财务会计-第一章the-financial-statements课件

1-1TheFinancialStatementsChapter11-1TheFinancialStatementsC1-2LearningObjective1Useaccountingvocabulary.1-2LearningObjective1Usea1-3AccountingLanguage

Accountingisaninformationsystemthat:

MeasuresbusinessactivitiesProcessdataintoreports(financialstatements)Communicatesresultstodecisionmakers1-3AccountingLanguage

Accou1-4AccountingLanguageFinancialStatements: FinancialinformationaboutabusinessentitythatispreparedinasystematicreportformatthatcanbeusedbydecisionmakerstomakedecisionsIncomeStatementBalanceSheetStatementofCashFlow1-4AccountingLanguageFinanc1-5TheFlowofAccountingInformation3.Businessesreporttheirresults.2.Businesstransactionsoccur.1.Peoplemakedecisions.1-5TheFlowofAccountingIn1-6IndividualsUsersofFinancialStatementsInvestorsandcreditorsGovernmentregulatoryagenciesNon-profitorganizationsTaxAuthorities1-6IndividualsUsersofFinan1-7FinancialAccountingSummarizebusinesstransactionsofbusinessentityforaspecifiedperiodUsers ExternaldecisionmakersInformationmust: Bepresentedinsystematicreports meetGAAPstandardsforrelevanceandreliability1-7FinancialAccountingSumma1-8ManagementAccountingFinancialandoperatingdataaboutanorganization’sactivities,processes,operatingunitsproductsservicesandcustomersUsers-internaldecisionmakersInformation -cangeneratedusingassumptions -Futureoriented -notgovernedbyGAAP1-8ManagementAccountingFina1-9EthicsinAccountingInformationmustbe:RelevantInformationhaspredictiveorfeedbackvalueCaninfluenceadecisionTimelyReliableInformationisverifiableInformationmustbeobjective1-9EthicsinAccountingInfor1-10EthicsinAccountingIntegrityisbuiltinfinancialaccountingasfollows:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAP)AuditsoffinancialstatementsSecuritiescommissionsInternalControlStructureAccountingStandardsBoardoftheCanadianInstituteofCharteredAccountants1-10EthicsinAccountingInte1-11EthicsinAccountingandBusinessStandardsofprofessionalconductforaccountantsSelf-regulatingbodiesofaccountantsCICACGAACSMAC1-11EthicsinAccountingand1-12ProprietorshipsPartnershipsCorporationsHowtoOrganizeaBusiness1-12ProprietorshipsPartnersh1-13CorporationsStocksShareholdersCanadianBusinessCorporationActBoardofDirectorsChiefOperatingOfficers,Presidents,Managers1-13CorporationsStocksShareh1-14HowtoDoAccounting:

PrinciplesandConceptsTherulesthatgovernaccountingarecalledGAAP(generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples).Accountantsfollowprofessionalguidelines.1-14HowtoDoAccounting:

Pr1-15GAAPCICAHandbook:officialsourceofGAAP;sanctionedbyfederalandprovincialgovernmentsandtheCanadianSecuritiesAdministratorsAccountingStandardsBoard(AcSB)PublicSectorAccountingStandardsBoardEmergingIssuesCommittee(EIC)InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)1-15GAAPCICAHandbook:offic1-16InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)IASBischargedwithsetting

InternationalFinancialReportingStandards(IFRSs)CanadianGAAPwillconvergewithIFRSs1styearforreportingunderIFRS-basedstandardswillbe20111-16InternationalAccounting1-17LearningObjective2Learnaccountingconceptsandprinciples.1-17LearningObjective2Lear1-18ConceptualFrameworkInformationmustbeusefulfordecisionmakersRelevanceReliabilityComparabilityUnderstandabilityGAAP1-18ConceptualFrameworkInf1-19GAAPRequirementsforFinancialInformationGAAPrequires:businessentityconceptcostprinciplegoingconcernassumptionobjectivityprincipleadequatedisclosurestabledollarassumption1-19GAAPRequirementsforFi1-20TheBusinessEntityConceptAnaccountingentityisanorganizationthatstandsapartasaseparateeconomicunit.1-20TheBusinessEntityConc1-21Assetsandservicesacquiredshouldberecordedattheiractual(historical)cost.TheCostPrinciple1-21Assetsandservicesacqu1-22TheGoing-ConcernConceptTheentitywillcontinuetooperateintheforeseeablefuture.1-22TheGoing-ConcernConcep1-23(1)areverifiableand(2)canbeconfirmedbyanindependentobserver.TheObjectivityPrincipleReliabledata...1-23(1)(2)TheObjectivityPr1-24AdequateDisclosureFinancialstatementsshouldbeaccompaniedbyanyinformationnecessaryforthestatementstobeinterpretedproperly.1-24AdequateDisclosureFinan1-25TheStable-Monetary-UnitConceptThedollar’spurchasingpowerisrelativelystable.1-25TheStable-Monetary-Unit1-26LearningObjective3Applytheaccountingequationtobusinessorganizations.1-26LearningObjective3Appl1-27TheAccountingEquationEconomicResources=ClaimstoEconomicResourcesAssets=Liabilities+Owners’Equity1-27TheAccountingEquationE1-28TheAccountingEquationAssetsOwners’EquityLiabilitiesAssets=Liabilities+Owners’Equity1-28TheAccountingEquationA1-29TheAccountingEquationAssetsaretheeconomicresourcesofabusinessthatareexpectedtoproduceabenefitinthefuture.Liabilities

