中考英语常见题型及解题技巧 d 补全对话

补全对话又称为情景对话。主要是考查学生的口语能力和对英语的应对习惯。下面我从以下几个方面谈谈它的命题趋势和解题技巧。一、补全对话常见的题型有1.填单词补全对话2.写句子补全对话3.选句子补全对话4.选单词补全对话5.对话排序。本市以前多采用第

3

种“选择式”的客观题型。但近几年多采用第一，二种“非选择式”的主观题型，来考查学生灵活运用英语语言的能力。因此本文着重介绍这类题型的具体做法。二、补全对话的解题要求1.熟读背诵考生应熟读背诵初中英语教材中出现过的日常交际用语如问候、介绍、问路、看病、购物、就餐、祝愿、打电话、谈天气等情境中的固定句式和习惯表达方式。只有这样做题时才能得心应手。2.掌握各交际项目的习惯用法。平时牢固掌握初中英语教材中出现的30

个交流项目以及它们各自特定的习惯表达方式和惯用句型，答题时就能迅速地回忆起与对话内容有关的日常交际用语及习惯表达法，并且灵活地进行运用，才能保证所使用的语言符合英语在情景交流中的表达习惯。3.答题时要面向整体内容，切忌片面理解。答题时，跳过空行，快速把全篇对话通读一篇，了解对话的整体结构，把握对话的内容及语境。语境决定了语言的表达方式、双方说话人的态度以及表达的内容。如在餐馆、图书馆、车站、商店等不同的地点，都有各自的语言表达方式。因而，在做题时，应在理

解全篇对话内容的基础上，准确地把握语言环境，把自己“置身”于语境之中，理解双方谈话的意图。4.抓好关键词，进行推断，使填词后组成的句子结构完整、合理。考查的形式是补全对上句问题的回答或者是补全对下句所要回答问题的提问。因此一定要注意前后照应，关注上下文之间的密切关系。做题时，可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，通过下句的信息推断上句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含义。如在打电话时，上句问“Who’sthatspeaking?”

那么下句所选的就应是“Thisis…”

。如在餐馆，下句的内容是“Abottleofbeer,please.”那么上句就应该是“WhatcanIdofor

you?”或“Can

helpyou?”

这样前后对照，才能使上下文相适应。5.注意对话的表达要符合英美人的风俗习惯。不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯、生活习惯等等。在语言交际中也有各种不同的差异。在交际语言的选用中，由于受到各自的文化背景的影响，表达的方式也就不同。因而，在补全对话过程中，所选的句子要符合英美人的习惯。凡有像“Have

you

eaten?”；“Whatdo

you

want

to

buy?”

这类句子在对话中都应避免使用。6.正确书写，从容答题。答题时应注意单词的正确拼写及大小写的正确运用，书写应工整、规范。三、补全对话答题步骤：（1）通览全文、领会大意、揣摩话题。解题时应先跳过空格通览全文，了解对话大意，根据对大意的把握，判定语境，揣摩话题。（2）根据语境、填写单词或句子。在把握话题和语境的基础上，针对对话的每一空白处，细读所提供的前后文，认真分析它们之间的异同，依据对话有关情景内容，填写相应的单词或者句子。（3）通盘考虑、前后联想、先易后难。要从对话整体理解出发，依照上、下问答的逻辑顺序来考虑所选择的答案，不可不顾前后顺序，孤立地就上句就补下句，这样可能出现所补句子符合上文而不符合下文的情况。要先解决有把握的、容易的，再回头补选较难的。

（4）通读对话、义形结合、验证答案。将对话补全之后，再将整段对话通读一遍，逐一验证答案。所填的答案不仅语义上要符合语境，而且要保证语言正确，做到说话得体。四、注意事项（1）所补全的对话内容必须能使上、下文连贯一致，因而必须瞻前顾后、全盘考虑，不能仅看上一个问句就填写下一个答句，或仅根据下文中的答句就补全它的问句，否则容易造成逻辑错误。（2）做题前应注意试题前面有否中文或英语的背景提示。这些背景提示是确是话题内容的重要依据，不可疏忽带过。（3）如果是选择题，则在选择过程中考生应注意把已选出的选项划去，避免重复选择的错误。（4）做题时要先易后难，一时难以确定不要勉强先做，否则易造成连锁错误。例题分析：（一）请仔细阅读下列对话，根据上下文内容，完成该对话。A:

Hello!

1.____________________

?B:

Sorry,

2._____________________.ThisisAllan’s

mother

speaking.3._________?A:

This

is

Mary.

Good

evening,

Mrs.

Black.B:

Good

evening,

Mary.

4.____________________?A:

Yes,

of

course.

Please

Allan

that

all

the

dictionaries

are

sold

out.

ButI

canlend

her

one.B:

OK.A:

Thanks

a

lot.

Good-bye!B:

5._____________.

答案解析：1.根据下文我们知道这是一个电话用语的对话，所以我们就填出了相应答案MayIspeaktoAllan。2.根据后文“ThisisAllan’smotherspeaking.”我们填出：Sheisn’tin / Sheisn’tat

home.3.根据“This

is

Mary”，我们填出：Who’s

that4.根据“Yes,ofcourse.PleasetellAllanthatallthedictionariesaresoldout.But

canlend

her

one”我们填出：Can

take

a

message

for

you5.

Goodbye（二）根据对话内容，从下面备选框中选择相应选项填入对话中，使对话完成，流畅。A:

Excuse

me,

sir?

Where

is

the

nearest

hotel?B:

1.

