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BuildingaHighPerformance3DGames

forWindowsPhoneAdamSchaefferMicrosoftCorporationSESSIONCODE:WPH308锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发rapidbbsBuildingaHighPerformance3DConsistentsetsofhardwarecapabilitiesdefinedbyMicrosoftWindowsPhone7HardwareResolutionTouchInputCPU/GPURAMHardwarekeyboardisoptional锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsConsistentsetsofhardwarecaTheCPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheCPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidTheEvolutionOfProgrammingLowlevelcontrolStraighttothemetalRawperformancetuningHighlevelabstractionRelyoncompilerandruntimeDeveloperproductivity锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheEvolutionOfProgrammingLoWhyC#r0x0rzPowerfulandexpressiveTypesafetyreduceshard-to-track-downbugsReflectionInitializersyntaxGreattooling(IntelliSense)SimilarenoughtoCthatlearningandportingareeasyBlazinglyfastcompilesC#锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsWhyC#r0x0rzPowerfulandexpr.NETonWindowsUsuallywithinafewpercentofnativeperformanceAwesomegenerationalgarbagecollectionPerformanceshootout:RaymondChenvs.RicoMarianis.msdn/ricom/archive/2019/05/10/416151.aspx锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonWindowsUsuallywithin.NETonXbox360360Significantdeltabetweenmanagedandnative.NETCompactFrameworkSimplisticmark-and-sweepgarbagecollectionXboxisnotageneralpurposecomputerUnforgivingin-orderCPUarchitectureRequirescustomVMXinstructionsforoptimalmathperfSecurityarchitectureposeschallengesforjittedcode锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonXbox360360Significant.NETonWindowsPhone7InbetweenWindowsandXbox360.NETCompactFrameworkKeepaneyeongarbagecollection!ARMv7CPUMoreforgivingtowardjittedcodeARMjitterismorematurethanPPC锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonWindowsPhone7InbetwWaysToCallCodeInstancemethodInterfaceDelegate/eventReflectionVirtualmethod锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsWaysToCallCodeInstancemethChooseYourOwnAddressC++allowsindependentchoiceof.NETtypesdictatetheirallocationandusagesemanticsDatatypeThememoryinwhichatypelives(placementnew)Howatypeinstanceisreferenced(T,T*,T&,constT&)Valuetypesint,bool,struct,Vector3Referencetypesclass,array,string,delegate,boxedvaluetypes锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsChooseYourOwnAddressC++allAPopularMythOft-repeatedwisdomValuetypesliveonthestackReferencetypeslive

ontheheapValuetypeslivewherevertheyaredeclaredReferencetypeshavetwopieces

Memoryallocatedfromtheheap

ApointertothisheapmemoryThatissubtlyincorrect锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAPopularMythOft-repeatedwisBydefault,

preferclassoverstructureUsestructforthingsthatareclassvs.structSmall(<=16bytes)ShortlivedPasslargestructuresbyreferenceMatrixa,b,c;c=Matrix.Multiply(a,b);//copies192bytes!Matrix.Multiply(refa,refb,outc);锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBydefault,

preferclassoverMemoryManagementC++.NETAllocateInitiallyfast,becomingslowerasfragmentationincreasesVeryfast,apartfromperiodicgarbagecollectionsFreeFastInstantaneousFragmentationIncreasesovertimeNoneCachecoherencyRequirescustomallocatorsThingsallocatedcloseintimearealsocloseinphysicallocationGarbagecollectionisnotoptionalCan’thavetypesafetywithoutautomaticmemorymanagement锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsMemoryManagementC++.NETAllocaMarkandSweepTriggeredpermegabyteofallocation1Startswithrootreferences(stackvariables,statics)2Recursivelyfollowsallreferencestosee

whatotherobjectscanbereached3Anythingwedidn’treachmustbegarbage4Compactstheheap,slidingliveobjectsdowntofillholes5锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsMarkandSweepTriggeredpermeFrameworksdesigned

forperformanceFrameworksdesigned

forperformanceTwoWaysToKeepGCHappyMakeitrunLessOftenIfyouneverallocate,GCwillneverrunMakeitFinishQuicklyCollectiontimeisproportionaltohowmanyobjectreferencesmustbetraversedUseobjectpoolsSimpleheap=fastcollectionUsevaluetypesandintegerhandles锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTwoWaysToKeepGCHappyMakeGC.CollectExplicitlyforces