are“outsiderclaims”oreconomicobligationspayabletooutsiders.Owners’equityrepresentsthe“insiderclaims”ofabusiness.1-29TheAccountingEquationA1-30TheAccountingEquationForacorporation,shareholders’equityisdividedintotwomaincategories.ContributedcapitalRetainedearningsAssets=Liabilities+Shareholders’equityAssets=Liabilities+Contributedcapital+Retainedearnings1-30TheAccountingEquationF1-31TheAccountingEquationContributedcapitalistheamountinvestedinthecorporationbyitsowners.Thebasiccomponentofcontributedcapitaliscommonshares.Retainedearningsistheamountearnedbyincome-producingactivitiesandkeptforuseinthebusiness.1-31TheAccountingEquationC1-32TheAccountingEquation:

NetincomeRevenuesareincreasesinretainedearningsfromdeliveringgoodsorservicestocustomers.Expensesaredecreasesinretainedearningsthatresultfromoperations.1-32TheAccountingEquation:1-33ComponentsofRetainedEarningsRevenuesfortheperiod–Expensesfortheperiod=Netincome(orNetloss)fortheperiodDividendsfortheperiodEndingbalanceofretainedearningsEndoftheperiodStartoftheperiodBeginningbalanceofretainedearnings+or––=1-33ComponentsofRetainedE1-34LearningObjective4Evaluatebusinessoperations.1-34LearningObjective4Eval1-35TheFinancialStatementsThefinancialstatementsareapictureofthecompanyinfinancialterms.Eachfinancialstatementrelatestoaspecificdateorcoversaparticularperiod.1-35TheFinancialStatements1-36InformationReportedontheFinancialStatements1.Howwelldidthecompanyperform(oroperate)duringtheperiod?

Revenues–ExpensesNetincome(Netloss)IncomestatementQuestionAnswerFinancialStatement2.Whydidthecompany’sretainedearningschangeduringtheperiod?BeginningRetainedEarnings+Netincome(or–Netloss)-Dividends=EndingR.E.StatementofRetainedEarnings1-36InformationReportedon1-37InformationReportedontheFinancialStatements3.Whatisthecompany’sfinancialpositionattheendoftheperiod?Assets=Liabilities+Owners’equityBalancesheetQuestionAnswerFinancialStatement4.Howmuchcashdidthecompanygenerateandspendduringtheperiod?Operatingcashflows±Investingcashflows±FinancingcashflowsIncreaseordecreaseincashCashflowstatement1-37InformationReportedon1-38TheBalanceSheet:

MeasuringOperatingPerformanceThebalancesheetorstatementoffinancialposition

reportsthecompany’sassets,liabilitiesandowner’sequityasofaspecificdate.1-38TheBalanceSheet:

Measu1-39TheIncomeStatement:

MeasuringOperatingPerformanceTheincomestatement,statementofoperations,orstatementofearnings

reportsthecompany’srevenues,expenses,andnetincomeornetlossfortheperiod.1-39TheIncomeStatement:

Me1-40TheCashFlowStatementThecashflowstatementreportsthecompany’scashinflowsandoutflowsfromoperating,investing,andfinancingactivities.1-40TheCashFlowStatementT1-41LearningObjective5Usefinancialstatements.1-41LearningObjective5Use1-42RelationshipsAmongthe

FinancialStatementsIncomeStatement–NetIncomeStatementofRetainedEarnings-AddnetincomeBalanceSheet-ReportretainedearningsCashFlowStatement-Reportcashbalancefrombalancesheet1-42RelationshipsAmongthe1-43StartingaBusiness

