1999年考研英语一真题纯考场排版菌

★启用1999年招生考英语（一（科目代☆考生注意事项答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生和考生；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生和考生,并涂写考生信息点。写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。（以下信息考生必须认真填写 年攻读入学考试英语试题PartⅠClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies1lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem2andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a3ofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished4timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay5greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulations.7othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramif umresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety8.Thefewertheinjury9,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat10orataloss.［A］ ［B］aggravating［C］ ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［A］comes ［B］turns ［C］pays ［D］holds［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［A］anadvantage［B］a ［C］an ［D］aPartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)PassageIt’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegsliponyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingeverlongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight—surprise!—falloff.Thelabelonachild’sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertoWhilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Asalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn’thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,ofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“We’rereallysorryhehas eparalyzed,buthelmetsaren’tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,”saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete’sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhose mendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.“Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,”saysalawprofessoratCornellLawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidents［A］Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthrough［B］Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegal［C］Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnew［D］JuriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniesManufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetend［A］satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningson ehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheir［C］makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegal［D］feelobligedtoviewcustomers’safetyastheirfirstThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstrated［A］someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedby［B］helmetswerenotdesignedtoprevent［C］productlabelswouldeventuallybe［D］somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithTheauthor’sattitudetowardstheissueseemsto［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］PassageInthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusinesstobusinesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandther,”saysseniorystBlaneErwinForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWeb［A］hasbeenstrivingtoexpandits［B］intendedtofollowafanciful［C］triedbutinvaintocontrolthe［D］hasbeenboomingforoneyearorSpeakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies［A］thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWeb［B］businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonline［C］thereisaradicalchangein［D］itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedIntheviewofNetpurists,［A］thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonline［B］moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthe［C］theWebshouldbeabletofunctionastheevision［D］thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutWelearnfromthelastparagraph［A］pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternet［B］interactivity,hospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonline［C］leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecades［D］settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingPassageAninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththentoputcomputersintheAneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhois pleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computereducationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computeredadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewelldevelopedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedto eacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake—attheverylongest—acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessaryto inganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroom［A］far ［B］dubiously［C］self ［D］radicallyThebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoall［A］isindicativeofapessimismin［B］cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalof［C］isdeeplyrootedinthemindsof ed［D］originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedItcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis.［A］dependentuponthestartingageof［B］worthtryinginvarioussocial［C］oflittlepractical［D］attractivetoeverykindofAccordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshould［A］includedasanauxiliarycoursein［B］highlightedinacquisitionofprofessional［C］masteredthrougha long［D］equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorPassageWhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment—althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrinceton HaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswith mendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup—theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission(NBAC)—hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanearfinaldraftoftheir NBACwillaskthatClinton’s90daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefiniy,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordthe mendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells—routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whetherto mendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetothe mendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywouldappealtoprivayfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation,butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill“upintheair”.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraph［A］federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclone［B］theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsof［C］NBACwasauthorizedtocontrolthemisuseofcloning［D］theWhiteHousehasgotthe mendationsonThepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexcept［A］thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadea［B］thecloningofhumanDNAisnottobeputundermore［C］itiscriminaltouseprivatefundingforhuman［D］itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanNBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussed［A］embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentof［B］thehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryo［C］anembryo’slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryo［D］theissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledintheItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph［A］someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcomple［B］alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinno［C］ yfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC’s［D］theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbePassageScience,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheHowmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid,“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthas ethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam”.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton［A］inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientific［B］scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesare［C］scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureof［D］unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificTheauthorassertsthat［A］shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginative［B］shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictable［C］shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnical［D］shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchItseemsthatsomeyoung［A］haveakeeninterestin［B］oftenspeculateonthe［C］thinkhighlyofcreative［D］stickto“scientificTheauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientific［A］maynotbeasprofitableastheyare［B］canbemeasuredindollarsand［C］relyonconformitytoastandard［D］aremostlyunderestimatedbyPart ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalways pleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasaninlectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.Whilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.Socialsciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadiscipline ernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporaryworld.33）Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Methodologyisatermthatremainsinherentlyambiguousinthehistoricalprofession.34）Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.Historians,especiallythosesoblindedbytheirresearchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod,”frequentlyfallvictimtothe“technicalfallacy.”Alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofitstechnicalimplementation.35）Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.SectionⅣWriting(1536.Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatlessthan150YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldcoverthreeeffectofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitspossiblereasonsfortheyoursuggestionforwildlife1999年答案及解PartⅠCloze1.D2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.PartⅡReadingPartPassage11.B12.C13.A14.Passage15.APassagePassagePassagePartⅢ ChineseSectionⅣWriting(15试题精PartⅠClozekee（the（andactivemy，cesyoae与peguntasptavebyhepocans（们还继续争那件。放入中，eepsfeyprorasae从语法和意思上均符合文意。整个句子的大意为：事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划，努力实施它们，并且不断使挥并。+解此先理空的语adentreoeaons意无故作ee此意“…，免…ancer epon feeon（核区次理条句Wnewrkseld的含义，根据上文，知它指的是：公司能够很地制定安全计划并实施时。考还需注意这里条件从句实际上也反应它和主句之间因果关系，：由于公司能够很地…，无事故作的“什么”就可以立来据判立（run要reqee都是能结它两个选中cae可以示“氛氛acaeofuet不气氛，在中为立一个无事故操作的工作围。干扰项是ccuane，它也可以表示“环境，但一般用复数，如：Teccuacesfcedeoaep（境使不同意它单时义一情个定事件，：orralwasafruaecuane你到是一幸。