蓄电池技术手册中英文版

技术手册Technicalmanual哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司HARBINJIUZHOUELECTRICCO.,LTD.

目录ContentTOC\o"1-5"\h\z引 言Introduction 1主 要 用 途Applicability 1浮 充 使 用 Floatingcharge 1循 环 使 用 CycledUse 1电池结构 Structure of thebattery 1密 封 原 理 SealingMethod 1技 术 特 点 TechnicalCharacteristics 2技 术 规 格 Technicalspecifications 3电 气 性 能 ElectricalPerformance 4充 电 特 性 ChargingCharacteristics 5浮充电特性 Floating ChargeCharacteristics 5循环充电特性CycledChargeCharacteristics 5均衡充电特性EqualizingChargeCharacteristics 6放 电 特 性 DischargingCharacteristics 6恒电流放电特性Constant-CurrentDischargeTOC\o"1-5"\h\zCharacteristics 6放电容量温度特性TemperatureCharacteristicsofDischargingCapacity 8冲击放电特性Impactdischargeperformance 8容量换算系数与时间关系曲线Relationshipbetweencapacityconversioncoefficientandtime・9容量换算系数比较ComparisonofcapacityconversionTOC\o"1-5"\h\zcoefficient 10恒定终止电压放电特性Constantendpointvoltagedischargecharacteristics 11大电流放电特性Greatcurrentdischargefeature-1mindischargefeature 11容量保持特性Capacitanceself-containedfeature-self-discharge 11内 阻 特 性 Intrinsic resistanceCharacteristics 12寿 命 特 性 LifeCycle 12安 装 指 南 InstallationGuide 13安装注意事项Attention duringinstallation 13蓄电池安装 Installation ofbattery 13电池柜安装Installation ofbatterycabinet 13验 收17Acceptance17验 收 标 准 AcceptanceTOC\o"1-5"\h\zStandard 17验 收 规 则 AcceptanceSpecification 17容 量 校 核 Capacityverification 17使用与维护 Operation andMaintenance 18蓄电池常见故障及消除方法Commonfailure&trouble-shooting 19技术服务及质量信息反馈Technicalserviceandqualityinformationfeedback 201弓I言IntroductionSUPERFM65系列阀控密封铅酸蓄电池是在研究传统的“铅一一硫酸一一二氧化铅”电化学的基础上，应用气体再化合原理，采用新型材料、新技术设计制造而成。TheSUPERFMGFMseriesvalve-controlledconfinementlead-acidbatterywasmadewithnewmaterialandnewtechnologybyusinggasrecombinationprinciple.It'sbasedonthestudyofthetraditional“lead-sulfuricacid-leaddioxide”electrochemistry.哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司融汇国内外数十年的科研成果，形成了自己独特的阀控密封铅酸蓄电池设计技术，产品采用国际 IEC、日本JIS和我国电力、邮电等行业标准制造，按国际最先进的ISO9001管理模式建立质量保证体系，并被有效的运行，对产品容量、开路电压、浮充电压均衡性、密封性、安全阀开启压力以及极性等性能 100%£线检测，因而具有很高的可靠性和稳定性。该产品多次通过电力部、邮电部和解放军总参部检测，并被列为定点配套入网产品。是国际上九十年代的最新型蓄电池产品。HarbinJiuzhouElectricCoLtd.designsitsownpeculiarsealedvalve-controllead-Acidstoragebatterybycombiningthescientificachievementsofdomesticandinternational scientificresearchfieldforsometensofyearscompliedwithinternational IEC,JISofJapanandourcountry'selectricpower&postandtelecommunicationsandotherindustries'standard.WesetupthequalityguaranteesystemusingthemostadvancedinternationallyrecognizedISO9001managementpatternwithgoodperformance.On-linedetectshallbefinishedforproductcapacity,open-circuitvoltage,equalizationperformance,floatchargevoltage,confinementfeature,protectionvalve'sresponsepressure,polarityandotherperformances.TheproductwithahighpercentageofreliabilityandstabilityhaspassedformanytimestestbyMinistryofElectricPower,MinistryofPostandTelecommunicationsandMinistryofPLAGeneralStaff.Thebatteryhasbeenlistedasregularlocalityandcompletenet-joiningproduct.Itisthenewesttypestoragebatteryininternationalmarketofthe90 's.2主要用途Mainusage浮充使用（备用电源）Floatchargeusage（standbypowersupply）.