agarbagecollectionUsewiselytogiveyourselfmoreheadroomAfterloadingDuringpausesingameplayDon’tcalleveryframe!锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsGC.CollectExplicitlyforces

aAvoidingAllocationBewareofboxingstringvs.StringBuilderUseWeakReferencetotrackGCfrequencyhttp://s.msdn/shawnhar/archive/2019/10/12/monitoring-the-garbage-collector.aspxUseCLRProfileronWindowsSeeMIX’10talk:“DevelopmentandDebuggingToolsforWindowsPhone7Series”Use.NETReflectortopeekbehindthecurtainhttp://red-gate/products/reflector/锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAvoidingAllocationBewareofbTheGPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheGPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidPlushardwareaccelerated2DspritedrawingFiveConfigurableEffectsBasicEffectSkinnedEffectEnvironmentMapEffectAlphaTestEffectDualTextureEffect锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsPlushardwareaccelerated2DsBasicEffect0-3directionallightsBlinn-PhongshadingOptionaltextureOptionalfogOptionalvertexcolorBasicEffectVertexCostPixelCostNolighting51Onevertexlight401Threevertexlights601Threepixellights1850+Texture+1+2+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBasicEffect0-3directionalligDualTextureEffectDualTextureEffectForlightmaps,detailtextures,decalsBlendstwotexturesSeparatetexturecoordinatesModulate2Xcombinemode(A*B*2)GoodvisualsatlowpixelcostVertexCostPixelCostTwoTextures76+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsDualTextureEffectDualTextureEfAlphaTestEffectForbillboardsandimpostersAddsalphatestoperations(pixelkill)StandardblendingisfreewithalleffectsOnlyneedalphatestifyouwantto

disabledepth/stencilwritesAlphaTestEffectVertexCostPixelCost<,<=,>=,>66==,!=610+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAlphaTestEffectForbillboardsSkinnedEffectSkinnedEffectForanimatedmodelsandinstancingGamecodeanimatesbonesonCPUVertexskinningperformedbyGPUUpto72bonesOne,two,orfourweightspervertexVertexCostPixelCostOnevertexlight554Threevertexlights754Threepixellights3351+Twobones+7+0+Fourbones+13+0+Fog+0+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsSkinnedEffectSkinnedEffectForEnvironmentMapEffectEnvironmentMapEffectOooh,shiny!Diffusetexture+cubeenvironmentmapCheapwaytofakemanycomplexlightsFresneltermsimulatesbehaviorwhenlightreaches

asurfaceandsomereflects,somepenetratesVertexCostPixelCostOnelight326Threelights366+Fresnel+7+0+Specular+0+2+Fog+0+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsEnvironmentMapEffectEnvironmenABalancingActFramerateNumberofPixelsPixelCost锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsABalancingActFramerateNumberBalancingFramerateFramerate30hzrefreshrateNopointupdatingfasterthanthedisplay!Game.TargetElapsedTime=TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1f/30);锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBalancingFramerateFramerate30ABalancingActPixelCostPrefercheapereffectsMinimizeoverdrawManyknownalgorithms:Distance,frustum,BSP,sortfronttobackImplement“overdrawx-raymode”DrawuntexturedwithadditiveblendingBrighterareasindicateoverdraw锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsABalancingActPixelCostPrefeABalancingActNumberofPixels800x480is25%morepixelsthanXbox1GreatfortextToomanypixelsforintensivegames800x480=384,000pixels600x360=216,000pixels(56%)DedicatedhardwarescalerDoesnotconsumeanyGPUHigherqualitythanbilinearupsampling锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsABalancingActNumber800x480iScalerDemo锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsScalerDemo锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rXNAFrameworkAPICheatSheetAvoidPreferRenderTargetUsage.PreserveContentsRenderTargetUsage.DiscardContentsdevice.BlendState=newBlendState{...};//AtstartupstaticBlendStatemyState=newBlendState{...};//PerframeDevice.BlendState=myState;VertexBuffer.SetData(...)device.DrawUserPrimitives(...);//orDynamicVertexBuffer.SetData(...,SetDataOptions.NoOverwrite);锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsXNAFrameworkAPICheatSheetASummaryGreatperformancecomesfromgreatknowledgeUnderstandActionsValuetypesvs.referencetypesGarbagecollectionC#compilermagic(foreach,iteratormethods,closures)CostofthedifferentgraphicaleffectoptionsUseCLRProfilerand.NETReflectorRendersmallerthandisplayresolution,relyonscaler锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsSummaryGreatperformancecomes©2019MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.Microsoft,Windows,WindowsVistaandotherproductnamesareormayberegisteredtrademarksand/ortrademarksintheU.S.and/orothercountries.TheinformationhereinisforinformationalpurposesonlyandrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationasofthedateofthispresentation.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationprovidedafterthedateofthispresentation.

MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESS,IMPLIEDORSTATUTORY,ASTOTHEINFORMATIONINTHISPRESENTATION.锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs©2019MicrosoftCorporation.RequiredSlide锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsRequiredSlide锐普PPT论坛chinakui首BuildingaHighPerformance3DGames

forWindowsPhoneAdamSchaefferMicrosoftCorporationSESSIONCODE:WPH308锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发rapidbbsBuildingaHighPerformance3DConsistentsetsofhardwarecapabilitiesdefinedbyMicrosoftWindowsPhone7HardwareResolutionTouchInputCPU/GPURAMHardwarekeyboardisoptional锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsConsistentsetsofhardwarecaTheCPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheCPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidTheEvolutionOfProgrammingLowlevelcontrolStraighttothemetalRawperformancetuningHighlevelabstractionRelyoncompilerandruntimeDeveloperproductivity锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheEvolutionOfProgrammingLoWhyC#r0x0rzPowerfulandexpressiveTypesafetyreduceshard-to-track-downbugsReflectionInitializersyntaxGreattooling(IntelliSense)SimilarenoughtoCthatlearningandportingareeasyBlazinglyfastcompilesC#锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsWhyC#r0x0rzPowerfulandexpr.NETonWindowsUsuallywithinafewpercentofnativeperformanceAwesomegenerationalgarbagecollectionPerformanceshootout:RaymondChenvs.RicoMarianis.msdn/ricom/archive/2019/05/10/416151.aspx锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonWindowsUsuallywithin.NETonXbox360360Significantdeltabetweenmanagedandnative.NETCompactFrameworkSimplisticmark-and-sweepgarbagecollectionXboxisnotageneralpurposecomputerUnforgivingin-orderCPUarchitectureRequirescustomVMXinstructionsforoptimalmathperfSecurityarchitectureposeschallengesforjittedcode锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonXbox360360Significant.NETonWindowsPhone7InbetweenWindowsandXbox360.NETCompactFrameworkKeepaneyeongarbagecollection!ARMv7CPUMoreforgivingtowardjittedcodeARMjitterismorematurethanPPC锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs.NETonWindowsPhone7InbetwWaysToCallCodeInstancemethodInterfaceDelegate/eventReflectionVirtualmethod锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsWaysToCallCodeInstancemethChooseYourOwnAddressC++allowsindependentchoiceof.NETtypesdictatetheirallocationandusagesemanticsDatatypeThememoryinwhichatypelives(placementnew)Howatypeinstanceisreferenced(T,T*,T&,constT&)Valuetypesint,bool,struct,Vector3Referencetypesclass,array,string,delegate,boxedvaluetypes锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsChooseYourOwnAddressC++allAPopularMythOft-repeatedwisdomValuetypesliveonthestackReferencetypeslive

ontheheapValuetypeslivewherevertheyaredeclaredReferencetypeshavetwopieces

Memoryallocatedfromtheheap

ApointertothisheapmemoryThatissubtlyincorrect锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAPopularMythOft-repeatedwisBydefault,

preferclassoverstructureUsestructforthingsthatareclassvs.structSmall(<=16bytes)ShortlivedPasslargestructuresbyreferenceMatrixa,b,c;c=Matrix.Multiply(a,b);//copies192bytes!Matrix.Multiply(refa,refb,outc);锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBydefault,

preferclassoverMemoryManagementC++.NETAllocateInitiallyfast,becomingslowerasfragmentationincreasesVeryfast,apartfromperiodicgarbagecollectionsFreeFastInstantaneousFragmentationIncreasesovertimeNoneCachecoherencyRequirescustomallocatorsThingsallocatedcloseintimearealsocloseinphysicallocationGarbagecollectionisnotoptionalCan’thavetypesafetywithoutautomaticmemorymanagement锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsMemoryManagementC++.NETAllocaMarkandSweepTriggeredpermegabyteofallocation1Startswithrootreferences(stackvariables,statics)2Recursivelyfollowsallreferencestosee

