商务英语的语言特点

商务英语的语言特点语言特点一：要避免使用you-attitude,注意语言表达的态度和语气。例:Accordingtoourrecords,itseemsthatyouhaveforgottentofilethepersonaldata.改为:Accordingtoourrecords,Ididn'tfindtherequiredpersonaldata.语言特点二:语言表达准确,简洁，商务英语要表达准确,思路清晰,逻辑性强,用具体的语言把信息传递给对方。用词明白易懂,正式规范,简短达意。翻译技巧:使用约定俗成的术语,用来指贸易中的概念,例:FOB(freeonboard-离岸价格）,CFR（costandfreight—成本.保险加运费）避免使用冗长的表达。例:Allapplicantswhoareinterestedinthejobareobligatedtoprovidethenamesofthreereferenceswhomwecanwritetoforevaluationofyourjobperformance.改为:Allapplicantsaresupposedtoprovidethreereferencesforevaluationofyourjobperformance.语言特点三:专业性强。商务英语大量使用专业术语。因此要充分理解商务英语的意义和内涵,必须有商务理论和商务实务等方面的知识。翻译技巧:掌握专业术语,并注意术语在具体语境中的运用，例一:Thesellershouldpresentthefollowingdocumentsrequiredfornegotiationtothebanks.句中和的negotiation应译为“议付”,而不是常用意思“谈判”。例二:quotationandoffer为报盘和发盘;商业发票为commercialinvoice;汇票为billofexchange等。语言特点四:存在文化差异。商务英语是一种交际语言,只有当说话者对谈话的背景有着共同的认识和理解时,口语交际的目的才能实现。因此要掌握一定的异国文化背景,使来自不同文化的人能够很快融洽。翻译技巧:例一:大白兔在我们看来是亲切可爱的,但在澳大利亚大量野兔破坏草原与牛羊争食,影响畜牧业的发展,不受人们欢迎。因而如果把大白兔译为“WhiteRabbit”并把奶糖销往澳大利亚,销量会不如人意。例二:中国人把“龙”看成是民族的图腾,但是在英语里Dragon是邪恶的象征,而tiger被认为是“勇猛,富有进取精神”的象征,因此,奖‘亚洲四小龙'翻译成FourAsianTigers就更能确切的表达原意。汉译英注意事项：1)根据你方要求可译为:inaccordancewithyourrequest或asperyourrequirement但不宜译为:accordingtoyourdemand.前两种译法是对的,但显得有些公事公办容易产生距离感,因此不如译为:asyouasked/asrequired/asrequested达意即可.(2)我方可保证收到订单后两周内交货.解析:如果"交货"定义很明确,而且与客户的贸易条款已商量妥当,可译为:Weguaranteetodeliverthegoodswithinfourteendaysofreceiptofyourorder.但如果"交货"定义不明,贸易条款尚未商量妥当时,建议不要落实译为deliverthegoods,可以采用effectshipment为好,为了淡化或者中和汉语原文中的"可保证",而不把话说死,以免被动,可译为:Wewouldtrytoeffectshipmentinfourteendaysofthereceiptofyourorder.因此,在商贸英语中,汉英表达不必要求句法与词上的一一对应,关键是把事情说清楚,更有效地为促成贸易而服务.3无论汉语原文是专业色彩较浓的,还是相对口语化的,用于信函往来的译文都可以使用一般化的句型和词汇,只要说清楚事情就行,不必追求风格上的一致.例：如果你方的价格做得开的话,我们相信能成大生意.a.Ifyourpricesareinline,wetrustimportantbusinesscanmaterialize.b,Ifyourpricesareattractive,webelievewecanmakebigbusiness.4）很高兴收到你方8月25日询价,根据你方要求,今寄上有插图的目录和明细价目单.处理为一大一小两个简单句WewereverypleasedtoreceiveyourinquiryofAugust25andencloseourillustratedcatalogueandthedetailedprice-listasyouasked.处理为两个句子.第一句告知来信收到表示感谢,WeareverypleasedtoreceiveyourinquiryofAugust25.WewereverypleasedtohavereceivedyourinquiryofAugust25.第二句根据特定要求采取寄上目录和价单的行动.（汉语原文中省略了主语,英译文中必须有主语,译文的主语可以是"我"或"我们"或"我公司",这样译文可以是以下的任何一个或其他变体:Iampleasedtoencloseourillustratedcatalogueandtheprice-listforyourreference.Wearepleasedtoencloseourillustratedcatalogueandtheprice-listforyourreference.C,译文主语为”目录".以物为主语在英语中远比汉语中用的多.Theillustratedcatalogueandthedetailedprice-listyouaskedforhavebeenenclosed.5汉语是一种流水句,分句间可以由逗号相连;但英语讲究形式上的相互照应,不同语法功能的从句必须反映在句型和关联词上.这是汉译英中比较重大的一条.也就是说,汉语可以用四个逗号隔出五个分句,但英语不可以,而是要用关联词,从字面形式上体现出其内在关系.例：我们希望指出,这里市场竞争激烈,要想成功地销售出去,你方报价须具有吸引力,否则将有困难1)Wewouldliketopointoutthatbecauseoftheharsh/fiercecompetitioninourmarketyourquotationmustbeattractivetothebuyersatourendbeforewecouldsellsuccessfullyyourproductshere。如果五个句子综合考虑,可以变换角度译为:Wewouldliketopointoutthatyourquotationhastobeattractivetothebuyershere,otherwiseitwouldbedifficultforustosellyourproductsinthiscompetitivemarket.