电信、通信设备、程控交换机。Telecommunications,communicationapparatus,SPCexchange.应急照明系统。Emergencylightingsystem.安全防盗、防火报警系统。Safetyandpreventionofburglary,fireprotectionalarmsystem.计算机UPSComputerUPS.电力开关系统。Electricpowerswitchsystem.发电厂、变电所直流操作电源及备用电源。Electricpowerplant,substationdirectlycurrentoperationelectricsourceandstandbyelectricsource.•发动机起动、船舶设备。•Enginestartup,shipcraftequipment.・太阳能系统。•Solarsystem.2.2循环使用Cycledusage便携式电视机、摄录像机、收录音机。PortableTV,pickupcamera,radioandtaperecorder.电动工具、割草机、吸尘器。Electrictool,fieldmower.Vacuumcleaner.照相机、新闻摄影设备。Camera,newsphotographyequipment.便携式个人计算机、语言处理器、终端。Portablepersonalcomputer,languageprocessor,terminal.野外测试设备、医疗仪器设备。Outdoortestingequipment,medicalinstrumentequipment.移动电话机、对讲机。Mobilephone,walkie-talkie.矿灯、割胶灯、应急灯、铁路信号灯。Lamp,tappinglamp,emergencylight,railwaysignallight.电动玩具、电动轮椅。Electrictoy,electricwheelchair.电池结构Structureofthebattery图1.蓄电池结构（12V系列）Fig.1 structrueofthestoragebattery（12Vexplosionterminalceramicsfiltergluebl产ngP°st

series)图2.蓄电池结构(2V系列)Fig.2structrueofthestoragebattery(2Vseries)表1SUPERFMGFM系列蓄电池构件与功能Table.1SUPERFMGFMseriesstoragebatterycomponentanditsfunction部 件Component结构材料Structuralmaterial功能Function正极板Positiveplate负极板Negativeplate涂浆式极板，把活性物质涂在特制铅钙合金骨架上。Paste-smearedplatespreadactivematerialonspeciallymadelead-calciumalloyframe.保持足够的容量Keepsufficientcapacity维持容量长期使用性用(长寿)Keepcapacitythatcanbeusedforlong.(Longevity)减低自身放电量。Reduceself-dischargevolume提高释放气体电极电位。Increasereleasinggaselectricpoleandelectricpotential隔板Dummyplate高强度耐热氧化性极佳的优质超细玻璃纤维毡。High density, heatresisting, excellentoxidizability, highqualitysuperfineglassfibermat.防止正、负极板之间短路。Preventingshortcircuit betweenpositiveandnegativeplate.吸附储备电解液，无流动电解液。Absorptionofthereserveelectrolyte,noflowingelectrolyte.紧压极板表面，防止活性物质脱落。Coarctationthesurfaceofthepolarplate,preventingtheactivematerialfromcomingoff.电解液Electrolyte分析纯硫酸配以高纯水和特定的添加剂。Analyticalpuresulfuricacidmixedwithhighpurewater and specialadditives.正负极活性物质间产生电化学反应。Theactivematerialbetweenpositiveandnegativepolesproduceschemicalreactions.导电作用。Conductionofelectricity外壳和盖Shellandcover丙烯月青(A)一丁二(B)一苯乙烯(S)共聚物合成树脂。Propenylcyanide(A) -bivinyl;butadiene(B)-styrene(S)-interpolymersyntheticresin.容纳由正负极板和隔板组成的极群。保持足够的机械强度，可抵受蓄电池内的压力。Holdingpoleclustersconsistingofpositive plate,negativeplate anddummyplate,keepinenoughmechanicalstrength towithstandpressure frominsidethestoragebattery.

