线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件

Nematode线虫Nematode线虫1IntroductiontoNematodeClassNematoda（线虫纲）

about10speciesaremedicalimportant

IntroductiontoNematodeClass2线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件3GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeCylindricalshapenon-segmented(不分节)bilateralsymmetry(两侧对称）dioecious(雌雄异体)，femalesareusuallylargerthetailofthemaleusuallycurled（卷曲）orexpandtoumbrella-likeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte4GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte5Generalmorphologicalcharactersofnematode原（假）体腔(procoele)Generalmorphologicalcharacte6eggNon-operculumEggsshellhave3layers:Generalmorphologicalcharactersofnematodevittelinelayer(卵黄膜或受精膜);chitinouslayer(壳质层)lipidlayer（脂层）/ascaroside（蛔甙层）eggGeneralmorphologicalchara7CharactersoflifecycleTypeoflifecycle：soil-transmissionnematodes（土源性线虫）bio-sourcenematodes（生物源性线虫）：需中间宿主Infectivestage：InfectiveeggInfectivelarvacystCharactersoflifecycleTypeo8ImportantnematodesIntestinalnematode：蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫等bloodnamatode丝虫Tissuenematode旋毛虫ImportantnematodesIntestinal9Ascarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫）。蛔虫病（ascariasis)似蚓蛔线虫

AscarislumbricoidesAscarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫10线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件11morphologialofadults

cuticle（表皮）withcircularstriations（环纹）Size:male:15～31cmfemale:20～35cmmorphologialofadultscuticle12lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)13线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件14fertilisedegg(受精卵)

50:malbuminoidcoat(蛋白质外膜)thickeggshellvittelinelayer(受精膜);chitinouslayer(壳质层)ascaroside（蛔甙层）fertilisedegg(受精卵)50:malbum15unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)16eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵含幼虫卵eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵17线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件18Simplelifecycle/directlifecyclefinalhost：humansinhabitedsite：smallintestineinfectivestage：infectiveeggInfectivemode：byingestionEggpassedinfecesLiverlungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleSimplelifecycle/directlife19线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件20pathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’ssyndrome）异位寄生lungphaseoflarvalmigrationpathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’s21larvainsectionoflung

larvainsectionoflung22蛔虫病（ascariasis

）并发症(complication)intestinalblockage(肠梗阻)Perforationofintestine(肠穿孔)

ascariasisofbileduct(胆道蛔虫症)

appendicitis(阑尾炎)pathogenecity蛔虫病（ascariasis

）pathogenecity23线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件24线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件25线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件26diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosisfoundcharacteristicegginfeces；Adultinfecesjuveniles(幼虫)insputum

Immulogicaldiagnosis

diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosis27epidemiologyGeographicdistribution:worldwideFactorsofhighprevalence：SimplelifecycleandproducelargenumbersofeggStrongresistancetochemicalandenvironmentStoolareuseforfertilizerPoorsanitationorLowpersonalhygieneepidemiologyGeographicdistrib28PreventionandcontrolTreatmentpatients,carriersMebendazole（甲苯达唑）Albendazole（阿苯达唑）GoodhygienePreventionandcontrolTreatmen29毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathehumanwhipwormliveinthecaecum(盲肠)andupperpartofthecolon(结肠)

毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathe30MorphologyofadultMorphologyofadult31MorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepolarplugsyellowbrownMorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepo32生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)33Directlifecyclefinalhost：humaninfectivestage：infectiveeggrouteofinfection：byingestionEggpassedinfecesNoblood-lungmigrationDirectlifecycle34pathogenecitypathogenecity35diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。36PreventionandcontrolGeograpgicdistribution:worldwide

treatment阿苯达唑albendazole甲苯咪唑mebendazolePreventionandcontrolGeograpg37钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm

十二指肠钩口线虫

（Ancylostomaduodenale）

美洲板口线虫

(Necatoramericanus)hookwormdisease/ancylostomiasis钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm38ShapeofadultShapeofadult39口囊:buccalcapsule

