会计基本准则英文版

AccountingStandardforBusinessEnterprises:BasicStandardChapter1GeneralProvisionsArticle1InaccordancewithTheAccountingLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandotherrelevantlawsandregulations,thisStandardisformulatedtoprescribetherecognition,measurementandreportingactivitiesofenterprisesforaccountingpurposesandtoensurethequalityofaccountinginformation.Article2ThisStandardshallapplytoenterprises(includingcompanies)establishedwithinthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Article3AccountingStandardsforBusinessEnterprisesincludetheBasicStandardandSpecificStandards.SpecificStandardsshallbeformulatedinaccordancewiththisStandard.Article4Anenterpriseshallpreparefinancialreports.Theobjectiveoffinancialreportsistoprovideaccountinginformationaboutthefinancialposition,operatingresultsandcashflows,etc.oftheenterprisetotheusersofthefinancialreports,inordertoshowresultsofthemanagement’sstewardship,andassistusersoffinancialreportstomakeeconomicdecisions.Usersoffinancialreportsincludeinvestors,creditors,governmentanditsrelevantdepartmentsaswellasthepublic.Article5

Anenterpriseshallrecognize,measureandreporttransactionsoreventsthattheenterpriseitselfhaveoccurred.Article6Inperformingrecognition,measurementandreportingforaccountingpurposes,anenterpriseshallbeassumedtobeagoingconcern.Article7Anenterpriseshallclosetheaccountsandpreparefinancialreportsforeachseparateaccountingperiod.Accountingperiodsaredividedintoannualperiods(yearly)andinterimperiods.Aninterimperiodisareportingperiodshorterthanafullaccountingyear.Article8Accountingmeasurementshallbebasedonunitofcurrency.Article9Recognition,measurementandreportingforaccountingpurposesshallbeonanaccrualbasis.Article10Anenterpriseshalldeterminetheaccountingelementsbasedontheeconomiccharacteristicsofthetransactionsorevents.Accountingelementsincludeassets,liabilities,owners’equity,revenue,expensesandprofit.Article11

Anenterpriseshallapplythedoubleentrymethod(i.e.debitandcredit)forbookkeepingpurposes.Chapter2QualitativeRequirementsofAccountingInformationArticle12Anenterpriseshallrecognize,measureandreportforaccountingpurposestransactionsoreventsthathaveactuallyoccurred,tofaithfullyrepresenttheaccountingelementswhichsatisfyrecognitionandmeasurementrequirementsandotherrelevantinformation,andensuretheaccountinginformationistrue,reliableandcomplete.Article13Accountinginformationprovidedbyanenterpriseshallberelevanttotheneedsoftheusersoffinancialreportsinmakingeconomicdecisions,byhelpingthemevaluateorforecastthepast,presentorfutureeventsoftheenterprise.Article14Accountinginformationprovidedbyanenterpriseshallbeclearandexplicable,sothatitisreadilyunderstandableanduseabletotheusersoffinancialreports.Article15Accountinginformationprovidedbyenterprisesshallbecomparable.Anenterpriseshalladoptconsistentaccountingpoliciesforsameorsimilartransactionsoreventsthatoccurredindifferentperiodsandshallnotchangethepoliciesarbitrarily.Ifachangeisrequiredorneeded,detailsofthechangeshallbeexplainedinthenotes.

Differententerprisesshalladoptprescribedaccountingpoliciestoaccountforsameorsimilartransactionsoreventstoensureaccountinginformationiscomparableandpreparedonaconsistentbasis.Article16Anenterpriseshallrecognize,measureandreporttransactionsoreventsbasedontheirsubstance,andnotmerelybasedontheirlegalform.Article17Accountinginformationprovidedbyanenterpriseshallreflectallimportanttransactionsoreventsthatrelatetoitsfinancialposition,operatingresultsandcashflows.Article18Anenterpriseshallexerciseprudenceinrecognition,measurementandreportingoftransactionsorevents.Itshallnotoverstateassetsorincomenorunderstateliabilitiesorexpenses.Article19Anenterpriseshallrecognize,measureandreporttransactionsoreventsoccurredinatimelymannerandshallneitherbringforwardnordefertheaccounting.Chapter3AssetsArticle20Anassetisaresourcethatisownedorcontrolledbyanenterpriseasaresultofpasttransactionsoreventsandisexpectedtogenerateeconomicbenefitsto2theenterprise.