安全阀Emergencyvalve用无双键、耐酸性极好、品质稳定而耐用的合成橡胶制成。采用帽形或柱形。内装陶瓷过滤器。Madewith artificialrubberwithnodoublebond,excellentacidproof,thequalityisstableandendurableinuse.Adopting cap-like orcolumn.Installed interiorceramicsfilter.如果蓄电池内气压高于正常值时，便放出气体，使内压正常化。防止氧进入和酸雾放出。Iftheatmosphericpressurewithinthestoragebattery isabovethenormalvalue,gaswillbesentout,andthepressurefrom insidewill becomenormal.Preventingoxygenfromcominginsideandacidmistgoingoutside.端了Terminal用铅合金制成，与接线柱T整体模制。Madewithaluminumalloy,itismoldedcompletelywiththebindingpost.非焊接及截面积大的接线端子提高放电倍率和可靠性。容易连接。Bindingpostoftheweldlessconnectionandlargesectionalareacanincreasethedischargemagnificationandimprovereliability. Itcanbeeasilyconnectedwiththebattery'scontactpin.极柱密封Poleconfinement封口剂的颜色：正极为红色，负极为监色。特种密封胶，专用密封圈。Thecolorofthesealingoffagent;redforthepositivepole,blueforthenegativepole.Specialsealingglue,specialsealingring.内外多层密封，防止爬酸渗液。Multiplelayersofsealingfrombothinsideandoutside.Acidliquidcannotbeleakedout.密封原理SealingMethod铅酸蓄电池的充放电的电化学反应过程如图 3,反应方程式如下：Theelectrochemicalreactionprocessofthelead-acidstoragebattery,seeFig.3,thereactionequationasfollows:放电dischargePb& 2HS+ Pb PbS+2HO+PbSO (1)充电charge正极 电解液负极 正极 水 负极Positivepoleelectrolytenegativepolepositivepolewaternegativepole充电后期在正极板产生氧气，在负极板产生氢气Inthelaterstageofthecharging,thepositiveplateproducesoxygen,thenegativeplateproduceshydrogen.正极Positivepole:Hg1/2O+2H+2e••…(2)负极Negativepole:2H+2gH (3)铅酸蓄电池实现密封免维护的难点就是充电后期水的电解， SUPERFMGFM列电池采取了以下几项重要措施，从而实现了密封性能。Forsealing&maintenancefreeofthelead-acidstoragebattery,thedifficultyliesintheeffectoftheelectrolysisofthewaterduringthelaterperiodofcharging.SPUERFMGFMSERIESStorageBatteryadoptedthefollowingimportantmeasuresandthesealingnaturecanberealizedafterwards.采用铅钙合金板栅，提高了释放氢气电位，抑制了氢气的产生，从而减少了气体释放量，同时使自放电率降低。Usinglead-calciumalloyslabgridtoincreaseelectricpotentialandpreventingtheproductionofthehydrogensothatreleasingvolumeofthegaswasreduced,meantimetheself-dischargeratiowasalsoreduced.SUPERFMGFMS列蓄电池利用了负极活性物质海绵状铅的特性，这种物质在潮湿条件下活性很高，能与氧快速反应，阴极吸收氧气，抑制了水的减少而无需要补充水。SUPERFMGFMSeriesStorageBatteryusesthefeaturesofsponge-likeleadinthenegativepoleactivematerial.Thismaterialhashighactivityunderdampconditionandcanbequicklyreactedwithoxygen.Thenegativepoleabsorbstheoxygen,thereductionofwatercanbepreventedandthereisnoneedforaddingwater.在充电最终阶段或在过量充电情况下， 充电能量消耗在分解电解液的水份，因而正极板产生氧气，此氧气与负极板的海绵状铅以及硫酸起反应，使氧气再化合为水。同时一部分负极板变成放电状态，因此也抑制了负极板氢气产生。与氧气反应变成放电状态的负极物质经过充电又恢复到原来的海绵状铅。Inthefinalperiodofthechargingorundertheconditionofovercharging,thechargingcapacitywasconsumedbythewaterinthedecompositionoftheelectrolyte,andthepositiveplateproducesoxygen,theoxygenreactswiththesponge-likeleadandthesulfuricacidinthenegativeplateandmaketheoxygenrecombinedintowater.Meantimeapartofthenegativeplateturnsintodischargingstatus;thispreventstheproductionofhydrogeninthenegativeplate.Thenegativepolematerialthatreactedwithoxygenandbecamethedischargingstatusrestoresintotheoriginalsponge-likeleadaftercharging.为了让正极释放的氧气尽快流通到负极，采用了新型超细玻璃纤维隔板，其孔率可达90%以上，贫液紧装配设计使氧气易于流通到负极再化合为水。Inordertolettheoxygenthatreleasedfromthepositivepoleflowsquicklytothenegativepole,newtypesuperfinefiberglassdummyplatewasapplied;theapertureratiocanreachto90%andup.Thedesignofleansolutioncanmaketheoxygenfloweasilytonegativepoleandrecombineintowater.