Example:HotDogVendorOwner(s)providethefundsThesefundsareusedbythemanagersofthecompanytobuyEquipmentInventoryOtherAssets1-43StartingaBusiness1-44HotdogBusinessDetermineBusinessStructure: -proprietorship -partnership -corporation1-44HotdogBusinessDetermine1-45HotdogBusinessAdministrativeRequirementsRegisterbusinesswithlocalbusinessauthoritiesRegisterbusinesswithtaxauthorities-ObtainGST/PST/IncometaxaccountsContactlawyertosetupbusinessContactexternalaccountant1-45HotdogBusinessAdministr1-46HotdogVendorManagersdevelopplans&setgoalsMakeaprofitSellahighqualityproductSetsellingpricetoenableprofit1-46HotdogVendorManagersde1-47HotdogBusinessBusinessdecisionsthatmustbemadebeforeyouopen:WheretolocateyourhotdogstandHowmanystandsWillyouhireemployeesHoursofoperationAdvertisingContactsuppliersFinancingrequirements1-47HotdogBusiness1-48HotDogBusinessAsthebusinessoperates:Goodsaresold(Revenue)ExpensesareincurredProfitisinvestedininventory,equipment,etc.Management

-PreparefinancialstatementsExternalAuditors-ReviewfinancialstatementsUsers-Usethemtomakedecisions1-48HotDogBusiness1-49EndofChapter11-49EndofChapter1态度决定一切细节影响成败谢谢您的关注！态度决定一切1-51TheFinancialStatementsChapter11-1TheFinancialStatementsC1-52LearningObjective1Useaccountingvocabulary.1-2LearningObjective1Usea1-53AccountingLanguage

Accountingisaninformationsystemthat:

MeasuresbusinessactivitiesProcessdataintoreports(financialstatements)Communicatesresultstodecisionmakers1-3AccountingLanguage

Accou1-54AccountingLanguageFinancialStatements: FinancialinformationaboutabusinessentitythatispreparedinasystematicreportformatthatcanbeusedbydecisionmakerstomakedecisionsIncomeStatementBalanceSheetStatementofCashFlow1-4AccountingLanguageFinanc1-55TheFlowofAccountingInformation3.Businessesreporttheirresults.2.Businesstransactionsoccur.1.Peoplemakedecisions.1-5TheFlowofAccountingIn1-56IndividualsUsersofFinancialStatementsInvestorsandcreditorsGovernmentregulatoryagenciesNon-profitorganizationsTaxAuthorities1-6IndividualsUsersofFinan1-57FinancialAccountingSummarizebusinesstransactionsofbusinessentityforaspecifiedperiodUsers ExternaldecisionmakersInformationmust: Bepresentedinsystematicreports meetGAAPstandardsforrelevanceandreliability1-7FinancialAccountingSumma1-58ManagementAccountingFinancialandoperatingdataaboutanorganization’sactivities,processes,operatingunitsproductsservicesandcustomersUsers-internaldecisionmakersInformation -cangeneratedusingassumptions -Futureoriented -notgovernedbyGAAP1-8ManagementAccountingFina1-59EthicsinAccountingInformationmustbe:RelevantInformationhaspredictiveorfeedbackvalueCaninfluenceadecisionTimelyReliableInformationisverifiableInformationmustbeobjective1-9EthicsinAccountingInfor1-60EthicsinAccountingIntegrityisbuiltinfinancialaccountingasfollows:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAP)AuditsoffinancialstatementsSecuritiescommissionsInternalControlStructureAccountingStandardsBoardoftheCanadianInstituteofCharteredAccountants1-10EthicsinAccountingInte1-61EthicsinAccountingandBusinessStandardsofprofessionalconductforaccountantsSelf-regulatingbodiesofaccountantsCICACGAACSMAC1-11EthicsinAccountingand1-62ProprietorshipsPartnershipsCorporationsHowtoOrganizeaBusiness1-12ProprietorshipsPartnersh1-63CorporationsStocksShareholdersCanadianBusinessCorporationActBoardofDirectorsChiefOperatingOfficers,Presidents,Managers1-13CorporationsStocksShareh1-64HowtoDoAccounting:

PrinciplesandConceptsTherulesthatgovernaccountingarecalledGAAP(generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples).Accountantsfollowprofessionalguidelines.1-14HowtoDoAccounting:

Pr1-65GAAPCICAHandbook:officialsourceofGAAP;sanctionedbyfederalandprovincialgovernmentsandtheCanadianSecuritiesAdministratorsAccountingStandardsBoard(AcSB)PublicSectorAccountingStandardsBoardEmergingIssuesCommittee(EIC)InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)1-15GAAPCICAHandbook:offic1-66InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)IASBischargedwithsetting