“Pasttransactionsorevents”mentionedinprecedingparagraphincludeacquisition,production,constructionorothertransactionsorevents.Transactionsoreventsexpectedtooccurinthefuturedonotgiverisetoassets.“Ownedorcontrolledbyanenterprise”istherighttoenjoytheownershipofaparticularresourceor,althoughtheenterprisemaynothavetheownershipofaparticularresource,itcancontroltheresource.“Expectedtogenerateeconomicbenefitstotheenterprise”isthepotentialtobringinflowsofcashandcashequivalents,directlyorindirectly,totheenterprise.Article21AresourcethatsatisfiesthedefinitionofanassetsetoutinArticle20inthisstandardshallberecognizedasanassetwhenbothofthefollowingconditionsaremet:itisprobablethattheeconomicbenefitsassociatedwiththatresourcewillflowtotheenterprise;andthecostorvalueofthatresourcecanbemeasuredreliably.Article22Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionandrecognitioncriteriaofanassetshallbeincludedinthebalancesheet.Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionofanassetbutfailstomeettherecognitioncriteriashallnotbeincludedinthebalancesheet.Chapter4LiabilitiesArticle23Aliabilityisapresentobligationarisingfrompasttransactionsoreventswhichareexpectedtogiverisetoanoutflowofeconomicbenefitsfromtheenterprise.

Apresentobligationisadutycommittedbytheenterpriseundercurrentcircumstances.Obligationsthatwillresultfromtheoccurrenceoffuturetransactionsoreventsarenotpresentobligationsandshallnotberecognizedasliabilities.Article24AnobligationthatsatisfiesthedefinitionofaliabilitysetoutinArticle23inthisstandardshallberecognizedasaliabilitywhenbothofthefollowingconditionsaremet:itisprobabletherewillbeanoutflowofeconomicbenefitsassociatedwiththatobligationfromtheenterprise;andtheamountoftheoutflowofeconomicbenefitsinthefuturecanbemeasuredreliably.Article25Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionandrecognitioncriteriaofaliabilityshallbeincludedinthebalancesheet.Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionofaliabilitybutfailstomeettherecognitioncriteriashallnotbeincludedinthebalancesheet.Chapter5Owners*EquityArticle26Owners’equityistheresidualinterestintheassetsofanenterpriseafterdeductingallitsliabilities.Owners’equityofacompanyisalsoknownasshareholders5equity.Article27Owners’equitycomprisescapitalcontributedbyowners,gainsandlossesdirectlyrecognizedinowners’equity,retainedearningsetc.

Gainsandlossesdirectlyrecognizedinowners’equityarethosegainsorlossesthatshallnotberecognizedinprofitorlossofthecurrentperiodbutwillresultinchanges(increasesordecreases)inowners’equity,otherthanthoserelatingtocontributionsfrom,orappropriationsofprofitto,equityparticipants.Gainsareinflowsofeconomicbenefitsthatdonotariseinthecourseofordinaryactivitiesresultinginincreasesinowners’equity,otherthanthoserelatingtocontributionsfromowners.Lossesareoutflowsofeconomicbenefitsthatdonotariseinthecourseofordinaryactivitiesresultingindecreasesinowners’equity,otherthanthoserelatingtoappropriationsofprofittoowners.Article28Theamountofowners’equityisdeterminedbythemeasurementofassetsandliabilities.Article29Anitemofowners’equityshallbeincludedinthebalancesheet.Chapter6RevenueArticle30Revenueisthegrossinflowofeconomicbenefitsderivedfromthecourseofordinaryactivitiesthatresultinincreasesinequity,otherthanthoserelatingtocontributionsfromowners.Article31

Revenueisrecognizedonlywhenitisprobablethateconomicbenefitswillflowtotheenterprise,whichwillresultinanincreaseinassetsordecreaseinliabilitiesandtheamountoftheinflowofeconomicbenefitscanbemeasuredreliably.Article32Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionandrecognitioncriteriaofrevenueshallbeincludedintheincomestatement.Chapter7ExpensesArticle33Expensesarethegrossoutflowofeconomicbenefitsresultedfromthecourseofordinaryactivitiesthatresultindecreasesinowners’equity,otherthanthoserelatingtoappropriationsofprofitstoowners.Article34Expensesarerecognizedonlywhenitisprobabletherewillbeoutflowofeconomicbenefitsfromtheenterprisewhichresultinareductionofitsassetsoranincreaseinliabilitiesandtheamountoftheoutflowofeconomicbenefitscanbemeasuredreliably.Article35Directlyattributablecosts,suchasproductcosts,labourcosts,etc.incurredbyanenterpriseintheprocessofproductionofgoodsorrenderingofservicesshallberecognizedascostofgoodssoldorservicesprovidedandarechargedtoprofitorlossintheperiodinwhichtherevenuegeneratedfromtherelatedproductsorservicesarerecognized.

