PEC土木工程英语证书考试土力学词汇

PEC土木工程英语证书考试-土力学词汇Aabsorbedwater吸着水accumulationsedimentationmethod累积沉淀法activeearthpressure 主动土压力Eaactivityindex 活性指数Aadamicearth,redsoil红粘土additionalstress(pressure)ofsubsoil地基附加应力(压力)zadversegeologicphenomena 不良地质现象aeoliansoils风积土aeolotropicsoil各向异性土airdriedsoils风干土allowablesubsoilbearingcapacity地基容许承载力[o]allowablesettlement 容许沉降alluvialsoil冲积土破坏面与大主平面的夹角anglebetweenfailureplaneandmajorprincipalplane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angleofinternal,external(wall)friction内摩擦角中、外(墙背)摩擦角angulargravel,angularpebble 角砾anisotropicsoil 各向异T生土aquifer含水层aquifuge,impermeablerlayer 不透水层areaoffoundationbase 基础底面面积Aartesianwaterhead 承压水头artificialfills 人工填土artificialfoundation人工地基AtterbergLimits 阿太堡界限attitude产状averageconsolidationpressure平均固结压力7averageheavingratiooffrozensoillayer冻土层的平均冻胀率averagepressure,additionalpressureoffoundationbase基底平均压力、平均附加压力 p、PoBbasetiltfactoroffoundation基础倾余4系数bc、bq、bybasetiltfactors 基底倾余4系数bc、bq、b了bearingcapacity承载力bearingcapacityfactors承载力系数Nc,、Nq,、Ny[California]BearingRatio [CBR]承载比bearingstratum持力层bedrock,originalrock基岩beginninghydraulicgradient起始水力梯度（坡P）ioBiotconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论Bishop'sslicemethod比肖普条分法boundwater结合水（束缚水）boulder漂石Boussinesqtheory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge桥梁bridgepier桥墩brokenstone,crushedstone碎石bulkmodulus 体积模量burieddepthoffoundation 基础埋置深度buoyantdensity浮密度P'buoyantgravitydensity（unitweight）浮重度（容重）’CCaliforniaBearingRatio（CBR）力口州承载比capillaryrise 毛细水上升高度capillarywater毛细（管）水categorizationofgeotechnicalprojects岩土工程分级cementation胶结作用centralload 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristicvalueofsubsoilbearingcapacity地基承载力特征值fakchemicalgrouting化学灌浆circularfooting 圆形基础clay粘土claycontent 粘粒含量clayminerals粘土矿物clayeysilt粘质粉土clayeysoils,claylysoils粘性土coarseaggregate粗骨料coarse-grainedsoils粗粒土coarsesand粗砂cobble卵石

Codefordesignofbuildingfoundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficientofactiveearthpressure主动土压力系数 Kacoefficientofpassiveearthpressure被动土压力系数 KPcoefficientofcollapsibility湿陷系数scoefficientofcompressibility 压缩系数acoefficientofcurvature 曲率系数Cccoefficientofearthpressureatrest静止土压力系数 Kocoefficientoflateralpressure侧压力系数Kocoefficientofpermeability 渗透系数kcoefficientofsecondaryconsolidation次固结系数coefficientofuniformity不均匀系数coefficientofverticalconsolidation竖向固结（压密）系数cv.coefficientofvertical,horizontalpermeability竖向、水平向渗透系数khcoefficientofvertical,horizontal,tangentialadditionalstressbeneathauniformstripload 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数 sz、sx、sxzcoefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressbeneathauniformroundloadatcentrepoint均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数 r、口rcoefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressbeneathatriangulardistributedrectangleloadatcornerpoint 三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附力口、平均附加应力系数t1、t2、3、"t2coefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressofbeneathauniformarectangleloadatcornerpoint 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、 附加、平均附加应力系数 c、ccoefficientofverticaladditionalstressbeneathaconcentrationload 集中应力系数 a.coefficientofviscosity 粘滞系数coefficientofvolumecompression体积压缩系数mVcoefficientofweathering风化系数cohesionlesssoils无粘性土cohesivesoils 粘性土collapsibility湿陷性compactibility 压实性compactionbyrolling碾压法compactiontest击实试验

