当代物流学第九版第一单元教学

CHAPTER1LogisticsandtheSupplyChain物流与供应链管理第一章物流与供应链管理HowmuchdoyouknowaboutLogisticsandtheSupplyChain？CONTENTSOFCHAPTER1Section1EconomicImpactsofLogisticsSection2Logistics:WhatItIsSection3TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsSection4TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogisticsSection5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirmSection6MarketingChannelsSection7ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannelSection8LogisticsCareersSummaryKeyTermsQuestionsforDiscussionandReview第一章目录第一章目录第一节物流对经济的影响第二节物流是什么第三节物流日益增长的重要性第四节物流系统方法和总成本方法第五节公司内部的物流关系第六节营销渠道第七节物流渠道中的活动第八节物流职业本章小结重要术语、讨论和复习题LearningObjectives1Tolearnthedefinitionoflogistics2Tounderstandtheeconomicimportanceoflogistics3Tolearnofrecenteventsandtheirinfluencesonlogisticspractices4Togainanunderstandingoflogisticspracticeswithinafirm5Tolearndifferentpricingpolicies6Toknowaboutlogisticscareers本章学习目标第一章学习目标1理解物流的定义2理解物流的经济重要性3了解最新事件及它们对物流实践的影响4理解公司内的物流实践5了解不同的定价策略6了解物流职业Section1EconomicImpactsofLogistics物流对经济的影响第一节物流对经济的影响Lookatthispicture,whatdoyouthinkabouttheeconomicimpactsoflogistics?EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMacroeconomicImpacts:

MicroeconomicImpacts:

Animportantcomponentinanycountry’seconomyPlayanimportantroleinanation’seconomicgrowthanddevelopment第一节物流对经济的影响CanaffectindividualconsumerssuchasyouEconomicImpactsofLogisticsMicroeconomicImpactsofindividualcanbeillustratedthroughtheconceptofeconomicutility.Economicutilityisthevalueorusefulnessofaproductinfulfillingcustomerneedsorwants.第一节物流对经济的影响物流对微观经济中个体的影响可以用经济效用的概念加以解释。EconomicUtilityEconomicUtilityPossessionUtilityFormUtilityPlaceUtilityTimeUtility拥有效用形式效用地点效用时间效用第一节物流对经济的影响PossessionUtilityThevalueorusefulnessthatcomesfromacustomerbeingabletotakepossessionofaproduct.Youtakepossessionofthefarmbyleasing,butyoudonothavetherightofownership.第一节物流对经济的影响FormUtilityAproductisbeinginaformthat(1)canbeusedbythecustomerand(2)isofvaluetothecustomer第一节节物物流对对经济济的影影响Youneedonlyacupofmilk,buttheshoponlysalesmorethantenboxesoncetime.Doesthemilkintherightformforyou?PlaceUtilityHavingproductsavailablewheretheyareneededbycustomers,productsaremovedfrompointsoflesservaluetopointsofgreatervalue.第一节节物物流对对经济济的影影响Howcanyoubuytheproducts,ifthefactorystandsinGuangdongprovinceandyouliveinNanchang?TimeUtilityHavingproductsavailablewhentheyareneededbycustomers第一节节物物流对对经济济的影影响ThericeisusuallyreapedatJulyandOctober,butwehavetoeateverymonth.LogisticsEconomicUtility第一节物物流对经济济的影响createLogisticsPlaceUtilityTimeUtilityFormUtilitywarehousetransportallocationSummaryofSection1EconomicImpactsofLogisticsMacroeconomicImpactsMicroeconomicImpactsEconomicUtilityPossessionUtilityFormUtilityPlaceUtilityTimeUtility第一节物物流对经济济的影响物流对经济济的影响包包括：宏观经济济方面的的影响微观经济济方面的的影响：：可以用用经济效效用进行行解释。。