经贸英语实用版aminimumlivingstandardsystem最低生活保障系统Account帐户Accountingequatic会计等式Accountingsystem会计系统AllRisks—切险AmericanAccountingAssociatior美国会计协会AmericanInstitutoefCPAs美国注册会计师协会Articulatic勾稽关系Assets资产Audit审计badaccount坏帐Balanceshee资产负债表bearmarket熊市blankendorse空白背书Bookkeepking簿记bullmarket牛市Businessentity企业个体Capitalstock股本cargoreceipt承运货物收据Cashflowprospects现金流量预测catalogue商品目录CertificateinInternalAuditing内部审计证书CertificateinManagementAccounting管理会计证书CertificatePublicAccountant注册会计师ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission中国证监会China's"BigFour"commercialbanks中国四大商业银行close-endedfund封闭式基金commission佣金consignee收货人Corporation公司Costaccounting成本会计costandfreightCFR成本加运费价格costinsuranceandfreightCIF成本加运保费Costprinciple成本原则Creditor债权人cutamelon分红deadaccount呆帐Deflation通货紧缩delivery交货Disclosure批露dividend，bonusstock股息，红利downturn低迷时期endorsed背书enforcestockholdingsystem实行股份制Expenses费用exportdepartment出口部Externalusers外部使用者F.P.A.(FreefromParticularAverage)平安险F.W.R.D.(FreshWaterRainDamage)淡水雨淋险facevalue面值fees－for－taxreform费改税Financialaccounting财务会计FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard财务会计准则委员会Financialactivities筹资活动Financialforecast财务预测Financialstatement财务报表foreignexchangereservers外汇储备futuresmarket期货市场Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples公认会计原则General-purposeinFORMation通用目的信息genetically－modifiedproducts基因改良产品Going-concernassumption持续经营假设GovernmentAccountingOfficegovern会计办公室HookDamage钩损险importdepartment进口部Incomestatement损益表incometax所得税indicativeprice参考价格Inflation通货膨涨Inquiry询盘InstituteofInternalAuditors内部审计师协会InstituteofManagementAccountants管理会计师协会Integrity整合性Internalauditing内部审计Internalcontrolstructure内部控制结构InternalRevenueService国内收入署Internalusers内部使用者Investingactivities投资活动knowledge-basedeconomy知识经济labour-intensiveeconomy劳动密集型经济Liabilities负债（M0）moneyincirculation流通中的现金（M1）narrowmoney狭义货币（M2）broadmoney广义货币Managementaccounting管理会计marinebillsoflading海运提单nationalbonds国债nationalize；nationalization国有化Negativecashflow负现金流量non-perFORMingloan不良贷款non-workincome非劳动收入notify被通知人open-endedfund开放式基金Operatingactivities经营活动order订货outstandingofdeposits存款余额Owner'sequity所有者权益partialshipment分批装运Partnership合伙企业Positivecashflow正现金流量pressconference记者招待会pricelist价目表privatize；privatization私有化proactivefiscalmeasures积极的财政政策promoteindependentdecision－makingbystate－ownedenterprises提高企业自主权publicrelationsdepartment公关部publiclyownedeconomy公有经济recession衰退时期rectifythemarketorder整顿市场秩序reducestate'sstakeinlistedcompanies国有股减持restraintoftrade贸易管制Retainedearning留存利润Returnofinvestment投资回报Returnoninvestment投资报酬Revenue收入RiskofIntermixtureandContamination混杂、玷污险RiskofLeakage渗漏险Riskofodor串味险RiskofRust锈蚀险salestermsandconditions销售条件SecuritiesandExchangeCommission证券交易委员会shareholdingsystem;joint-stocksystem股份制shippingorder托运单ShortageRisk短缺险Soleproprietorship独资企业Solvency清偿能力specification规格Stable-dollarassumption稳定货币假设statestockreduction国有股减持Statementofcashflow现金流量表Statementoffinancialposition财务状况表steadymonetarypolicies稳健的货币政策Stockholders股东Stockholders'equity股东权益streghtenthegovernment'smacro-regulatoryfunctions加强govern宏观调控作用StrikesRisk罢工险T.P.N.D.(Theft,Pilferage&Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险Taxaccounting税务会计technology-intensiveeconomy技术密集型经济theDowJonesindustrialaverage道琼斯工业平均指数thefirstmajorityshareholder第一大股东theHangSengindex恒生指数thintrade交易薄弱tobecomethemajorityshareholder/totakeacontrollingstake控股toexpanddomesticdemand扩大内需value-addedtax增值税W.A./W.P.A(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)水渍险WarRisk战争险Windowdressing门面粉饰year-on-year与去年同期数字相比的股息，红利dividendorbonusstock国民生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)人均国民生产总值percapitaGNP产值outputvalue鼓励giveincentiveto投入input宏观控制exercisemacro-control优化经济结构optimizetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境improveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-publicsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangible全体会议plenarysession解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductiveforces引入歧途leadonetoablindalley举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入importation和平演变peacefulevolution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem搞活企业invigorateenterprises商品经济commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electricenergyproduction有色金属nonferrousmetals人均收入percapitaincome使负担besaddledwith营业发达的公司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamplesurvey扣除物价上涨部分priceincreasearededucted(excluded)实际增长率actualgrowthrate国际收支internationalbalanceofpayments流通制度circulationsystem总工资totalwages分配形式FORMsofdistribution风险资金riskfunds管理不善poormanagement一个中心、两个基本点onecentraltaskandtwobasicpoints各尽所能，按劳/需分配。fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohiswork/needs.经济结构改革。reFORMineconomicstructure剩余劳动力。surpluslabor经营机制operativemechanism发挥市场的调节作用togiveplaytotheregulatoryroleofthemarket经济和law的杠杆economicandlegalleverages经济计划和市场调节相结合tocombineeconomicplanningwithmarketregulation计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制amechanismthatcombinesplannedeconomyandmarketregulation取消国家对农产品的统购统销tocancelthestate'smonopolyonthepurchaseandmarketingofagriculturalproducts改革重点转移到城市thefocusofreFORMisshiftedtothecities国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设Thebasictaskofthenationistoconcentrateitseffortsonsocialistmodernization.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。tomodernizethecountry'sindustry,agriculture,nationaldefenceandscienceandtechnologystepbysteptoturnChinaintoastrongandprosperoussocialistcountrywithahighlevelofcultureanddemocracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。Thebasisofthesocialisteconomicsystemissocialistpublicownershipofthemeansofproduction,namely,ownershipbythewholepeopleandcollectiveownershipbytheworkingpeople.国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。Thestateeconomyisthesectorofsocialisteconomyunderownershipbythewholepeople;itistheleadingforceinthenationaleconomy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。Thestateensurestheconsolidationandgrowthofthestateeconomy.农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animalhusbandry副业sidelineproduction渔业fishing第一产业primaryindustry第二产业secondaryindustry第三产业tertiaryindustry生产资料meansofproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood/subsistence生产关系relationsofproduction生产力productiveforces公有制publicownership私有制privateownership全民所有制ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople社会主义集体所有制socialistcollectiveownership厉行节约，反对浪费topracticestricteconomyandcombatwaste外资企业foreign-fundedenterprise合资企业jointventure合作企业cooperativeenterprise独资企业whollyforeignowned/fundedenterprise世界贸易组织WorldTradeOrganization中国人民银行People'sBankofChina信息产业部MinistryofInFORMationIndustry国家发展计划委员会StateDevelopmentPlanningCommission贷款无力偿还loandefaults一、对外贸易与外贸关系ForeignTrade&ForeignTradeRelationship（一）TheymainlytradewithJapanesefirms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。Forthepastfiveyears,wehavedonealotoftradewithyourcompany.在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了大量的贸易。Ourtradeisconductedonthebasisofequality.我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。