compactionfactor 压实系数 ccompactness密实度compositeground 复合地基compressibility压缩性compressionindex 压缩指数Cccompression（constrainedmodulus）压缩（侧限）模量Escompressionzone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-logp曲线）compressivestrength抗压强度concentratedload集中力P[static]conepenetrationtest[CPT]静力触探试验confinedwaterhead承压水头confiningpressure [周]围压[力]consistency稠度consistencylimit 稠度界限consolidatedquick（direct）sheartest固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidatedquickshearcohesion 、angleofinternalfriction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq、^cqconsolidatedundrainedtriaxialcompressiontest[CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated-undrainedcohesion 、angleofinternalfriction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、^fcuconsolidationapparatus固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidationcurve固结（d-*t和d-logt曲线）consolidationsettlement 固结沉降scconsolidationtest（containcompressiontest） 固结（压密）试验（含有压缩试验）constraineddiameterofsoilpartical限制粒径 d60constrainedmodulus侧限模量Escontactstress（pressure） 接触应力（压力）contaminatedsoil污染土corner-pointmethod角点法Coulomb'stheoryofearthpressure库伦士压力理论creep蠕变criticaledge、critical,ultimateloadofsubsoilbearingcapacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3p1/4、极限荷载pucriticalheightofslope（土坡）临界高度

criticalhydraulicgradient 临界水力梯度icrcriticalvoidraio 临界孔隙比crushedstone,brokenstone 碎石culvert涵洞cushion垫层cyclictriaxialtest 周期三轴试验Ddampingratio阻尼比Darcy'slaw达西定律Debrisflow泥石流deepfoundation深基础deepmixingmethod 深层搅拌法degreeofcompaction压实度cdegreeofconsolidation 固结度Udegreeofsaturation饱和度Srdensificationbysandpile挤密砂桩density密度depthfactoroffoundation基础深度系数dc、dq、d?differentialsettlement 沉降差dike,levee堤dilatancy剪胀性diluvialfan洪积扇diluvialsoils洪积土directsheartest 直［接］剪［切］试验dispersiveclay 分散性粘土disturbedsamples扰动土样doublelayer双电层drainagecohesion,angleofinternalfriction排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、的drainedshearstrength 排水抗剪强度召［consolidated］drainedtriaxial［compression］test［CD-test］［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验drift-sand流砂［现象］drydensity干密度ddrygravitydensity(unitweight)干重度(容重)ddynamicelasticmodulus 动弹性模量Eddynamicload动荷载dynamicpenetrationtest 动力触探试验dynamictriaxialtest 动三轴试验dynamicshearmodulus 动剪切模量Gddynamicstrain,stress动应变d、动应力dEEarthdam土坝Earthmaterial±料earthpressureatrest 静止土压力Eoearthquakeengineering 地震工程学earth—rockdam土石坝earthwork土石方工程eccentricload偏心荷载eccentricityoffoundationbaseloading(resultofforces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距 eeffectiveangleofinternalfriction有效内摩擦角’effectivecohesion 有效粘聚力c'effectivegrainsize 有效粒径d10effectivestress有效应力'effectivestresspath[ESP]有效应力路径elasticmodulus,Young'smodulus 弹性模量electro-osmosis电渗embankments路堤engineeringgeologiccolumnarprofile工程地质柱状图engineeringgeologicexploration工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicdrilling 工程地质钻探engineeringgeologicevaluation 工程地质评价engineeringgeologicmap 工程地质图engineeringgeologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineeringgeologic profile工程地质剖面图engineeringgeology 工程地质学environmentalgeotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotentiallines等势线excavation开挖excesshydrostaticpressure 超静水压力excessporewaterpressure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibilityandcontractility 胀缩性expansion,swellingindex 回弹指数Ce沉降计算经验系数expansivesoil膨胀土沉降计算经验系数experiencefactorofsettlementcalculationFfactorofsafety 安全系数failurestrength 破坏强度failuresurface 破坏面fault断层fieldidentification ±的现场鉴别fieldobservation现场观测fill填土filmwater,filmmoisture薄膜水filter反滤层沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s二二finalsettlement 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s二二finalsettlementbysettlementobservationcalculatingfinesand细砂fine-grainedsoils,fines 细粒土fissuredsoils 裂隙粘土fissuredwater裂隙水flocculentstructure絮凝结构flowline流线flownet流网fold褶皱flowingsand 流砂[现象]fluvialsoils冲积土footing,foundation基础foundationsettlement 地基(基础)沉降fraction粒组freeswellingratio自由膨胀率effreewater自由水freewaterelevation,surface地下水位freezingmethod冻结法frictioncoefficientoffoundationbase基底摩擦系数 rfriction—resistanceratio摩阻比frostboiling翻浆frozenheavingproperties 冻胀性frozensoils冻土GGap—gradedsoil 不连续级配土General-shearfailure 整体剪切破坏generalizedprocedureofslices[GPS]普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(selfweight) stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力(压力) oc、%geosynthetics ±工合成材料geotechnicalengineering 岩土工程geotechnicalinvestigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles 土工织物glacialsoils冰积土gradingcurve 级配曲线grainsize粒径