经济效效用包括括拥有效效用、形形式效用用、地点点效用、、时间效效用。SummaryofSection1Now,canyoutellmehowlogisticsimpactonnationalandindividualeconomy?Showyouranswers.第一节物物流对对经济的的影响Section2Logistics:WhatItIs物流是什什么第二节物物流是是什么Logistics:WhatItIsCanyoudefinewhatlogisticsis?第二节物物流是是什么Section2Logistics:WhatItIs1Since1980,Logisticshasbeenreferredtobyanumberofdifferentterms:第二节物物流是是什么BusinesslogisticsDistributionIndustrialdistributionLogisticsLogisticsmanagementMaterialsmanagementPhysicaldistributionSupplychainmanagementTheyaresimilar,butnotthesameSection2Logistics:WhatItIs2CSCMPdefinedlogisticsas:Thisauthoritativedefinitionwasadoptedbymanytextbooks.第二节物物流是是什么“Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirements.”Section2Logistics:WhatItIs2美国国供应链链管理专专业协会会关于物物流的定定义:这个权威定义义被许多教材材采纳。第二节物流流是什么物流是供应链链管理的一部部分，它以满满足顾客需求求为目标，对对从起始点到到消费点的产产品、服务以以及相关信息息的正向、逆逆向流动和存存储进行有效效率的、有效效果的计划、、实施和控制制。LogisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainmanagementMeanslogisticscanaffecthowwellorhowpoorlyanindividualfirmanditsassociatedsupplychaincanachievegoalsandobjectives.第二节物流流是什么物流是供应链链管理的一部部分，意味着着物流会影响响到单个企业业以及它相关关的供应链会会多好或多糟糟糕的实现其其目标。Plans,implements,andcontrolsMeanslogisticsinvolvedtheallthreeactivitiesbutnotjustoneortwo.第二节物流流是什么计划、实施和和控制意味着着物流包括这这三项活动，，而不是其中中的一项或两两项。Theefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageEffectivenessmeanshowwellacompanydoeswhattheysaythey’regoingtodo.Efficientmeanshowwellorpoorlycompanyresourcesareusedtoachievewhatcompanypromisesitcando.第二节物流流是什么效果是指公司承诺诺要做的事情情做得怎么样样？效率是指公司为了了做到公司许许诺的事情，，其资源是多多么好或多么么糟糕地被使使用。ForwardandreverseflowandstorageForwardlogisticsisthosedirecttowardthepointofconsumption.Reverselogisticsisthoseoriginateatthepointofconsumption.第二节节物物流是是什么么正向的的物流流是指指向消消费点点的流流动和和存储储，逆逆向的的物流流是从从消费费点开开始的的流动动和存存储。。Goods,services,andrelatedinformationInthecontemporarybusinessenvironment,logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.第二节物物流是什么么在当代商业业环境中，，物流中信信息的流动动和存储与与货物的流流动和存储储同样多。Tomeetcustomers’requirementsIt’simportantforseveralreasons.One,acustomerfocusiseasybutcommunicatingwithcustomersishardforcompanies.Second,differentcustomershavedifferentlogisticalneedsandwants.Socompaniesshouldconsidertailoredlogisticsapproachesbutnotmasslogisticsapproaches.第二节物物流是什么么以顾客需求求为目标很很重要。因因为，第一一以顾客为为中心容易易但真正与与顾客良好好沟通难；；第二不同同的顾客有有不同的物物流需要，，因此企业业应考虑剪裁式物流流而非大量物流Tailoredlogisticsapproaches,MasslogisticsapproachesTailoredlogisticsapproachesGroupsofcustomerswithsimilarlogisticalneedsandwantsareprovidedwithlogisticsserviceappropriatetotheseneedsandwants.MasslogisticsapproachesAone-size-fits-alllogisticsapproach,inwhicheverycustomergetsthesametypeandlevelsoflogisticsservice.SummaryofSection2Whatislogistics“Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’requirements.”