Therehasbeenaslowdowninthewooltradewithyou.和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。Ourforeigntradeiscontinuouslyexpanding.我们的对外贸易不断发展。Tradeinleatherhasgoneup(down)3%.皮革贸易上升(下降)了百分之Tradeingeneralisimproving.贸易情况正在好转。Ourcompanymainlytradesinartsandcrafts.我们公司主要经营手工艺品。Theyarewell-knownintradecircles.他们在贸易界很有名望。Wetradewithpeopleinallcountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。TorespectthelocalcustomofthebuyingcountryisoneimportantaspectofChina'sforeignpolicy.尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。Ourpurposeistoexplorethepossibilitiesofdevelopingtradewithyou.我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。WordsandPhrasesforeigntrade对外贸易overseastrade海外贸易internationaltrade国际贸易totradewith和...进行贸易todobusinessinamoderateway做生意稳重todobusinessinasincereway做生意诚恳tomakeadeal做一笔交易deal交易，经营，处理，与...交往todealin经营，做生意toexplorethepossibilitiesof探讨...的可能性tradecircles贸易界tohandle经营某商品totradein经营某商品businessscope/frame经营范围tradingfirm/house贸易行，商行（二）Canwedoabartertrade?咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？Isitstilladirectbartertrade?这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗？Ifyouagreetoourproposalofabartertrade,we'llgiveyoupaperinexchangeforyourtimber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。Shallwesignatriangletradeagreement?我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗？Atriangletradecanbecarriedoutamongthethreeofus.我们三方可进行三角贸易。Compensationtradeis,infact,akindofloan•补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。Wemayagreetodoprocessingtradewithyou.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。Ifyou'reinterestedinleasingtrade,pleaseletusknow.如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。Wewonderwhetheryoudocountertrade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。WordsandPhrasestradebycommodities商品贸易visibletrade有形贸易invisibletrade无形贸易bartertrade易货贸易bilateraltrade双边贸易triangletrade三角贸易multilateraltrade多边贸易countertrade对销贸易；抵偿贸易counterpurchase互购贸易buy-back回购贸易compensationtrade补偿贸易processingtrade来料加工贸易assemblingtrade来料装配贸易leasingtrade租赁贸易inexchangefor用...交换...tradeagreement贸易协议（三）WewanttodevelopdirectcontactwithContinentalbuyersforourselves.我们想为自己的公司同欧洲大陆的买主建立起直接的联系。WeseethatyourfirmspecializesinLightIndustrialGoods,andwearewillingtoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyou.得知贵公司专门经营轻工业品，我们愿意与贵公司建立业务关系。WeareoneofthelargestimportersofElectricGoodsinthiscity,andwewishtoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyou.我们是此地最大的电器进口商之一，愿意与你们建立业务关系。Wearewillingtoenterintobusinessrelationshipwithyourcompanyonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.我们愿在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。Ourtwocountrieshavehadtraderelationsfortenyears.我们两国之间已经有了10年的贸易关系。We'veneverhadanydifficultieswithourChinesepartners,andwe'dliketomakeasmanynewcontactsaswecan.和中国同行共事从来没有什么困难，希望今后我们之间尽可能多地建立新的关系。WehavemadeaverygoodstartinourbusinesswithJapan.我们和日本在业务上有了良好的开端。OurcompanyisthinkingofexpandingitsbusinessrelationshipwithChina.我公司想扩大与中国的贸易关系。Asisknown,wesetgreatstorebythetraderelationshipwiththethirdworldcountries.众所周知，我们十分重视同第三世界国家的贸易关系。Welookforwardtoreactivatingourbusinessrelationship.我们盼望我们的业务关系重新活跃起来。Weshallwelcomeachancetorenewourfriendlyrelationship.很高兴能有机会来恢复我们的友好关系。We'lltryourbesttowidenourbusinessrelationshipwithyou.我们将尽力扩大同你们的贸易关系。