充电的最终阶段或过量充电情况下所进行的化学反应如图 4,反应方程式如下：Thechemicalreactioninthefinalperiodofthechargingorundertheconditionofovercharging,seeFig4thereactionequationasfollows:正极的反应Reactionofthepositivepole :2H8O+4H+4e…•（4）负极的反应Reactionofthenegativepole :2Pb+O2>2PbO（吸收氧气） （5）2PbO+2HS^O2PbSO+2HO…（6）2PbSO+4H+4e2Pb+2H2SO（PbSO原）……（7）负极总反应Overallreactionofthenegativepole:O+4H+4e>2HO （8）综上所述：从正极板产生的氧气硫电时很快与负极板的活性物质起反应并恢复成水，由于损失极少，故此使蓄电池成为密封式电池。Inaword,theoxygenproducedfromthepositiveplatewillreactquicklywiththeactivematerialinthenegativeplateandrestoredintowater,becausethelossisverylittle,thestoragebatterybecomessealingtypebattery.当充电电流超过一定值或充电温度低于特定的温度，正极产生的气体可能不会被负极全部吸收，这种情况下，内部压力就要升高，在特定的压力下（ 10-49KPa）安全阀就要开启。Whenchargingcurrentexceedsacertainvalueorchargingtemperatureisbelowaspecialsettingvalue,thegasproducedfromthepositivepolecannotbecompletelyabsorbedbynegativepole,underthiscircumstance,thepressurefrominsideissuretorise,underspecialpressure（10-49KPA）,theemergencyvalvewillcrack.一定要注意：当安全阀开启时，电解液就要消耗，就会引起电池性能的降低，为了防止这一情况，充电时一定要遵照本技术手册规定的充电要求进行操作。Attention:Whentheemergencyvalvecracks,itiscertaintheelectrolytewillbeconsumed,andtheperformanceofthebatteryshallbereducedaccordingly;Inordertopreventthispleasefollowtheinstructionsstipulatedinthistechnicalmanualwhencharging.图3:充电开始到最后阶段前的反应 图4:充电最后阶段之后的反应5技术特点TechnicalCharacteristics免维护操作FreeofMaintenance在整个寿命期间无需加酸加水和检查电解液密度，对内部无需维护。Duringthewholelifeexpectancy,thereisnoneedtoaddanyacidandwaterandcheckthedensityoftheelectrolyte.Thereisnoneedforinteriormaintenance.密封无泄漏Sealingwithoutleakage采用特殊AB密封胶粘接壳体，端子极柱采用多层密封防渗漏技术，无爬酸漏液现象。UsingspecialABsealgumcementedhardsurface,terminalpoleusedthetechnologyofmultiplelayerssealingleakageproof.Thereisnophenomenonofweepingacidandleakingliquid.极低的自放电Extremelylowself-discharging采用电化学方法制作的特殊铅钙合金制造板栅和高纯材料制造电池，自放电很低，在20c环境温度下，自放电每天低于额定容量 0.1%（每月小于3%Theself-dischargingisextremelylowbyusingelectrochemicalmethodinmakingspecialleadcalciumalloyslabgridandusinghigh,purematerialinmakingbattery.Underenvironmentaltemperatureof20Ctheself-dischargingisbelowthenominalcapacity0.1%everyday(Everymonthitislessthan3%).安全防爆Safetyandexplosionprotection设有防火安全阀，当内部产生气体过多时自动放气，然后关闭。同时防止腐蚀性气体放出和外部火花向内部引爆。Fireprotectionemergencyvalveisequipped.Itwillautomaticallyreleasethegaswhentoomuchgasproducedinsideandthenshutoff.Meantimeitcanpreventcorrosivegasfromcomingoutandpreventoutsideelectricsparkfromcominginsideandmakingexplosion.长寿命设计Longlifecycledesign使用耐蚀性优良的特殊铅钙合金制成的重型板栅、 高强度隔板和紧装配防脱粉工艺， 具有10年以上的浮充寿命。Usingheavytypeslabgridwithgoodqualityandcorrosionresistantmadeofspecialleadcalciumalloy;high-strengthdummyplateandtightassemblagepowderdisengagefreetechnology;ithasmorethan10years 'floatingcharginglifeexpectancy.高倍率放电性能好Highmagnificationdischargingperformance采用独特低内阻设计制造工艺，具有良好的大电流放电性能。Usingspeciallowintrinsicresistancedesignandmanufacturingtechnology.Ithasexcellenthigh-currentdischargingnature.・便于安装Easyinstallation采用高效能气体再化合设计，无腐蚀性气体放出，无流动电解液，可以任意角度(倒立除外)架式或架式安装，实现机(器)一电池同室安装使用。Usinghighperformancegasrecombinationdesign,noreleaseofcorrosivegas,noflowingelectrolyte,canbeinstalledatanyangles(withexceptionofturningupsidedown)includingcabinettypeorframetype,themachineandthebatterycanbeinstalledandusedtogetherinthesameroom.技术规格TechnicalParameters表2SUPERFMGFM系列密封铅酸蓄电池规格型号Tab.2SpecifcationsforSUPERFMGFMseriessealedLead-acidBattery 型号Model额定电压Ratedvoltage(v)10H率容量10HRatecapacitance(AH)外型尺寸Dimensions约重Weight(kg)长Length(L)宽Width(W)—、_.Height(H)总高Totalheight(TH)6-FM-3.5123.511465；6574[2.006-FM-6.5126.515165941012.606-FM-10121015197951044.56-FM-12121216076【1581167【5.26-FM-151215181761671766.0