第二节物物流是什么么物流是供应应链管理的的一部分，，它以满足足顾客需求求为目标，，对从起始始点到消费费点的产品品、服务以以及相关信信息的正向向、逆向流流动和存储储进行有效效率的、有有效果的计计划、实施施和控制。。SummaryofSection2Now,canyoutellmewhatlogisticsis?Writedownyouranswerandexplain.第二节物物流是什么么Section3TheIncreasedImportanceofLogistics物流日益增增长的重要要性第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsWhylogisticsbecamemoreandmoreimportant?第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性TheIncreasedImportanceofLogisticsAReductioninEconomicRegulationGlobalizationofTradeTheGrowingPowerofRetailersTechnologicalAdvancesChangesinConsumerBehaviorKeyreasons第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性重要原因：：经济管制制的放松、、消费者行行为的改变变、技术进进步、零售售商权力的的增大、贸易的全球球化1AReductioninEconomicRegulation第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性Allowedindividualcarriersflexibilityinpricingandservice允许承运人人弹性定价价和服务放松对承运运人的行政政控制Relaxedgovernmentcontrolofcarriers’ratesandfares,entryandexit,mergersandacquisitions,andmore1AReductioninEconomicRegulationProvidedcompanieswiththeabilitytoimplementthetailoredlogisticsapproach.Allowedlargebuyersoftransportationservicestoreducetheirtransportationcostsbyleveraginglargeamountsoffreightwithalimitednumberofcarriers.第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性允许承运人人弹性定价价和服务，，一方面让让企业能够够实施剪裁裁式物流，，另一方面面允许大型型的运输服服务购买者者在有限的的几个承运运人之间平平衡运费。。2ChangesinConsumerBehaviorChangesinConsumerBehaviormarketdemassificationchangingfamilyrolesrisingcustomerexpectationsSuchchangeshaveimportantlogisticalimplications.第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性市场细分化化、不断改改变的家庭庭角色、不不断增加的的顾客期望望等顾客行行为的变化化具有重要要的物流意意义3TechnologicalAdvancesHavehadprofoundinfluencesforbusinessmanagementandlogistics：第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性TechnologicalAdvancesofComputerhardware,softwareandcapacityfacilitatelogisticalactivities.Internetisapowerfultoolforimprovinglogisticaleffectivenessandefficiency.4TheGrowingPowerofRetailers第三三节节物物流流日日益益增增长长的的重重要要性性Powerretailersoftenwieldgreaterpowerthanthecompaniesthatsupplythem.Manypowerretailersrecognizesuperiorlogisticsasanessentialcomponentoftheircorporatestrategies.Wouldyoulistsomecompanieswhoispowerretailer?ThinkaboutWhoispowerretailer?Wal-MartCarrefourRT-MARTAMcDonald's第三三节节物物流流日日益益增增长长的的重重要要性性5GlobalizationofTradeInternationallogisticsismuchmorechallengingandcostlythandomesticlogistics.Why?第三三节节物物流流日日益益增增长长的的重重要要性性SummaryofSection3Keyreasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogistics1AReductioninEconomicRegulation2ChangesinConsumerBehavior3TechnologicalAdvances4TheGrowingPowerofRetailers5GlobalizationofTrade第三节物物流日益增增长的重要要性物流越来越越重要的主主要原因：：经济管制制的放松、、消费者行行为的改变变、技术进进步、零售售商权力的的增大、贸易的全球球化SummaryofSection3Now,wouldyouexplainwhylogisticsbecamemoreandmoreimportant?Discussyouropinionswithyourclassmates.