___________________.

You

may

ask

that

policeman

over

there.A:

Thank

you

all

the

same.(The

man

goes

to

the

policeman.)A:

Excuse

me, 2._____________________?C:

No,

there

isn’t

a

hotel

near

here,

but

there

is

one

near

the

Bank

of

China.A:

3.____________________?C:

It’s

about

two

kilometers

away.A:

4.

_____________________?C:You’dbettertakeataxi,becauseit’ssolateandtherearen’tanybusesnow.A:

5._____________________.C:

You’re

welcome.

备选答案：A:I’m

sorry

don’t

knowB:

Is

there

a

hotel

near

hereC:

How

far

is

D:

How

can

get

thereE:

Thank

you答案解析：A.根据后文“You

may

ask

that

policeman

over

there”得知，说话者也不知道哪里有旅馆。B.根据后文的回答，得知前面问的是附近哪里有旅馆。C.根据后文回答的距离而知，前面问的是有多远。D.根据后文得知，前面问的是去旅馆的方式。E.根据“You’re

welcome.”而知，前面在表达感谢。实战练习（1）A:

Hello.

Could

speak

to

John?B:

1.___________________.A:

Oh!

Hi,

John.

This

is

Cindy.

We

met

at

party.B:

How

are

you,

Cindy?A:

Great.

Would

you

like

to

see

Titanic

on

Thursday

night?B:

2.

___________,

Cindy,

have

to

work

late

this

Thursday.

A:

That’s

too

bad.

3.___________________?B:

I’m

free

on

Saturday

nightA:

OK.

How

about

meeting

at

about

seven?B:

No

problem.

4.__________________?A:

At

the

Garden

Cinema.

5.

____________.B:

See

you

then.1.

This

is

John2.

I’m

sorry3.

Are

you

free

on

Saturday

night4.

Where

shall

we

meet5.

See

you

then(2)A:

Hello!

May

speak

to

Lily?B:

1._____________________.C:

Hello!

2.____________________.A:

Hi,

Lily.

This

is

Ann.

Would

you

like

to

go

to

the

park

with

me

tonight?C:Great!

3.____________________?A:

At

the

gate

of

our

school.C:

4._____________________?A:

How

about

six

o’clock.C:

OK!

5.___________________?A:

See

you

then.

1.

Hold

on

please2.

This

is

Lily3.

Where

shall

we

meet4.

When

shall

we

meet5.

See

you

then(3)Fred:

Hello!

May

speak

to

Alice,

please?Kate:

1._______________.Alice,

it’s

for

you.Alice:

Hello.Fred:Hi,Alice.2.____________.Wouldyouliketogotomyuncle’sfarmtomorrow?Alice:

3.__________________.Fred:

Good.

pick

you

up

at

about

seven

o’clock.Alice:

Fine.

be

ready.Fred:

Great!

I’m

sure

we’llhave

a

good

time

on

the

farm.Alice:

4.______________.

See

you

tomorrow.Fred:

5.________________.1.

Hold

on,

please2.

This

is

Fred3.

Yes

,I’d

love

to

.4.

think

so5.

See

you

tomorrow（4）

A:

Excuse

me.

1._________________________?B:

Sorry,

I’m

new

here.

You

can

ask

my

friend.

He

may

C:

The

Children’s

Hospital?

Er…

It’s

a

far

from

here.A:

2.

___________________________?C:

It’s

about

5

kilometres

away.A:

3.

___________________________?C:

Yes,

the

No.

15

bus

will

take

you

there.A:

Where

is

the

bus

stop?C:

4.

_________________________

and

take

the

first

turning

on

the

right.

Youcansee

on

your

left.

You

can’t

miss

it.A:

5.

___________________________.C:

You

are

welcome.1.

Which

is

the

way

to

the

Children’s

Hospital2.

How

far

is

3.

Can

take

a

bus4.

Go

along

this

road5.

Thank

you(5)(At

Mr.

White’s

office

in

a

middle

school)A:

Hello!

1.

_______________________?B:

Speaking,

please.A:

I’m

Peter’s

mother.

I’d

like

to

ask

for

leave

for

my

son.

B:

2.

________________________?A:

He

didn’t

feel

well

this

morning.He

has

a

cold.B:

3.

________________________.

Is

serious?A:

Not

very

serious.

But

the

doctor

asked

him

to

stay

in

bed

and

have

a

goodrest.B:

Don’t

worry.

4.

_________________________.A:

Thank

you,

sir.

GoodbyeB:

Bye!1.

Can

speak

to

Mr.

White2.What’s

wrong

with

him3.

I’m

sorry

to

hear

that4.

hope

he

will

be

all

right

soon(6)A:

Good

morning,

sir. 1.

__________________?B:

I’d

like

to

buy

a

white

shirt.

Do

you

have

any

white

shirts?A:

Yes. 2.

____________________?B:

want

Size

M.A:

Here

you

are.B:

Can

try

on?A:

Sure.

Is

all

right?B:

Yes.

like

very

much. 3.

___________________?A:

296

yuan.

B:

That’s

a

bit

expensive.

Do

you

have

any

other

kind?

want

a

cheaper

one.A:What

about

this

one?

is

only

108

yuan.B:

OK.

4.

___________________.

Here

is

the

money.A:

5.

___________________.Goodbye,

sir.1.

Can

help

you2.

What

size

do

you

want3.

How

much

is

4.

take

5.

Here

you

are（7）Doctor:

Good

morning

.

What’s

your

trouble?Woman:

don’t

feel

very

well.D:1._______________________________?W:

Yes,

have.

My

temperature

is

a

higher.D:

Open

you