6-FM-2412241651751281348.76-FM-38123819716514514513.06-FM-501250325-35216817917917.06-FM-651265325-35216817917922.06-FM-801280380-41017022224029.06-FM-10012100380-41017022224036.0GFM-100210064170[32513508.5GFM-150215011017533035010.0GFM-200220011017533034015.0GFM-2502250157175：330134018.0GFM-300230015717533034022.0GFM-400240021217833034029.0GFM-5002500244175：330134134.0GFM-600260030017532534642.5GFM-800280041117533234257.0GFM-1000210004791751332134268.0GFM-12002120040035034435585.0GFM-150021500400350344355104.0GFM-200022000490350[34。1350140.0GFM-300023000710353340350220.0电气性能ElectricalPerformance充电特性ChargingCharacteristic无论用户使用状态如何，SUPERFMGFM列蓄电池要求采用限流一包电压方式充电，即充电初期控制电流(小于0.2C)一般采用恒流(0.1C)中、后期控制电压的充电方法。充电参数见表3:Currentlimit-voltageconstantmodechargingmustbeusedforSUPERFMGFMseriesbattery,thatis:currentconstant(0.1C)iscarriedoutintheinitialchargingstageforcontrolcurrent(lessthan0.2C)andinthemiddleandfinalstage,voltageconstantchargingmannershallbeused.ChargingparametersshownasTable3表3 充电基本参数(25C)Tab.3chargingparameters(25C)电方法ChargingmodeParameters使用方法 \ApplicationMode恒流充电电流Constantchargingcurrent(A)恒压充电电压Constantchargingvoltage(V)标准电流范围Standardcurrentrange最大允许范围Allowablemaximumrange允许范围Allowablerange设置点Settingpoint浮充使用Floatcharge0.08-0.10C<0.2C2.23-2.252.24循环使用Cycle0.08-0.10C<0.2C2.35-2.452.40注：如100AH电池，则恒流充电电流I=(0.08-0.1)*100=8-10A*注意：蓄电池一般应在5-35C范围内进行充电，低于5c高于35c都会降低寿命。充电的设定电压应在指定范围内，如超出指定范围将造成蓄电池损坏，容量降低及寿命缩短。

Note:Storagebatteryshouldbechargedinthetemperaturerangefrom5to35 C.Oncethetemperatureislowerthan5Corhigherthan35C,thelifecycleofthebatterywillbereduced.Thepresetvoltagevalueforcharginguseshouldbeinprescribedrange.Beyondtherangethestoragebatterywillbedamaged.浮充电特性FloatingChargeCharacteristics25c时2V蓄电池浮充电压采用2.24V,12V蓄电池浮充电压为13.5V。浮充饱和时浮充电流一般每AH为1-2mA其充电特性见图5。Floatchargevoltageshallbe2.24Vfor2Vbatteryat25 Candfor12Vbatterytobe13.5V.Whilefloatchargesaturationstatereaches,floatchargecurrentshallbegenerally2-4mAforeachAH,whosechargingfeatureshownasFig.5.K为K为-3mV/C即inaccordancewithvariationofCFloatchargevoltagemustberegulatedtemperature,herein,calibratingcoefficientKis-3mv/Vt=V+K(t-25)具体选择可按图6进行。SpecificselectionshallbemadeasFig.6.充电量chargingvolume充电电流chargingcurrent充电电压chargingvoltage图5充电特性曲线Fig.5ChargingCharacteristicCurve25c时循环使用2V蓄电池充25c时循环使用2V蓄电池充电压为2.40V,12V蓄电池充电电为14.4V。其充电特性同图5。图6图6浮充电压选^旨南Fig.6FloatChargeVoltageSelectionGuide均衡充电特性EqualizingchargecharacteristicSUPERFMGFM系列蓄电池正常浮充使用时不需要进行均衡充电，当出现整组电池浮充电压偏差大于0.1V或个别单体电压过低（＜2.18）以及严重过放等情况，需提高浮充的恒压电压给电池均衡充电。具充电特性同图5,只是其充电电压为2.30V-2.40V,一般采用2.35V（12V电池为14.1V）0ThereisnoneedofequalizingchargewhenSUPEFFMGFMseriesbatteryisinanormalapplicationoffloatcharge.Whilefollowingcaseshappenedsuchasfloatchargevoltagebiasgreaterthan0.1Vforthewholesetofbatteryand/orindividualsinglebatteryvoltagelowerthan2.18Vand/orseriousoverdischarge,equalizingchargetothebatteryinordertoraisefloatchargeconstantvoltageherein,chargingvoltageshallbewithintherangeof2.30-2.40Vandgenerally2.35Visselected(14.1Vfor12Vbattery)whichchargingfeatureissameastheFig.5.