We'rewritingyouinordertoestablishbusinessrelationship.我们写此信是为了与你方建立业务关系。Thearrangementwillcontributetocementourpleasantrelationship.此项安排将有助于巩固我们良好的关系。We'rewillingtorestoreourbusinessrelationship.我们希望能恢复贸易关系。Itwillbeadvantageousifstepsaretakentoresumeourbusinessrelationshiponthebasisofmutualbenefit.如果我们采取措施在互利的基础上恢复业务关系，对我们都是有利的。Thedepressedmarketresultsinthestagnationoftrade.市场萧条导致贸易停滞。Wehavebeendoingquitewellinourbusiness,wearewillingtoopenanaccountwithyou.我们的生意一直做得不错，希望能与你们建立帐户往来关系。WordsandPhrasesbusinessassociation业务联系，交往businessconnection业务联系closerelationship密切的关系closerties更密切的关系toestablish(enterinto,setup)businessrelationship建立业务关系tocontinuebusinessrelationship继续业务关系topresentbusinessrelationship保持业务关系toimprovebusinessrelationship改善业务关系topromotebusinessrelationship促进业务关系tospeedupbusinessrelationship加快业务关系的发展toenlarge(widen)businessrelationship扩大业务关系torestore(resume)businessrelationship恢复业务关系tointerruptbusinessrelationship中断业务关系tocementbusinessrelationship巩固业务关系（四）Whencouldyouintroducemetoyoursistercompany?什么时候把贵公司的兄弟公司介绍给我们？WouldyoupleaseintroduceustosomeofthemostreliableexportersofChinesehandicrafts?请向我们推荐一些最可靠的中国手工艺品出口商，可以吗？Ifyouareinterestedindealing,withusinotherproductsofourcompany,pleaseinformusofyourrequirementsaswellasyourbanker'snameandaddress.如果你们有意经营我公司其他产品，请告知你方要求及往来银行的名称和地址。BecauseoftherapiddevelopmentofourbusinessinAsia,wethinkit'snecessarytoopenabranchatthefollowingaddress.鉴于我们在亚洲地区业务的迅速发展，有必要在下列地点设立分公司。We'veoftenexpressedourinterestininvestinginChina.我们一直对在中国投资很感兴趣。Ourabundantresourcesandstablepolicyprovideforeignerswiththeadvantagestheyinvesthere.我们丰富的资源和稳定的政策为外商投资提供了有利条件。Thankyouforyourmannerofbusinesscooperation.我们对你们的合作态度非常满意。WehavebeenworkingonexpandingourscopeofcooperationwithChina.我们一直努力设法扩大与中国的合作范围。Webelieveinlong-termcooperationwithChinabecauseweviewthefutureasbright.我们相信与中国长期合作的前途是光明的。WordsandPhrasestradeprospects/outlook贸易前景tradecooperation贸易合作technologicalcooperation技术合作businesscooperation业务合作cooperativerelationship合作关系thescopeofcooperation合作范围AdditionalWordsandPhrasestradefair贸易展销会tradeshow贸易展览tradeagreement贸易协议toestablisharrangement达成协议toreachanagreement达成协议tradeterms/clause贸易条款tradebalance贸易平衡toconcludeabusinesstransaction达成贸易交易toworkwith与...共事businessactivities经济活动businesshouse商行；商号tradingdepartment/mechanics贸易机构tradeassociation贸易协会theforeigntradedepartment对外贸易部门C.C.P.I.T.(ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade)中国国际贸易促进会CommercialCounselor'sOffice中国使馆的商务处ChamberofCommerce商会tradingpartnership经营合伙人foreigntradepersonnel外贸工作者tradingcenter贸易中心tradingmarket贸易市场tradesman/tradepeoples商人，零售商国际贸易出口信贷exportcredit出口津贴exportsubsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchangedumping优惠关税specialpreferences保税仓库bondedwarehouse贸易顺差favorablebalanceoftrade贸易逆差unfavorablebalanceoftrade进口配额制importquotas自由贸易区freetradezone对外贸易值valueofforeigntrade国际贸易值valueofinternationaltrade普遍优惠制generalizedsystemofpreferences-GSP最惠国待遇most-favorednationtreatment-MFNT价格条件价格术语tradeterm(priceterm)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值totalvalue卸货费landingcharges金额amount关税customsduty净价netprice印花税stampduty含佣价priceincludingcommission港口税portdues回佣returncommission装运港portofshipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港portofdischarge批发价wholesaleprice目的港portofdestination零售价retailprice进口许可证importlicence现货价格spotprice出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forwardprice现行价格（时价）currentpriceprevailingprice国际市场价格world（International）Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-freeonboard成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-costandfreight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insuranceandfreight交货条件交货delivery轮船steamship（缩写S.S）装运、装船shipment租船charter（thecharteredshep）交货时间timeofdelivery定程租船voyagecharter;装运期限timeofshipment定期租船timecharter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regularshippingliner驳船lighter舱位shippingspace油轮tanker报关clearanceofgoods陆运收据cargoreceipt提货totakedeliveryofgoods空运提单airwaybill正本提单originalB\L选择港（任意港）optionalport选港费optionalcharges选港费由买方负担optionalchargestobebornebytheBuyers或optionalchargesforBuyersaccount一月份装船shipmentduringJanuary或Januaryshipment一月底装船shipmentnotlaterthanJan.31st.或shipmentonorbeforeJan.31st.一/二月份装船shipmentduringJan./Feb.或Jan./Feb.shipment在（时间）分两批装船shipmentduringintwolots在（时间）平均分两批装船shipmentduringintwoequallots分三个月装运inthreemonthlyshipments分三个月，每月平均装运inthreeequalmonthlyshipments立即装运immediateshipments即期装运promptshipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipmentswithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C允许分批装船partialshipmentnotallowedpartialshipmentnotpermittedpartialshipmentnotunacceptable交易磋商、合同签订合同签订contract订单indent订货；订购book;booking电复cablereply实盘firmoffer递盘bid;bidding递实盘bidfirm还盘counteroffer发盘（发价）offer发实盘offerfirm询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry

指示性价格priceindication速复replyimmediately参考价referenceprice习惯做法usualpractice交易磋商businessnegotiation不受约束withoutengagement业务洽谈businessdiscussion限**复到限**复subjecttoreply**subjecttoreplyreaching限**复到有效期限timeofvalidity有效至**:validtill**购货合同purchasecontract销售合同salescontract购货确认书purchaseconfirmation销售确认书salesconfirmation一般交易条件generaltermsandconditions以未售出为准subjecttopriorsale需经卖方确认subjecttoseller'sconfirmation需经我方最后确认subjecttoourfinalconfirmation贸易方式tradingformsINT（拍卖auction）寄售consignment招标invitationoftender投标submissionoftender一般代理人agent总代理人generalagent代理协议agencyagreement累计佣金accumulativecommission补偿贸易compensationtrade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatorytrade（又叫：往返贸易）countertrade来料加工processingongivingmaterials来料装配assemblingonprovidedparts独家经营/专营权exclusiveright独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivityagreement独家代理soleagency;soleagent;exclusiveagency;exclusiveagent品质quality原样originalsample规格specifications复样duplicatesample说明descripttion对等样品countersample标准standardtype参考样品referencesample商品目录catalogue封样sealedsample宣传小册pamphlet公差tolerance货号articleNo.花色（搭配）assortment样品sample5%增减5%plusorminus代表性样品representativesample大路货（良好平均品质）fairaveragequality商检仲裁commodityinspectionarbitration索赔claim争议disputes罚金条款penalty不可抗力forceMajeure仲裁庭arbitraltribunal产地证明书certificateoforigin品质检验证书inspectioncertificateofquanlity重量检验证书inspectioncertificateofweight(quantity)**商品检验局**commodityinspectionbureau(*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书inspectioncertificate数量quatity个数number净重netweight容积capacity毛作净grossfornet体积volume皮重tare毛重grossweight溢短装条款moreorlessclauseByoverallbeltstopreventpossibledamagefromjoltinganddampnessandroughhandlingintransit.外贸常用英文词汇缩写及解释FREQUENTLYUSED简称中文英文全称解释A/W全水路AllWaterA•ANER亚洲AsiaNorthAmerica

北美EastboundRate东行运费协定B/L海运提单BillofLadingB/R买价BuyingRateBAF燃油附加费BunkerAdjustmentFactorC&F成本加海运费COSTANDFREIGHTC.C运费Collect到付A•c•c.s.c货柜服务费ContainerServ