口囊:buccalcapsule40交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsalray

交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsal41交合刺copulatoryspicules

交合刺copulatoryspicules42MorphologyofeggMorphologyofegg43生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)44SummaryoflifecycleAdultliveinupperofsmallintestineEggpassedinfecesinfectivestage：丝状蚴filariformlarva丝状蚴活动特点：向温性、向湿性、聚集性routeofinfect：byskinBlood-lungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleAdultliv45丝状蚴丝状蚴46PathogenicityLarvalpenetrationoftheskinmayleadtogrounditch(钩蚴性皮炎)；larvaemigratingthroughthelungsmaycausepneumonitis(肺炎)PathogenicityLarvalpenetratio47线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件48PathogenicityAdultfeedonthethesmallintestinemucosaandblood缺铁性贫血Irondeficiencyanemia(低色素小细胞型贫血）；腹泻和异嗜症；婴儿钩虫病(Infantilehookwormdisease)；消化道出血(Gastrointestinalblooding)。PathogenicityAdultfeedonthe49致病:Pathogenicity贫血原因：长期慢性失血(Chronicbloodloss)：

边吸边排边漏；分泌抗凝素anticoagulant；

频繁更换咬附部位；虫体活动造成组织、血管损伤。致病:Pathogenicity贫血原因：50线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件51线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件52diagnosisEtilogicalexamination（1）directsmear：（2）brinefloatationmethod(饱和盐水浮聚法)（3）Larvalcultivation(钩蚴培养法)

（4）larvainsputumdiagnosisEtilogicalexaminatio53diagnosisSerologicaltest（1）皮内实验（ID）（2）ELISA:（3）间接荧光抗体试验（IFA)diagnosisSerologicaltest54epidemiologyFactorsinprevalence

sourceofinfection：patientsandcarriers。WaytoinfectionepidemiologyFactorsinprevale55线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件56PreventionandcontrolTreamentofsourceofinfection阿苯达唑albendazole甲苯咪唑mebendazoleGoodhygienePreventionandcontrolTreament57为什么蛔虫病广泛流行？你能否从虫形态、生态生活史几个方面分析。为什么小孩蛔虫病多于成人，农村多于城市？一小孩血检嗜酸性粒细胞增加，医生怀疑蛔虫病，而粪检虫卵阴性，可能是什么原因？你如何处理？寄生虫可引起哪几种皮肤病？如何引起？思考题为什么蛔虫病广泛流行？你能否从虫形态、生态58Nematode线虫Nematode线虫59IntroductiontoNematodeClassNematoda（线虫纲）

about10speciesaremedicalimportant

IntroductiontoNematodeClass60线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件61GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeCylindricalshapenon-segmented(不分节)bilateralsymmetry(两侧对称）dioecious(雌雄异体)，femalesareusuallylargerthetailofthemaleusuallycurled（卷曲）orexpandtoumbrella-likeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte62GeneralmorphologicalcharactersofnematodeGeneralmorphologicalcharacte63Generalmorphologicalcharactersofnematode原（假）体腔(procoele)Generalmorphologicalcharacte64eggNon-operculumEggsshellhave3layers:Generalmorphologicalcharactersofnematodevittelinelayer(卵黄膜或受精膜);chitinouslayer(壳质层)lipidlayer（脂层）/ascaroside（蛔甙层）eggGeneralmorphologicalchara65CharactersoflifecycleTypeoflifecycle：soil-transmissionnematodes（土源性线虫）bio-sourcenematodes（生物源性线虫）：需中间宿主Infectivestage：InfectiveeggInfectivelarvacystCharactersoflifecycleTypeo66ImportantnematodesIntestinalnematode：蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫等bloodnamatode丝虫Tissuenematode旋毛虫ImportantnematodesIntestinal67Ascarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫）。蛔虫病（ascariasis)似蚓蛔线虫

AscarislumbricoidesAscarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫68线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件69morphologialofadults

cuticle（表皮）withcircularstriations（环纹）Size:male:15～31cmfemale:20～35cmmorphologialofadultscuticle70lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)lips(唇瓣)spicule(交合刺)71线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件72fertilisedegg(受精卵)

50:malbuminoidcoat(蛋白质外膜)thickeggshellvittelinelayer(受精膜);chitinouslayer(壳质层)ascaroside（蛔甙层）fertilisedegg(受精卵)50:malbum73unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)unfertilisedegg(未受精卵)74eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵含幼虫卵eggdecorticatedegg(脱蛋白膜卵)多细胞卵75线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件76Simplelifecycle/directlifecyclefinalhost：humansinhabitedsite：smallintestineinfectivestage：infectiveeggInfectivemode：byingestionEggpassedinfecesLiverlungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleSimplelifecycle/directlife77线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件78pathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’ssyndrome）异位寄生lungphaseoflarvalmigrationpathogenecity肺蛔虫病（Loeffler’s79larvainsectionoflung

larvainsectionoflung80蛔虫病（ascariasis

）并发症(complication)intestinalblockage(肠梗阻)Perforationofintestine(肠穿孔)

ascariasisofbileduct(胆道蛔虫症)

appendicitis(阑尾炎)pathogenecity蛔虫病（ascariasis

）pathogenecity81线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件82线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件83线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件84diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosisfoundcharacteristicegginfeces；Adultinfecesjuveniles(幼虫)insputum

Immulogicaldiagnosis

diagnosisEtilogicaldiagnosis85epidemiologyGeographicdistribution:worldwideFactorsofhighprevalence：SimplelifecycleandproducelargenumbersofeggStrongresistancetochemicalandenvironmentStoolareuseforfertilizerPoorsanitationorLowpersonalhygieneepidemiologyGeographicdistrib86PreventionandcontrolTreatmentpatients,carriersMebendazole（甲苯达唑）Albendazole（阿苯达唑）GoodhygienePreventionandcontrolTreatmen87毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathehumanwhipwormliveinthecaecum(盲肠)andupperpartofthecolon(结肠)

毛首鞭形线虫

Trichuristrichiurathe88MorphologyofadultMorphologyofadult89MorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepolarplugsyellowbrownMorpholoyofeggbarrelshapepo90生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)91Directlifecyclefinalhost：humaninfectivestage：infectiveeggrouteofinfection：byingestionEggpassedinfecesNoblood-lungmigrationDirectlifecycle92pathogenecitypathogenecity93diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。diagnosisFindeggsinfeces。94PreventionandcontrolGeograpgicdistribution:worldwide

treatment阿苯达唑albendazole甲苯咪唑mebendazolePreventionandcontrolGeograpg95钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm

十二指肠钩口线虫

（Ancylostomaduodenale）

美洲板口线虫

(Necatoramericanus)hookwormdisease/ancylostomiasis钩虫：hookwormHumanhookworm96ShapeofadultShapeofadult97口囊:buccalcapsule

口囊:buccalcapsule98交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsalray

交合伞copulatorybursa;背辐肋dorsal99交合刺copulatoryspicules

交合刺copulatoryspicules100MorphologyofeggMorphologyofegg101生活史(lifecycle)生活史(lifecycle)102SummaryoflifecycleAdultliveinupperofsmallintestineEggpassedinfecesinfectivestage：丝状蚴filariformlarva丝状蚴活动特点：向温性、向湿性、聚集性routeofinfect：byskinBlood-lungmigrationSummaryoflifecycleAdultliv103丝状蚴丝状蚴104PathogenicityLarvalpenetrationoftheskinmayleadtogrounditch(钩蚴性皮炎)；larvaemigratingthroughthelungsmaycausepneumonitis(肺炎)PathogenicityLarvalpenetratio105线虫概论蛔虫鞭虫钩虫解读课件106PathogenicityAdultfeedonthethesmallintestinem