放电特性DischargeCharacteristic恒流放电特性ConstantCurrentDischargeCharacteristics蓄电池放出容量与放电电流有关，放电电流越大，放出容量越小，其不同倍率放电特性曲线如图7,基本放电参数见表4。Batterydischargecapacitanceisrelatedtoitsdischargecurrent.Thegreaterthedischargecurrentis,thesmallerthedischargevolumewillbe.ThedischargecharacteristicsfordifferentmagnificationareshownasFig.7andthebasicdischargeparameterasTable4图7不同放电率放电特性曲线Fig.7Dischargecharacteristiccurveatdifferentdischargevelocity电压voltage时间timeSUPERFMGFM、型密封电池最大放电电流为 15倍率，固定密封电池最大放电电流为 6倍率，最为有效的放电电流范围是0.05CA-1.0CA。蓄电池过放会缩短使用寿命，应尽量避免。放电时端电压不能低于终止电压，否则会发生过放电现象。Maximumdischargecurrentmagnificationforminiaturesealedbatteryshallbe15andforfixedtypesealedbatteryshouldbe6;themosteffectivedischargecurrentrangeisfrom0.05CAto2.0CA.Overdischargingbatterywillreduceitslifecycle.Whilethebatterybeingdischarged,terminalvoltageshouldbenotlowerthanendpointvoltagetopreventoverdischarge.表4SUPERFMGFM12V2V密封蓄电池的放电基本参数与电气性能Tab.4DischargeParametersandElectricalPerformancefor2V&12VSealedBattery.各种倍率放电 Variousmagnificationdischarge蓄电池型号Batterytype10小时率10-hourrate(1.80V)0.5行0.5-magnification(1.60V)1倍率1-magnification(1.60V)6倍率6-magnification(1.30V)AAHAMinAMinAMin6-FM-3.50.353.51.75783.53010.566-FM-6.50.656.53.25786.53019.566-FM-101.0105.07810303066-FM-121.2126.07812303666-FM-151.5157.57815304566-FM-242.424127824307266-FM-383.838197838301146

6-FM-505.0502578503015066-FM-656.56532.578653019566-FM-808.08040.078803024066-FM-1001010050.078100303006蓄电池型号BatteryType各小时率放电Varioushour-ratedischarge10小时率10hrate5小时率5hrate3小时率3hrate1小时率1hrate终压Endpointvoltage1.8V终压Endpointvoltage1.8V终压Endpointvoltage1.8V终压Endpointvoltage1.75VAAHAAHAAHAAHGFM-10010100189025815560GFM-150151502713537.512082.590GFM-200202003618050162110120一GFM-3003013005427075243165P180GFM-4004040072360100324220240GFM-5005050090450125360275300GFM-60060600108540150486330360PGFM-800801800144720200P648]440r4801GFM-10001001000180900250810550600GFM-12001201120021611080300972660720GFM-1500150150027013503751215825900GFM-200020020003601800500162011001200GFM-3000300300054027007502430165018007.2.2放电容量的温度特性Temperaturecharacteristicsofdischargecapacity蓄电池放电容量与环境温度有关如图 8。温度低，容量低；温度过高，虽然容量增大，但严重损害寿命，最佳工作温度为 15-25C。一定温度下放出容量与25c所放出的容量关系为：Ct=C(1+K(t-25))式中：K-温度系数，10小时率放电时K=0.008,1/C；1小时率放电时K=0.01,1/C。BatterydischargecapacitanceisrelatedtoenvironmenttemperatureshownasFig.8.Ifthetemperatureislowerthenthecapacitywillbesmaller;whenthetemperatureishigher,althoughthecapacityincreases,servicelifecycleshallbedamagedseriously.Optimumworkingtemperatureshallbewithintherangeof15-25C.Equationofdischargecapacitanceatbetween25CandatspecifictemperatureshallbeCt=C25(1+K(t-25)),herein,Kisatemperaturecoefficient.K=0.006,1/Cfor10hratedischarge.K=0.008,1/Cfor3hratedischarge.K=0.01,1/Cfor1hratedischarge.图8温度对电池容量的影响Fig.8Theinfluenceoftemperatureonbatterycapacity