空格前后部分是两个结构完整的句子：aclimateofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished（一个无事故操作的工作氛围被建立起来）timelostiskeptataminimum（工伤损失的时间保持在最低的限度aclimateisestablished4timeistimeiskeptataminimumintheclimate（工伤损失的时间在这种氛围里会被保持在最低的when，wherewhy可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原how，句子中就不能有先行词，如：Thisishowhebehaves.in的搭配。四个选项中，alterdistinguishin搭配，首先应该排除；，ways.（我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同Someplacegreatemphasison...Othersstresssafework也可以看出，空格所在句子的含义应是“成功的安全计划在所强调的重点方面有很大+空格所在句子是Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulationsothers指代的是othersafetyprograms，by表示方式、。本题空格处虽然填入的是动名词，但实际考查的是哪个中心动词可以与宾实施安全作业。A、B和D选项都可以做及物动词，但它们与rulesorregulations搭配在意义上都不符合句Someplaceemphasisonmechanicalguarding....Othersstresssafeworkpractices...othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker。显然，这三个结构是平行的。空格处需要词或副词来连接。some和many是不定代词，外前文的value和financial都暗示了填入的短语和经济有关。四个短语符合句意的只有paysoff（…是值得的，…没有白费），如：Johnstudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoffHemadeanA.（约翰考例句补充：Thetabletennisfinalscomeofftomorrow.（乒乓球决赛明日举行；Somethingunexpectedhasturnedup.（发生了意料之外的事情；Theyheldupunderfierceenemyattack（他们顶住了敌人猛烈的进攻。+...claims为固定说法，指“工伤索赔”。空格所在部分是thedifferencebetweenoperatingat10oratalossdifferenceorat和空格部分ataloss（亏本）是选择关系，在意义上相反。四个选项中，benefitadvantageat搭配；interestat搭配，指“利息”，如：Theloanwasmadeat6percentinterest（以PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1①anticipatevt.*1.anticipatedthehardwinterahead2.期盼，期待（尤指好事）Ianticipatedtheinterviewwithpleasure.3.早于（别人）采取行动，抢先一步,先于……之前（做）WhenIarrived,Ifoundthathehadanticipatedme.当我到达时我②capen.［C］*1.2.（常用于地理名称）海角;theCapeofGoodHope角③have/get/followones(own)way一意孤行，，随心所欲例：Sinceheinsists,Illlethavehisway.④liablea.*1.（法律上）有赔偿责任的（for）例：Manufacturersareliableforanydefectsintheequipment.制造商对设备的任何缺陷都负有赔偿责任。2.易于（可能，倾向于）做某事（尤指不幸的事情）例：Inadepressionbanksareliabletofail.时期银行往往。3.易出问题的，易得病的；可能受（尤指结果不好的事情）影响（后跟介词to）例：liabletodiabetes易患的；liabilityn.(法律上对某事物的赔偿等)责任,义务；负债，；受某物影响的倾向（尤指不好的事物） a.1.中等的，适度的例：amoderate 不的，温和的，不偏激的*3.有节制的，不过分的，合理的例：moderatewagedemands合理的工资vi.&vt.（使）缓和，（使）Thestudentsmoderatedtheirdemands.学生们降低了sidedwiththeirmotheragainstme.孩子们总是和站在一边，跟我唱对台戏。 vi*1.2.tomovequickly,smoothly,orsecretly迅速移动；悄悄溜走（vt.把……悄悄放在或递给……例：Islippedanoteintohishandunderthetable.我偷偷从桌子塞给n.［C］1.2.3.asmallmistakeaslipofthetongue/pen口误/⑧weightn..UC］2.agreatresponsibilityorworryThenewswascertainlyaweightoffmymind.这个消息真是去掉了我心里的重担。.U］importanceinfluenceorstrength重要性，，实力例：Themanyletterofsupportaddedweighttothen.许多声援信增加了这场tort ｔ］n.民事行为；tortlaw法bombard［′ｂｍｂａｄ］v.轰炸，轰击；大量提问，大肆，提供过多信费者()、公司()和面的反应，着重态度的转变。11.Whatwerethingslikein1980saccidents[A]Customersmightberelievedofdisastersthrough[A]顾客可以通过而免受[B]Injuredcustomerscouldexpectfromthelegal][C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedprovidingnew[C]公司将通过提供新的警示语避免被起[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwith[D]]1980sthethinking指代事故受伤后希望通过获取补偿的想法大约自20世纪80年代初得以。关系副词when引导非限定性定语从句，when相当于in1980s，意为“当时（在20世纪80年代）陪审团开始认为的公司应对其客［A］选项与原文不符，顾客是之后希望通过得到金钱上的补偿（compensate，而不是“免于”，relievesbofsth意为freesbfromsthunpleasant,arduousormonotonous使（人）从不愉快的、费力的、单调的事情中解脱出来，如：relieveyouofatremendousburden/unwantedadvertisements使你卸掉沉重的包袱/免受的骚扰［C］选项出现了原文中没有的内容newwarnings，而且第三段第一句，12.Manufacturersasmentionedinthetend[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongon[A]意 inadequaciesoftheir[B][C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoid[C]充分利用避免[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomerssafetytheirfirst][分析]本题考核的知识点是：具体细节题。难度文章第二段提到（由于陪审团认为公司应对客户的不幸负责）公司方面做出的反应是：撰写冗长的警告，以先标明种可能发的事故。三段着提到，警语能否真保护制商和销售使之13.ThecaseofSchutthelmet[A]someinjuryclaimswerenosupportedby[A]某些因为索赔不再受法律[B]helmetswerenotdesignedto[B]头盔不是被设计用来防止 [C]产品最终将被淘[D]somesportsgamesmightlose[D]目]根据Schutt定位到第四段，在举该例之前作者“现在情况似乎正在发生转变。虽然个人受伤索赔的案子像以往一样不断出现，但是一些开始站到一边，特别是在有警告也可能无法避免事故14.Theauthorsattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe.[A][A][B][B][C][C][D][D]] 技巧：对于态度题，考生要联系全文，把握整篇文章。同时考生自己的态度糅进其中，还要注意区分作者本人的态度和被作者的他人的观点的态度。一般情况者的态度和观点都应具有客观性，不带有感情，所以考生应注意慎选具有感彩的词汇，另外，作者一旦将某种观点表达成立，就说明他对该事件是充分关注的，因此，诸如indifferent这类词汇不入选。①Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegsliponyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.这两个句子都是通过and把一个祈使句和陈述句连接组成的并列句式。在这样的句子结构中，前面的就如：Missanotherclassandyoullfail.（你再缺一次课就会不及格的。②Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisntclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.t该句主干是While...,it clearthat...，其中“it”是形式主语后接that引导的主语句子。前面tnecessary和manyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations；破折号中的部分是前一个分句的语，举例说明warnings的具体内容。而many后省略了warnings。③Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhosemendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneedwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossible句子主干是…,theAmericanLawInstitute...issuednewguidelines...the影响”如：Theweightofevidenceisinhisfavour（很大分量上是有利于他的）；tort是法律用语，指民①Nowthetideappearstobe②Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaof外面是一个的世界。迈门时，你可能会滑倒在门垫上，而摔伤一条腿。点燃炉灶时，你可能么一场成功的或以补偿你所受的。这种想法大约自20世纪80年代初开始，那时陪审团如今，活梯上贴着几英寸长的警告，除了其他警告事项外，还警告你可能会摔下来，简直是莫名其妙！育公司朱利·尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场比赛中——一群说话举足轻重的、、学者——发布了新的法指导原则，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能遇到的的（长难句③）康奈尔大学法学院一位适中的目标能够实现，产品上提供的警示信息就不再是为回避而设，而是为保护消费者利益而提Passage①customizevt.②intranetn.局域网，企