高中英语语法：反义疑问句专项讲解（含答案）

4/44/44/4反义疑问句一、反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两局部组成：前一局部是一个陈述句,后一局部是一个简短的疑问句,两局部的人称时态应保持一致。陈述局部为肯定式+疑问局部为否认式〔如果陈述局部的否认词带有否认前缀,那么,该陈述局部作肯定处理,附加疑问局部一般仍用否认形式〕e.g.Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?Tomdislikesthebook,doesn’the?陈述局部为否认式+疑问局部为肯定式(陈述局部用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否认或半否认含义的词时,疑问局部用肯定式。)e.g.Hecan’trideabike,canhe?Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?二、附加疑问句〔一〕主语的选择1．陈述局部的主语是I,疑问局部要用aren'tI.I’mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?注：当陈述局部的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如：IfindEnglishveryinteresting,don’tyou?Idon’tlikethatfilm,doyou?2．当陈述局部的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,noone,somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如：SomebodyphonedwhileIwasout,didn’tthey?Everyoneenjoyedtheparty,didn’tthey?Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?3．当陈述局部的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如：Everythingseemsallrightnow,doesn’tit?Nothingiskeptingoodorder,isit?Somethingmustbedonetostoppollution,isn’tit?4．当陈述局部的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如：Thisisimportant,isn’tit?Thatisn’tcorrect,isit?TheseareyourfriendsTomandJack,aren’tthey?5．如果陈述局部是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如：Onecan’tbetoocareful,canone?或canyou?Oneshoulddohisduty,shouldn’the?6．当陈述句为therebe结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如：There’snohelpforit,isthere?There’ssomethingwrong,isn’tthere?7．当陈述局部为主从复合句时,附加疑问局部一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如：ShesaysthatIdidit,doesn’tshe?Itoldthemnoteverybodycoulddoit,didn’tI?但当陈述局部的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问局部那么往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否认的转移。Isupposethathe’sseriousisn’the?Idon’tthinkshecares,doesshe?8．当陈述局部是并列句,附加疑问句那么需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如：XiaoLinhasbeenwritinglettersallafternoonbutheshouldfinishthemnow,shouldn’the?9．在由“祈使句+附加疑问〞构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问局部的主语一般用you。如：Don’topenthedoor,willyou?Givemesomecigarettes,canyou?Takearest,whydon’tyou?但以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问局部用shallwe；以letus开头的祈使句,如果含义是allowus,不包括听话人在内,疑问局部用willyou。如：Let’shaveabasketballmatchthisafternoon,shallwe?Letusgooutforarest,willyou?10．陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问局部的主语通常用it。如：Learninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,doesn’tit?Betweensixandsevenwillsuityou,won’tit?Wheretoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecided,hasit?〔二〕谓语动词的选择1．当陈述局部带有情态动词must表示“必须〞时,疑问局部用mustn’t。如：Youmustworkhardnextterm,mustn’tyou?Imustanswertheletter,mustn’tI?但假设表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述局部的不定式结构〔即must之后的动词〕以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：Youmusthavemadeamistake,haven’tyou?Theymusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’tthey?Hemustbeinthelibrary,isn’the?2．当陈述局部含有usedto时,疑问局部可用usedn’t或didn’t。如：Theoldmanusedtosmoke,didn’t/usedn’the?Tomusedtolivehere,usedn’t/didn’the?3．当陈述局部带有情态动词oughtto时,疑问局部用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如：Heoughttoknowtheanswer,oughtn’the?Weoughttoreadthisbook,oughtn’t/shouldn’twe?4．当陈述局部含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问局部常用need/dare+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?但当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问局部用助动词do+主语。Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?5．当陈述局部含有hadbetter时,疑问局部用hadn’t。如：You’dbetterfinishyourhomeworknow,hadn’tyou?6．感慨句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否认形式。如：Whatacleverboy,isn’the?Whatalovelyday,isn’tit?7．陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。如：IwishtohaveachancetolearnEnglish,mayI?8．当陈述局部带有表示“所有〞含义的动词have〔has〕时,疑问局部既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如：Youhaveanewbike,haven’tyou〔或don’tyou〕?Shedoesn’thaveanymoneyinherpocket,doesshe?9．陈述局部有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问局部常用don't+主语〔didn't+主语〕。如：Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?10．陈述局部有wouldrather+v.,疑问局部多用wouldn't+主语。如：Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?11．陈述局部有You'dliketo+v.疑问局部用wouldn't+主语。如：You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?12．陈述局部由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问局部根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13．在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、疑心、反感、挖苦等感情而并不是为了寻求答复,这时前后两局部的肯定、否认是一致的。如：Oh,heisawriter,ishe?You’llnotgo,won’tyou?〔三〕反义疑问句的答复对反意疑问句的答复,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否认的,就要用no。例：—Helikesplayingfootball,doesn’the?他喜欢踢足球,是吗？—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.是的,他喜欢。/不是,他不喜欢。当陈述句局部是否认结构,附加疑问句局部用肯定式提问时,答复yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种答复的yes要译成“不〞,no要译成“是〞。—Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗？—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。反义疑问句练习1.Lindaatenothingthismorning,___?A.didn’tsheB.wassheC.didsheD.wasn’tshe2.There’shardly___milkinthebottle,_____there?A.no,isn’tB.some,isC.little,isn’tD.any,is3.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___?A.doesheB.hasheC.hasn’theD.doesn’the4.—Heseldomcamehere,_____?—Yessir.A.didn’theB.doesheC.doesn’theD.didhe5.Everythingseemsallright,_____?A.doesitB.don’ttheyC.won’titD.doesn’tit7.Onecan’tbetoomodest,can_____?A.oneB.heC.itD.we8.Noonefailedintheexam,_____?A.washeB.didoneC.didtheyD.didn’the10.NeitheryounorIamaartist,_____?A.amIB.aren’tweC.areweD.ain’tI11.Hecan’tbeherfather,_____he?A.isB.isn’tC.canD.can’t12.Theyhavenotimetovisitthemuseum,_____?A.dotheyB.haven’ttheyC.don’ttheyD.willthey14.You’dbettergoatonce,_____you?A.hadn’tB.didC.didn’tD.don’t15.You’dratherworkthanplay,_____you?A.hadn’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.mustn’t16.Youdarenotdothat,_____you?A.don’tB.doC.dareD.daren’t18.Hedislikesthetwosubjects,_____he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.isD.isn’t19.Thesetoolsareuselessnow,_____?A.aretheyB.aren’ttheyC.isitD.isn’tit20.Heusedtogetupat6:30,_____he?A.didn’theB.didheC.usedheD.wouldn’the22.Heoughttowinthefirstprize,_______he?A.mustn’tB.oughtn’tC.shouldn’tD.BothBandC.23.Let’sgotherebybus,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.don’tyouD.willyou24.Letusgotoplayfootball,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.doweD.arewe25.Don’tforgettogivePollysomefoodandchangeherwater,___?A.willyouB.shallweC.won’tyouD.doyou26.—Let’sgoshoppingthisafternoon,_____?—Allright.A.willweB.shallweC.don’tweD.arewe27.—Passmethedictionary,_____?—Yes,withpleasure.A.wouldyouB.willyouC.won’tyouD.wouldn’tyou30.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,____?A.isn’tthereB.isn’titC