grainsizeaccumulationcurve粒径累计（积）曲线granularity粒度gravel圆砾gravellysand 砾砂gravellysoils 砾类土gravitationalacceleration 重力力口速度ggravitationalwater重力水gravitydensity重[力密]度?gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙groundtiltfactor 地面倾余4系数gc、gq、g-groundtreatment 地基处理groundwater 地下水、潜水watergroundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation,surface,[ground]table[GWT]地下水位groundwaterdynamics 地下水动力学watergrouting灌浆Hhalf-space（semi-infinitebody）半空间（半无限体）Hansen'sformulaofultimatebearingcapacity汉森极限承载力公式hardnessdegreeofrock 岩石坚硬程度head[ofwater] 水头Hheavydynamicpenetrationtest[HDPT]重型动力触探试验heightofretainingwall 挡土墙高度Hheigthoftensilearea拉力区高度h0highliquidlimitclay,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土highway公路honeycombstructure蜂窝结构hydraulicgradient 水力梯度Ihydraulichead 水头Hhydrometermethod 比重计法hydrostaticpressure 静水压力Iillite伊利石immediatesettlement 瞬时沉降sdimpermeablelager,imperviousstratum不透水层inclinedload 倾斜荷载influencecoefficientsofsettlement沉降影响系数、o、c、m、rinitialcollapsepressure湿陷起始压力initialtangentmodulus 初始切线模量Eiinorganicmineralsubstance 无机矿物质in-situtest 原位测试in-situbearingtest现场承载力试验intermediamliquidlimitclay[CI]中液限粘土internalfrictionangle内摩擦角internalscour潜蚀isotropicsoil 各向同性土JJanbu'smethodofslices杨布条分法jetgroutingmethod高压喷射注浆法joint节理Kkaolinite高岭石karstlandfeature 喀斯特地貌Ko—consolidationKo固结aminarflow层流andslide滑坡andsubsidence 地面下沉ateralgeostaticstressaterite红土ayer-wisesummationmethodengthoffoundationbaseimitequilibriumconditionimitofplasticityinearshrinkageratioineload线荷载iquefaction液化侧向自重应力 ocx, ocy分层总和法基础底面长度l极限平衡条件塑卜MwP线缩率iquefactionresistance 抗液化强度iquidlimit[LL]液限wLiquidityindex[LI] 液性指数ILoadingtest 载荷试验ocalshearfailure 局部剪切破坏oess黄土ogarithmicspiral对数螺旋线owliquidlimitclay,mo[CL],[ML]低液限粘土、粉土MMagmaticrock(igneousrock) 岩浆岩(火成岩)major,intermediate,minorprinciplestress 大、中、小主应力5、/、仃3marinesoils海积土masscircleslidingmethod 整体圆弧滑动法maximum,minimumvoidratio最大、最小孔隙比 emax、eminmaximum、minimumpressureoffoundationbase基底最大、最小压力 pmax、pminmaximum,minimumdrydensity最大、最小干密度pdmax、dminmaximumdrydensity 最大干密度塑性区最大发展深度zmaxmaximumexpandeddepthofplasticityregionmediangraindiameter 中值粒径塑性区最大发展深度zmaxmediumsand中砂meniscus弯液面metamorphicrock变质岩methodofslice条分法minglesoils混合土miscellaneousf川 杂填土mo,silts,siltysoils 粉土（粉性土、粉质土）modulusofdeformation,elasticity变形模量Eo弹性模量EmodulusofrecompressionmodulusofrecompressionmodulusofresilienceMohr-Coulomblawmoisture-densitytestmoisture,watercontent

