentoverallpatternofstructureofananimal.Animalshavethreepatternsofsymmetry.Asymmetry–nosymmetryRadialSymmetry–similarpartsbranchinalldirectionsfromacentralpointBilateralSymmetry-similarhalvesoneithersideofacentralplane.SymmetryAsymmetryreferstoth54PatternsofSymmetryPatternsofSymmetry55IdentifytheTypeofSymmetryIdentifytheTypeofSymmetry56Mostanimalshaveadorsal,ventral,anteriorandposteriorsideororientation.Dorsal–topVentral–bottomAnterior–headPosterior-tailMostanimalsexhibitcephalization,theconcentrationofsensoryandbrainstructuresintheanterior.Animalswithcephalizationhaveahead!Mostanimalshaveadorsal,ve57GermLayersGermlayersarefundamentaltissuetypesfoundinallanimalsexceptsponges(notruetissues).EctodermMesodermEndodermGermLayersGermlayersarefun58BodyCavitiesM