蓄电池放出容量capacityreleasedbystoragebattery7.2.3冲击放电特性ImpactDischargePerformanceTherelationshipofbatteryvoltage蓄电池以恒定电流放电0.5小时、1小时和2小时后叠加冲击电流I放电5s电池电压(Uch)与冲击系数Kch(Kch=I/C10)关系如图9、图10、图11。Therelationshipofbatteryvoltage(Uch)andimpactcoefficient(Kch)isshownasFig.9,10,11afterconstantcurrentcurrentIwhiledischargingfor5S.1-持续放电asFig.9,10,11afterconstantcurrentcurrentIwhiledischargingfor5S.1-持续放电1-0.1C4-持续放电1-0.35C2-持续放电1-0.2C5-持续放电1-0.40C3-持续放电1-0.3C6-持续放电1-0.45Cdischargingfor0.5h&1handsuperposedimpact持续放电1-0.1C 5- 持续放电1-0.40C持续放电1-0.2C 6- 持续放电1-0.45C持续放电1-0.3C 7- 持续放电1-0.55C4-持续放电1-0.35C图9放电1h后冲击放电曲线Fig.9Impactdischargecurveafter1hdischarging.Continuousdischarge1-0.1C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.2C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.3C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.35C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.4C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.45C10图10放电0.5h后冲击放电曲线Fig.10Impactdischargecurveafter0.5hdischarging.Continuousdischarge1-0.1C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.2C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.3C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.35C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.4C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.45C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.45C101-持续放电1-0.1C2-持续放电1-0.2C3-持续放电1-0.25C4-持续放电1-0.30C.Continuousdischarge1-0.1C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.2C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.25C10.Continuousdischarge1-0.30C10图11放电2h后冲击放电曲线Fig.11Impactdischargecurveafter2hdischarging7.2.4GFM型阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池容量换算系数与时间的关系曲线 Relationshipbetweencapacitycoefficientandtime(GFMvalve-controlsealedleadacidstorage)图12GFM型阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池容量换算系数与时间关系的曲线Fig.12Relationshipbetweencapacitycoefficientandtime(GFMvalve-controlsealedleadacidstorage)7.2.5容量换算系数比较Comparisonofcapacityconversioncoefficient容量换算系数是反映蓄电池放电性能的主要参数之一，是蓄电池容量的计算依据。Capacityconversioncoefficientisoneofthemainparameterswhichreflectthedischargeperformanceofstoragebattery,andthebaseforcountingbattery 'scapacity.表5GFM型蓄电池在各放电率及不同终止电压下的容量换算系数表Table5CapacityconversioncoefficientsofGFMstoragebatteryatdifferentdischargeratesandwithdifferentendvoltagesKUzKchs5S.(min)1(min)29(min)30(min)5(min)60(min)90(min)120(min)340(min)360(min)480(min)600(min)1.751.521.500.9700.9500.6160.6100.4660.3850.2300.1670.1290.1071.801.421.400.9000.8800.5880.5800.4460.3650.2220.1630.1280.1061.831.341.300.8260.8040.5660.5600.4270.3550.2150.1580.1260.1031.8600.7400.5300.5250.4020.3370.2070.1530.1210.09951.901.111.080.6800.6680.4910.4850.3800.3150.2000.1460.1160.0961.940.940.9040.5940.5800.4410.4350.3500.2950.1850.1380.1090.089注：T-放电时间Uz-放电终止电压Kch-容量换算系数（Kch=I/C）Note:T-timeofdischargeU z-endvoltageofdischargeKch-capacityconversioncoefficient (Kch=I/C)恒定终止电压放电特性 Constantendpointvoltagedischargecharacteristics蓄电池在确定的终止电压后以不同小时率电流放电， 其容量系数Kcc(Kcc为不同放电率容量与10小时率容量的百分比)与放电时间关系如图 13。Thestoragebatterydischargewithcurrentofdifferenthourrateaftertheendvoltageisset,andtherelationshipbetweenthecapacitycoefficientKcc(Kccmeansthepercentofthecapacityatdifferentdischargeratetothatat10-hourrate)anddischargetimeisshowninFig.13.6-终止电压1.75VEndvoltage=1.75V5-终止电压1.80VEndvoltage=1.80V4-终止电压1.83VEndvoltage=1.83V3-终止电压1.87VEndvoltage=1.87V2-终止电压1.90VEndvoltage=1.90V1-终止电压1.94VEndvoltage=1.94V图13容量系数与放电时间关系曲线(25C)大电流放电特性-1分钟放电特性GreatCurrentDischargeFeature—1minDischarge