第三节物流流日益增长的的重要性Section4TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogistics物流的系统方方法和总成本本方法第四节物流流的系统方法法和总成本方方法TheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogistics1SystemsApproachindicatesthatacompany’sobjectivescanberealizedbyrecognizingthemutualinterdependenceofthemajorfunctionalareasofthefirm.第四节物流流的系统方法法和总成本方方法MajorfunctionsofafirmMarketingProductionFinanceLogistics1SystemsApproachGoalsofafirmMarketinggoalsProductiongoalsFinancegoalsLogisticsgoals第四节物流流的系统方法法和总成本方方法interdependence各职能目标与与总目标，各各职能目标之之间及内部均均会互相作用用1SystemsApproachExample:SatisfyingcustomerneedsandwantsthenumberofStock-keepingunits(SKUs)第四节节物物流的的系统统方法法和总总成本本方法法满足顾顾客需需求最小存存货单单位数数量1SystemsApproach第四节节物物流的的系统统方法法和总总成本本方法法LogisticsInboundlogisticsMaterialsmanagementPhysicaldistributionmaterialsintoafirmMaterialsandcomponentswithinafirmFinishedproducttocustomerMovementandstorage物流包包括内内向物物流、、物料料管理理、分分销配配送2TotalCostApproach总成成本方方法第四节节物物流的的系统统方法法和总总成本本方法法Builtonthepremisethatallrelevantactivitiesinmovingandstoringproductsshouldbeconsideredasawhole.TheuseofthisapproachrequiresanunderstandingofCosttrade-offs总成本本方法法的前前提是是所有有与移移动和和存储储产品品相关关的活活动应应该被被看作作是一一个整整体。。该方方法的的使用用需理理解成本本权权衡衡的概概念念。。2TotalCostApproach总总成成本本方方法法Costtrade-offs:changestooneactivitycausesomecoststoincreaseandotherstodecrease第四四节节物物流流的的系系统统方方法法和和总总成成本本方方法法成本本权权衡衡是指指一一个个物物流流活活动动的的变变化化会会导导致致一一些些成成本本的的增增加加，，而而另另一一些些成成本本的的减减少少。。2TotalCostApproach总总成成本本方方法法第四四节节物物流流的的系系统统方方法法和和总总成成本本方方法法Thekeytothetotalcostapproachisthatallrelevantcostitemsareconsideredsimultaneouslywhenmakingadecision.Theobjectiveistofindtheapproachwiththelowesttotalcostthesupportsanorganization’’scustomerservicerequirement.总成本方方法的关关键是在在制定决决策时，，同时考考虑所有有相关成成本项目目，目的的是以最最低的总总成本找找到支持持公司的的顾客服服务要求求的方法法。SummaryofSection4UnderstandTheSystemsandTotalCostApproachestoLogisticsSystemsApproach系系统统方方法法TotalCostApproach总总成成本本方方法法Costtrade-offs成成本本权权衡衡第四四节节物物流流的的系系统统方方法法和和总总成成本本方方法法SummaryofSection4Now,haveyouunderstandSystemsApproachandTotalCostApproachinlogistics?Trytoexpressyourunderstanding.第四四节节物物流流的的系系统统方方法法和和总总成成本本方方法法Section5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm公司司内内部部的的物物流流关关系系第五五节节公公司司内内部部的的物物流流关关系系Doyouremember?GoalsofafirmMarketinggoalsProductiongoalsFinancegoalsLogisticsgoalsinterdependence第五五节节公公司司内内部部的的物物流流关关系系各职职能能目目标标与与总总目目标标，，各各职职能能目目标标之之间间及及内内部部均均会会互互相相作作用用。。LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm第五节公公司内部的的物流关系系LogisticsFinanceMarketingproductionRelationships关系1Financelogisticaldecisionsareonlyasgoodasthequalityofcostdatawithwhichtheyareworking.第五节公公司内部的的物流关系系logisticsinterfaceswithfinanceareaCapitalbudgetingdecisionsInventoryInventoryassetInventoryvalueInventoryfloat资金预算决决策库存物流部门经经常与财务务部门打交交道，部分分原因是物物流决策完完全取决于于财务部门门处理的成成本数据的的质量。