whatotherobjectscanbereached3Anythingwedidn’treachmustbegarbage4Compactstheheap,slidingliveobjectsdowntofillholes5锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsMarkandSweepTriggeredpermeFrameworksdesigned

forperformanceFrameworksdesigned

forperformanceTwoWaysToKeepGCHappyMakeitrunLessOftenIfyouneverallocate,GCwillneverrunMakeitFinishQuicklyCollectiontimeisproportionaltohowmanyobjectreferencesmustbetraversedUseobjectpoolsSimpleheap=fastcollectionUsevaluetypesandintegerhandles锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTwoWaysToKeepGCHappyMakeGC.CollectExplicitlyforces

agarbagecollectionUsewiselytogiveyourselfmoreheadroomAfterloadingDuringpausesingameplayDon’tcalleveryframe!锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsGC.CollectExplicitlyforces

aAvoidingAllocationBewareofboxingstringvs.StringBuilderUseWeakReferencetotrackGCfrequencyhttp://s.msdn/shawnhar/archive/2019/10/12/monitoring-the-garbage-collector.aspxUseCLRProfileronWindowsSeeMIX’10talk:“DevelopmentandDebuggingToolsforWindowsPhone7Series”Use.NETReflectortopeekbehindthecurtainhttp://red-gate/products/reflector/锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAvoidingAllocationBewareofbTheGPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsTheGPU锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidPlushardwareaccelerated2DspritedrawingFiveConfigurableEffectsBasicEffectSkinnedEffectEnvironmentMapEffectAlphaTestEffectDualTextureEffect锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsPlushardwareaccelerated2DsBasicEffect0-3directionallightsBlinn-PhongshadingOptionaltextureOptionalfogOptionalvertexcolorBasicEffectVertexCostPixelCostNolighting51Onevertexlight401Threevertexlights601Threepixellights1850+Texture+1+2+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBasicEffect0-3directionalligDualTextureEffectDualTextureEffectForlightmaps,detailtextures,decalsBlendstwotexturesSeparatetexturecoordinatesModulate2Xcombinemode(A*B*2)GoodvisualsatlowpixelcostVertexCostPixelCostTwoTextures76+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsDualTextureEffectDualTextureEfAlphaTestEffectForbillboardsandimpostersAddsalphatestoperations(pixelkill)StandardblendingisfreewithalleffectsOnlyneedalphatestifyouwantto

disabledepth/stencilwritesAlphaTestEffectVertexCostPixelCost<,<=,>=,>66==,!=610+Fog+4+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsAlphaTestEffectForbillboardsSkinnedEffectSkinnedEffectForanimatedmodelsandinstancingGamecodeanimatesbonesonCPUVertexskinningperformedbyGPUUpto72bonesOne,two,orfourweightspervertexVertexCostPixelCostOnevertexlight554Threevertexlights754Threepixellights3351+Twobones+7+0+Fourbones+13+0+Fog+0+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsSkinnedEffectSkinnedEffectForEnvironmentMapEffectEnvironmentMapEffectOooh,shiny!Diffusetexture+cubeenvironmentmapCheapwaytofakemanycomplexlightsFresneltermsimulatesbehaviorwhenlightreaches

asurfaceandsomereflects,somepenetratesVertexCostPixelCostOnelight326Threelights366+Fresnel+7+0+Specular+0+2+Fog+0+2锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbs锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsEnvironmentMapEffectEnvironmenABalancingActFramerateNumberofPixelsPixelCost锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsABalancingActFramerateNumberBalancingFramerateFramerate30hzrefreshrateNopointupdatingfasterthanthedisplay!Game.TargetElapsedTime=TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1f/30);锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsBalancingFramerateFramerate30ABalancingActPixelCostPrefercheapereffectsMinimizeoverdrawManyknownalgorithms:Distance,frustum,BSP,sortfronttobackImplement“overdrawx-raymode”DrawuntexturedwithadditiveblendingBrighterareasindicateoverdraw锐普PPT论坛chinakui首发：rapidbbsABalancingActPixelCostPrefeABalancingActNumberofPixels800x480is25%morepixelsthanXbox1GreatfortextToomanypixelsforintensivegames800x480=38

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