Feature蓄电池以不同电流放电1分钟时电池电压与冲击系数Kch关系如图14BatteryvoltagehasrelationwithimpactcoefficientkchshownasFig.14whenthebatteryhasdischargedfor1min.withdifferentcurrent.图14Imin冲击放电特性曲线(25C)Fig.14minimpactdischargecharacteristics(25C)7.3容量保持特性-自放电Capacitanceself-containedFeature-self-discharge蓄电池在长期存贮中容量逐渐损失，容量的损失速度与温度有关如图 15。Batterycapacitanceshallgraduallydecreaseduringlong-periodstorage,decreasingrateofcapacitanceisrelatedtothetemperatureshownasFig.15图15容量保持性和贮存性指南蚪泉容欢Ri容量保持率可以通过电池开路端电压简来判断，一般充足电的新电池开路端电压在2.15-2.18V,电池开路端电压与剩余的容量关图16蚪泉容欢RiCapacitancecontainedratecanbejudgedbyopen-circuitterminalvoltageingeneral,theopencircuitterminalvoltagenewbatterywithsufficientchargeshallwithintherangeof2.15-2.18v.TheterminalvoltageisrelatedtoremainedcapacitanceshownasFig.16图16 开路电压与剩余容量关系Fig.16Relationshipbetweenopencircuitandremainedcapacitance内阻特性IntrinsicResistancePerformance蓄电池内阻与容量规格、荷电状态有关，充足电时内阻最小。表6给出了SUPERFMGFM蓄电池内阻供用户参考。因为电池内阻很小，测量时应很好地消除接触电阻，否则测量结果偏大。Batteryintrinsicresistanceisrelatedwithcapacitancespecificationandchargingstate.Theintrinsicresistanceisthesmallestinthestateofchargingtosaturationandthelargestforthestateoffinishingdischargerefertotable5.表6GFM蓄电池内阻Tab.6IntrinsicresistanceofGFMbattery容量规格Capacity(AH)20030040050060080010001200150020003000内阻Intrinsicresistance(mQ)50.300.220.090.080.07寿命特性LifeCyclefeature蓄电池的寿命与放电次数、工作温度、放电深度、浮充电压以及充放电电流等有着直接的关

系。Battery'slifetimehasdirectrelationstodischargingtimes,workingtemperature,dischargingdegree,floatvoltageandcharging&dischargingcurrentandsoon.・放电深度Dischargingdegree反复地大量放出蓄电池电量（深放电）将缩短电池寿命，寿命与放电深度和循环次数关系如图17。DischargingrepeatedlyandlargelydischargingdeeplyshallshortenthebatteryservicelifetimewhichhasrelationtodischargingdegreeandcycletimesshownasFig.17.图17循环寿命与放电深度的关系Fig.17Relationshipbetweencyclelifetimeanddischargedegree・温度的影响Temperature温度升高将加速电池组份的分解。在恒压充电时，高的室温环境，充电电流将增大，导致充电过量，这样就缩短电池寿命。在低温充电时，将产生氢气，使内压增高，电解液减少，电池寿命缩短。最佳使用温度为15-25C。浮充寿命与温度关系如图18。Increasingtemperatureshallacceleratedecompositionofbatterycomponent.Highindoorenvironmenttemperatureshallcausechargingcurrentincreasinguptooverchargethatshallbringaresultofshorteninglifetimeduringconstantvoltagecharging.innerpressureandreducewhilechargingatlowerCinnerpressureandreducewhilechargingatlowerCto25C.Floatcharge100ra100ray101mteI10.110203040506070°C506886104102140158°CtemperaturelifetimehasrelationwithtemperatureasFig.18.18浮充寿命的温度特性・浮充电压、电流FloatChargeVoltage&Current浮充使用时必须保持浮充电压的稳定，这就要求必须选择性能优良的充电设备。若充电机不能保持电压、电流的稳定，就会造成电池过充、欠充等现象，大大缩短电池的使用寿命。为了使蓄电池达到最佳的使用寿命，配套充电机必须达到以下要求:Tokeepastablefloatchargevoltage,chargingequipmentwithgoodperformanceshallbeselected.Unstablevoltage/currentshallleadtooverchargeorunderchargethatcanshortenthebattery'slife.MatingChargermustbecomplywithfollowingrequi1ementstoensurethebatteryslongservicelifetinne:①稳压精度w1%Stabilizedvoltageaccuracym1%（i玛辞精Seabilizedtvoltageac<2%-——ef--.=1—T③波纹系数02%Ripplefactor<2%过流、过压、欠压自动报警。Auto-alarmforovercurrent/overvoltage/undervoltage.最好具有恒流-恒压和均衡充电-浮充电自动转换功能。Auto-switchfunctionincludingconstantcurrent&constantvoltageandequalizingcharge&floatchargeisthebestchoice