2Marketinglogisticsstrategiescanfacilitatecustomersatisfactionthroughreducingthecostofproducts,whichcantranslateintolowerpricesaswellasbringingabroadervarietyofchoicesclosertowherethecustomerwishestobuyorusetheproduct.第五节公司司内部的物流流关系物流策略可以以通过降低产产品成本来提提高顾客满意意度，即不仅仅提供更低的的价格，而且且在顾客希望望购买或使用用的地点将多多种选择提供供给顾客。2MarketingOutboundlogisticscanbeapositive(ornegative)marketingasset,withkeyrelationshipsbetweenoutboundlogisticsandthefourprimarycomponentsofthemarketingmix.第五五节节公公司司内内部部的的物物流流关关系系marketingmixPlacePriceProductPromotion营销销组组合合：：地地点点、、价价格格、、产产品品、、促促销销MarketingmixPlaceDecisions第五五节节公公司司内内部部的的物物流流关关系系Fromlogisticsperspective:Frommarketingperspective:reachingcustomersThemosteffectivewaytomoveandstoretheproduct物流关注产品品以最有效率率的方式移动动和储存；市市场营销关注注接近顾客MarketingmixPriceDecisionsControllogisticscostsespeciallytransportationcostsbyusingpricingmethods.第五节公司司内部的物流流关系MostcommonpricingmethodsFOBoriginpricingsystemsFOBdestinationpricingsystems最常见的两种种定价方法：：装运港船上上交货定价系系统和目的港港船上交货定定价系统FOBoriginpricingsystemsFOBoriginpricedoesnotincludeanytransportationcostsThepurchaserisresponsiblefortheselectionofthetransportationmode(s)andcarrier(s)EasyforthesellertoadministerSelleryieldssamenetfromeachsale.DifficulttoadoptuniformretailpricesLandedcostsaredifferent装运港船上上交货定价价系统的报报价中不包包括任何运运输成本。。买方负责责选择运输输方式和承承运人。优优点是卖方方容易管理理，而且每每笔销售获获得相同收收益。缺点点是：由于于抵岸成本本不同，难难以制定统统一的零售售价格。FOBdestinationpricingsystemsFOBdestinationpriceincludesboththepriceoftheproductandthetransportationcostThesellerhastheprerogativetoselecttransportationmode(s)andcarrier(s)Eachpurchaserendsupwiththesamelandedcost.目的港船上上交货定价价系统的报报价中同时时包括产品品价格和运运输成本。。卖方负责责选择运输输方式和承承运人。买买方的抵岸岸成本相同同。FOBdestinationpricingsystemsPhantomfreight:buyerslocatedcloserthanaveragepaymorethantheirshareoffreightcharges.Freightabsorption:buyerslocatedfurtherthanaveragepaylowerfreightchargesthanthesellerincursinshipping虚假运费是指指比平均距离离短的买方支支付了比其应应付运费更多多的费用。运运费吸收是指指比平均距离离更远的买方方实际支付的的费用低于卖卖方的运送费费用。FOBdestinationpricingsystemsAdvantages:EnablesacompanytoexpandthegeographicareaEasiertoapplyauniformretailpriceThesellercontrolsthelogisticsnetwork目的港FOB的优点，扩扩展了产品销销售的地理范范围，易于实实行统一的零零售价，卖方方控制物流网网络。FOBdestinationpricingsystemsDrawbacks:Thevariousdistributionactivitiesandthetrade-offsamongthemcannotbeunderstandinashortperiodoftimeThebuyerswholocatedclosertothesellersubsidizethetransportationcostofthefurtherones.目的港FOB的缺点：认认识不同配送送活动和它们们之间的权衡衡不是短时间间内可以实现现的，离卖方方较近的公司司补贴了那些些离卖方较远远公司的运费费。MarketingmixProductDecisions第五节公司司内部的物流流关系NumberofproductofferingsAmountofparticularSKUstoholdProductdesignHowdotheyinterfaceproductdecisionsbetweenmarketingandlogistics?MarketingmixPromotionDecisionsRequireclosecoordinationbetweenmarketingandlogistics.AvailabilityofhighlyadvertisedproductsHavinganewproductinplaceonthescheduledreleasedate––notearlier,notlater.第五节公司司内部的物流流关系许多促销决策策需要营销与与物流的紧密密协调。比如如：大力宣传传的产品的可可获得性，新新产品按计划划日期（不提提前，不推迟迟）供货。3ProductionThemostcommoninterfacebetweenproductionandlogisticsinvolves:ThelengthofproductionrunsPostponement第五节公司司内部的物流流关系生产过程的长长短生产延迟productionrunsPostponementlongshortlatesttimeatplantproductionlogisticsSummaryofSection5LogisticalRelationshipswithintheFirm1Finance2MarketingMarketingmix3Production第五节节公公司内内部的的物流流关系系SummaryofSection5Now,haveyouunderstandthelogisticsrelationshipswithfinance,marketingandproduction?Trytoexpressyourunderstanding.第五节节公公司内内部的的物流流关系系Section6MarketingChannels营销渠渠道第六节节营营销渠渠道MarketingChannels“setsofinterdependentorganizationsinvolvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumption.””第六节节营营销渠渠道营销渠渠道可可以看看做是是相互互依赖赖的组组织的的集合合。这这些组组织共共同参参与使使得产产品或或服务务可供供消费费者使使用的的流程程。MarketingChannelsMembersofMarketingChannelsManufacturersWholesalersRetailersChannelIntermediaries第六节节营营销渠渠道营销渠渠道成成员主主要有有：制制造商商、批批发商商、零零售商商和渠渠道中中介MarketingChannelsMarketingChannelsOwnershipchannelNegotiationschannelFinancingchannelPromotionschannelLogisticschannel第六节节营营销渠渠道营销渠渠道包包括：：所有有权渠渠道，，协商商渠道道，财财务渠渠道，，促销销渠道道和物物流渠渠道。。MarketingChannelsOwnershipchannelAssumesownershipandassociatedrisksoftheinventoryofgoodsNegotiationschannelBuyandsellagreementsarereachedFinancingchannelPaymentsforgoodsPromotionschannelPromotinganeworexistingproductLogisticschannelMovingandstoringproductthroughoutthechannel第六节节营营销渠渠道各个渠渠道的的功能能ChannelIntermediaries/FacilitatorsOwnershipchannelBanks,publicwarehousesNegotiationschannelBrokersFinancingchannelBanks,insurancecompaniesPromotionschannelAdvertisingagencies,publicrelationsagenciesLogisticschannelFreightforwarders各个个渠渠道道中中的的渠渠道道中中介介第六六节节营营销销渠渠道道SummaryofSection6DefinitionofMarketingChannelsMembersofMarketingChannelsMarketingChannelsinclude:Ownershipchannel,Negotiationschannel,Financingchannel,Promotionschannel,LogisticschannelChannelIntermediaries/Facilitators第六节节营营销渠渠道SummaryofSection6Now,howmuchdoyouknowaboutmarketingchannels?Listthemembersofaparticularmarketingchannel,andintroduceitsfunctions.第六节节营营销渠渠道Section7ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel物流渠渠道中中的活活动第七节节物物流渠渠道中中的活活动ActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel第七节节物物流渠渠道中中的活活动CustomerserviceDemandforecastingFacilitylocationdecisionsIndustrialpackagingInventorymanagementMaterialshandlingOrdermanagementPartsandservicesupportProductionschedulingProcurementReturnedproductsSalvageandscrapdisposalTransportationmanagementWarehousingmanagementActivitiesintheLogisticalChannel第七节节物物流渠渠道中中的活活动Customerservice顾客服务Demandforecasting需求预测Facilitylocationdecisions设施选址决策Industrialpackaging工业包装Inventorymanagement库存管理Materialshandling物料搬运Ordermanagement订单管理Partsandservicesupport零配件和服务支持Productionscheduling生产作业计划Procurement采购Returnedproducts退货Salvageandscrapdisposal残料和废料处理Transportationmanagement运输管理Warehousingmanagement仓储管理Section8LogisticsCareers物流职职业第八节节物物流职职业LogisticsCareersAsageneralist,thelogisticianMustunderstandthefunctionalrelationships,bothwithinandoutsidethefirmAsaspecialist,thelogisticianMustunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenvariouslogisticsactivitiesmusthavetechnicalknowledgeofthevariouslogisticsactivities第八节节物物流职职业物流师师既是是通才才又是是专才才LogisticsCareersLogistics-relatedjobs:LogisticsanalystConsultantCustomerservicemanagerLogisticsengineerPurchasingmanagerTransportationmanagerWarehouseoperationsmanager第八节节物物流职职业与物流流相关关的工工作Doyouknowwhotheyare?第八节节物物流职职业Right:LeeScott,CEOofWal-Martfrom2000to2009Left:MikeDuke,CEOofWal-Martsince2009Theybothbegancareersinthelogisticsarea.SummaryofChapter1ThedefinitionpromulgatedbyCSCMPTheeconomicimpactsoflogisticsReasonsfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticssince1980.SystemsandtotalcostapproachestologisticsLogisticsrelationshipswithinafirmVariousinterfacesbetweenmarketingandlogisticsAbriefdescriptionofanumberoflogisticsactivitiesAbrieflookatlogisticscareers第一章章小小结KeyTermsChannelintermediaries渠渠道道中介介Cashflow现现金流流Co-branding联联合品品牌Costtrade-offs成成本权衡Economicutility经经济效用用FIFO先先进先出出FOBoriginpricingsystems装运运港船上交交货定价FOBdestinationpricingsystems目目的港船上上交货定价价第一章重重要术语KeyTermsFormutility形形式效用用Freightabsorption费用用吸收Inventoryfloat库库存浮动Inventoryturnover库存存周转Landedcosts抵抵岸成本本LIFO后后进先出出long-termfinancing长长期筹资Marketingchannel营销渠渠道Phantomfreight虚虚假运费Placeutility地点效效用第一章重重要术语KeyTermsPossessionutility拥有有效用postponement延延迟Reverselogistics逆向物物流Short-termfinancing短短期筹资资Supplychain供供应链Stock-keepingunits(SKUs)最小小存货单位位Stockouts缺货Systemsapproach系系统方法法Timeutility时时间效用用Totalcostapproach总总成本方法法第一章重重要术语QuestionsforDiscussionandReview1.Diditsurpriseyouthatlogisticscanbesuchanimportantcomponentinacountry’seconomicsystem?Whyorwhynot?2.Howdoeslogisticscontributetotimeandplaceutility?3.Howcanaparticularlogisticssystembeeffectivebutnotefficient?4.Explainthesignificanceofthefactthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.5.Discussthreereasonsforwhylogisticshasbecomemoreimportantsince1980.第一章讨论论和复习题QuestionsforDiscussionandReview6.Whichreasonfortheincreasedimportanceoflogisticsdoyoubelieveismostimportant?Why?7.Whatisthesystemsapproachtoproblemsolving?Howisthisconceptapplicabletologisticsmanagement?8.Brieflydiscusseachofthefourbasicaspectsofthemarketingmixandhoweachinterfaceswiththelogisticsfunction.Inyouropinion,whichcomponentofthemarketingmixrepresentsthemostimportantinterfacewithlogistics?Why?9.Brieflydiscusstheownership,negotiations,financing,promotion,andlogisticschannel.第一一章章讨讨论论和和复复习习题题THEENDOFCHAPTER1ThanksforYourCooperation9、