再压缩模量回弹模量摩尔库仑定律击实试验含水量（率）wmontmorillonitemuck,mucksoils蒙脱石montmorillonitemuck,mucksoils蒙脱石淤泥、淤泥质土覆盖土翻浆冒泥mulchingsoilsmudpumpingNnaturalangleofrepose自然（天然）休止角nomalstress法向应力x、y、znon-cohesivesoils无粘性土non-uniformsettlement 不均匀沉降normallyconsolidation归一化normallyconsolidatedsoils[N.C.soils]正常固结土Ooptimummoisturecontent 最优含水率organicsoil 有机质土Oedometermodulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensionalconsolidation 单向固结（压密）optimummoisture,（water）content最优含水量（率）woporganicsoil 有机质土，有机土

organicsubstance,organicmatter巨粒土有机质originalrock基岩overcoarse-grainedsoils巨粒土有机质overburdensoils覆盖土overconsolidatedsoils[O.C,soils]超固结（过压密）土overconsolidationratio[OCR]抗剪强度参数超固结（过压密）比抗剪强度参数parametersofshearstrengthparticalsize粒径particalsizeanalysispassiveearthpressurepathofpercolationpeat泥炭pebble圆砾

颗粒分析试验被动土压力Ep渗［透途］径Hpenetrationresistacepercentofsoilparticles

贯入阻力土粒百分含量piperchedwater上层滞水perenniallyfrozensoil多年冻土透水层透水层permeablelayer,perviousstratumpermeabilitypermeabilitytestphreaticlinephreaticwater

渗透性渗透试验浸润线潜水、地下水physicalpropertiesofrockpiezoconetest[CPTU]岩石的物理性质piezometricheadpiezometerheadpiping管涌孔压静力触探试验测压管水头测压管水头hplanestraintestplasticfailureplasticflow平面应变试验塑性破坏塑流plasticlimit[PL]plasticstrainplasticzoneplasticitychartplasticityindex[PI]plateloadingtestpointloading塑卜MwP塑性应变塑性区塑性图| 塑性指数Ip平板载荷试验点荷载试验Poisson'sratio泊松比心poorly-gradedsoils不良级配土poreairpressure 孑L隙气压力porewaterpressure（stress）孔隙水压力（应力）porepressure（stress）parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bporepressureratio 孔隙压力比porewater孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidationpressure先（前）期固结压力pcpreloadingmethod预压法pressurebulb压力泡pressuremetertest［PMT］ 旁（横）压试验primaryconsolidation主固结primarymineral 原生矿物principalstress主应力1、 2、 3principleofeffectivestrress 有效应力原理proctor［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportionallimitload比例界限荷载pprpumpingtest 抽水试验punching-shearfailure冲［切］剪［切］破坏Qqualityofsoil,soilparticles（solids）,water 土、土粒、水的质量m、ms、mwQuaternarydeposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand流砂［现象］quickshearcohesion,angleofinternalfriction快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq、的quick［shear］test 快剪试验RRadiusofinfluence影响半径Rankine'stheoryofearthpressure朗肯土压力理论rateofsettlement 沉降速率ratiooflengthtowidth 长宽比mreboundmodulus 回弹摸量recompressioncurve 再压缩曲线rectangularfooting矩形基础redclay,adamicearth 红粘土regionalsoils 特殊［性］土，区域性土relativedensity［RD］ 相对密（实）度Drresidualdeformation 残余变形residualsoils 残积土residualstrength 残余强度rubble,rubble-stone块石runningsand 流砂［现象］