Whereanexpenditureincurreddoesnotgenerateeconomicbenefits,orwheretheeconomicbenefitsderivedfromanexpendituredonotsatisfy,orceasetosatisfy,therecognitioncriteriaofanasset,theexpenditureshallbeexpensedwhenincurredandincludedinprofitorlossofthecurrentperiod.Transactionsoreventsoccurredwhichleadtotheassumptionofaliabilitywithoutrecognitionofanassetshallbeexpensedwhenincurredandincludedinprofitorlossofthecurrentperiod.Article36Anitemthatsatisfiesthedefinitionandrecognitioncriteriaofexpensesshallbeincludedintheincomestatement.Chapter8ProfitArticle37Profitistheoperatingresultofanenterpriseoveraspecificaccountingperiod.Profitincludesthenetamountofrevenueafterdeductingexpenses,gainsandlossesdirectlyrecognizedinprofitofthecurrentperiod,etc.Article38Gainsandlossesdirectlyrecognizedinprofitofthecurrentperiodarethosegainsandlossesthatshallberecognizedinprofitorlossdirectlywhichresultinchanges(increasesordecreases)toowners’equity,otherthanthoserelatingtocontributionsfrom,orappropriationsofprofitto,owners.Article39Theamountofprofitisdeterminedbythemeasurementoftheamountsofrevenueandexpenses,gainsandlossesdirectlyrecognizedinprofitorlossinthecurrentperiod.

Article40Anitemofprofitshallbeincludedintheincomestatement.Chapter9AccountingMeasurementArticle41Inrecordingaccountingelementsthatmeettherecognitioncriteriaintheaccountingbooksandrecordsandpresentingthemintheaccountingstatementsandthenotes(hereinaftertogetherknownas“financialstatements”)，anenterpriseshallmeasuretheaccountingelementsinaccordancewiththeprescribedaccountingmeasurementbases.Article42Accountingmeasurementbasesmainlycomprise:Historicalcost:Assetsarerecordedattheamountofcashorcashequivalentspaidorthefairvalueoftheconsiderationgiventoacquirethematthetimeoftheiracquisition.Liabilitiesarerecordedattheamountofproceedsorassetsreceivedinexchangeforthepresentobligation,ortheamountpayableundercontractforassumingthepresentobligation,orattheamountofcashorcashequivalentsexpectedtobepaidtosatisfytheliabilityinthenormalcourseofbusiness.Replacementcost:Assetsarecarriedattheamountofcashorcashequivalentsthatwouldhavetobepaidifasameorsimilarassetwasacquiredcurrently.Liabilitiesarecarriedattheamountofcashorcashequivalentsthatwouldbecurrentlyrequiredtosettletheobligation.

Netrealizablevalue:Assetsarecarriedattheamountofcashorcashequivalentsthatcouldbeobtainedbysellingtheassetintheordinarycourseofbusiness,lesstheestimatedcostsofcompletion,theestimatedsellingcostsandrelatedtaxpayments.Presentvalue:Assetsarecarriedatthepresentdiscountedvalueofthefuturenetcashinflowsthattheitemisexpectedtogeneratefromitscontinuinguseandultimatedisposal.Liabilitiesarecarriedatthepresentdiscountedvalueofthefuturenetcashoutflowsthatareexpectedtoberequiredtosettletheliabilitieswithintheexpectedsettlementperiod.Fairvalue:Assetsandliabilitiesarecarriedattheamountforwhichanassetcouldbeexchanged,oraliabilitysettled,betweenknowledgeable,willingpartiesinanarm’slengthtransaction.Article43Anenterpriseshallgenerallyadopthistoricalcostasthemeasurementbasisforaccountingelements.Iftheaccountingelementsaremeasuredatreplacementcost,netrealisablevalue,presentvalueorfairvalue,theenterpriseshallensuresuchamountscanbeobta