InternationalFinancialReportingStandards(IFRSs)CanadianGAAPwillconvergewithIFRSs1styearforreportingunderIFRS-basedstandardswillbe20111-16InternationalAccounting1-67LearningObjective2Learnaccountingconceptsandprinciples.1-17LearningObjective2Lear1-68ConceptualFrameworkInformationmustbeusefulfordecisionmakersRelevanceReliabilityComparabilityUnderstandabilityGAAP1-18ConceptualFrameworkInf1-69GAAPRequirementsforFinancialInformationGAAPrequires:businessentityconceptcostprinciplegoingconcernassumptionobjectivityprincipleadequatedisclosurestabledollarassumption1-19GAAPRequirementsforFi1-70TheBusinessEntityConceptAnaccountingentityisanorganizationthatstandsapartasaseparateeconomicunit.1-20TheBusinessEntityConc1-71Assetsandservicesacquiredshouldberecordedattheiractual(historical)cost.TheCostPrinciple1-21Assetsandservicesacqu1-72TheGoing-ConcernConceptTheentitywillcontinuetooperateintheforeseeablefuture.1-22TheGoing-ConcernConcep1-73(1)areverifiableand(2)canbeconfirmedbyanindependentobserver.TheObjectivityPrincipleReliabledata...1-23(1)(2)TheObjectivityPr1-74AdequateDisclosureFinancialstatementsshouldbeaccompaniedbyanyinformationnecessaryforthestatementstobeinterpretedproperly.1-24AdequateDisclosureFinan1-75TheStable-Monetary-UnitConceptThedollar’spurchasingpowerisrelativelystable.1-25TheStable-Monetary-Unit1-76LearningObjective3Applytheaccountingequationtobusinessorganizations.1-26LearningObjective3Appl1-77TheAccountingEquationEconomicResources=ClaimstoEconomicResourcesAssets=Liabilities+Owners’Equity1-27TheAccountingEquationE1-78TheAccountingEquationAssetsOwners’EquityLiabilitiesAssets=Liabilities+Owners’Equity1-28TheAccountingEquationA1-79TheAccountingEquationAssetsaretheeconomicresourcesofabusinessthatareexpectedtoproduceabenefitinthefuture.Liabilities

are“outsiderclaims”oreconomicobligationspayabletooutsiders.Owners’equityrepresentsthe“insiderclaims”ofabusiness.1-29TheAccountingEquationA1-80TheAccountingEquationForacorporation,shareholders’equityisdividedintotwomaincategories.ContributedcapitalRetainedearningsAssets=Liabilities+Shareholders’equityAssets=Liabilities+Contributedcapital+Retainedearnings1-30TheAccountingEquationF1-81TheAccountingEquationContributedcapitalistheamountinvestedinthecorporationbyitsowners.Thebasiccomponentofcontributedcapitaliscommonshares.Retainedearningsistheamountearnedbyincome-producingactivitiesandkeptforuseinthebusiness.1-31TheAccountingEquationC1-82TheAccountingEquation:

NetincomeRevenuesareincreasesinretainedearningsfromdeliveringgoodsorservicestocustomers.Expensesaredecreasesinretainedearningsthatresultfromoperations.1-32TheAccountingEquation:1-83ComponentsofRetainedEarningsRevenuesfortheperiod–Expensesfortheperiod=Netincome(orNetloss)fortheperiodDividendsfortheperiodEndingbalanceofretainedearningsEndoftheperiodStartoftheperiodBeginningbalanceofretainedearnings+or––=1-33ComponentsofRetainedE1-84LearningObjective4Evaluatebusinessoperations.1-34LearningObjective4Eval1-85TheFinancialStatementsThefinancialstatementsareapictureofthecompanyinfinancialterms.Eachfinancialstatementrelatestoaspecificdateorcoversaparticularperiod.1-35TheFinancialStatements1-86InformationReportedontheFinancialStatements1.Howwelldidthecompanyperform(oroperate)duringtheperiod?

Revenues–ExpensesNetincome(Netloss)IncomestatementQuestionAnswerFinancialStatement2.Whydidthecompany’sretainedearningschangeduringtheperiod?BeginningRetainedEarnings+Netincome(or–Netloss)-Dividends=EndingR.E.StatementofRetainedEarnings1-36InformationReportedon1-87InformationReportedontheFinancialStatements3.Whatisthecompany’sfinancialpositionattheendoftheperiod?Assets=Liabilities+Owners’equityBalancesheetQuestionAnswerFinancialStatement4.Howmuchcashdidthecompanygenerateandspendduringtheperiod?Operatingcashflows±Investingcashflows±FinancingcashflowsIncreaseordecreaseincashCashflowstatement1-37InformationReportedon1-88TheBalanceSheet:

MeasuringOperatingPerformanceThebalancesheetorstatementoffinancialposition

reportsthecompany’sassets,liabilitiesandowner’sequityasofaspecificdate.1-38TheBalanceSheet:

Measu1-89TheIncomeStatement:

MeasuringOperatingPerformanceTheincomestatement,statementofoperations,or