rupturesurface破坏面rupturesurface破坏面Ssalinesoil盐积土sanddrain排水砂井sandparticlecontent 砂粒含量sandboiling砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandysilt砂质粉土sandysoils,sands砂土（砂类土、砂性土、砂质土）saturateddensity 饱和密度psatsaturatedgravitydensity 饱和重度：'satscaleeffect 尺度效应screwplateloadingtest[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonallyfrozensoil 季节冻土secondarycompression（consolidation）index次压缩（固结）指数C：.secondarycompression（consolidation）settlement,creepsettlement次压缩（固结）沉降Sssecondarymineral 次生矿物secondaryredclay 次生红粘土seepageflow] 渗流（漏）seepagedeformation渗透变形seepagefailure渗透破坏seepagedischarge渗流量Qseepageforce 渗流力（动水力） GDseepageline浸润线（渗流线）seepagevelocity渗流速度vseepagepath渗径[verticale]selfweight（geostatic）stress（pressure）[ 竖向]自重应力（压力） （ycz、熊semiinfiniteelastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity灵敏度Stsettlementcalculationdepth 沉降计算深度znshallowfoundation浅基础shapefactoroffoundation基础形》大系数sc、sq、s?shearfailure剪切破坏shearmodulus剪切模量Gshearresistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shearstrain剪应变shearstrength 抗剪强度 fshearstrengthenvelope 抗剪强度包线shearstress剪应力

sheetpilewall板桩墙shrinkagelimit［SL］缩限wssieveanalysistest筛分试验siltyclay 粉质粘土siltysand粉砂siltysoils,silts,mo粉土（粉性土、粉质土）single-grainedstructure 单粒结构sizefraction 粒组slipsurface 滑动面slopestability 土坡稳定性slopewash,slopematerials 坡积土slowshearcohesion,angleofinternalfriction慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cs、Rslow（direct）sheartest 慢剪试验softclay软粘土softfoundation软弱地基soil土soilclassification 土的分类soilcohesion,angleofinternalfriction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角soildynamics ±动力学soilfabric 土的组构soilflow流土soilmechanics土力学soilnailing土车丁soilsampler 取土器soilskeleton 土骨架soilstructureandtexture ±的结构和构造soilsupportinglayer,substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil,foundationandsuperstructureinteraction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soilsandFoundations 地基及基础soilsimprovement地基处理specialsoils特殊（性）土specificgravityofsoilparticles土粒比重Gsspecificpenetrationresistance比贯入阻力psspecificsurface比表面（积）splittest 劈裂试验（巴西试验）SPTblowcount标［准］贯［入试马^锤］击数Nsquarefooting 方形基础stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性stabilityagainstsliding 抗滑稳定性

stabilitynumber稳定数Nsstabilitynumbermethod 稳定数法standardpenetrationtest[SPT]标准贯入试验staticpenetrationtest[CPT] 静力触探试验staticfailurestrength 静力破坏强度 fstipfoundation 条形基础Stokes'law司笃克斯定律Stones,stoneysoils碎石[类]土stress、strain应力、应变stresshistory,path,level应力历史、路径、水平stressconcentration 应力集中strengthenvelope强度包线strengthofactiveearthpressure主动土压力强度castrengthofpassiveearthpressure主动土压力强度cpstrengthofearthpressureatrest静止土压力强度C0stripload 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgradereaction地基反力superimposedpressureoffoundationbase基底平均附加压力 p0superimposedstress（pressure）ofsubsoil地基附加应力（压力）zsurcharge[load]超载surfacetension 表面张力surfacewater地表水surfacewavevelocitymethod 表面波法Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧法swellingforce 膨胀力swelling,expansionindex回弹（膨胀）指数Ceswellingratio 膨胀率syncline向斜T[ground]table地下水Terzaghi'stheoryofonedimensionalconsolidation太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi