国际交流英语视听说B3U8

Unit8EmotionsandPersonalityBook3ThinkandDiscussViewingtheWorldExploringtheThemeAnalyticalListeningSharingYourIdeasEngagingFurtherListeningContentUnit8EmotionsandPersonalityThink

andDiscussLookatthegirlinthepicture.Howdoyouthinkshefeels?Whatfactorsdoyouthinkshapeaperson’spersonality?WhatistheattitudetowardpsychologistsandpsychotherapyinChina?Localgirlsridehome-madetoboggansdownoneofthegiantsanddunesinMuiNe,Vietnam.QuestionsExampleAnswersThegirlissmiling,sosheisprobablyhappyandhavingfunwithherfriends.Lookatthegirlinthepicture.Howdoyouthinkshefeels?QuestionsWhatfactorsdoyouthinkshapeaperson’spersonality?ExampleAnswer1Ithinkourpersonalityisshapedbyourfamilyaswearegrowingup.Ourparents,especially,encourageustobehappy,orhard-working,orserious,orquicktogetangry,forexample.QuestionsWhatfactorsdoyouthinkshapeaperson’spersonality?ExampleAnswer2Ithinkourpersonalityisshapedbyourgenetics.Inotherwords,weinheritsomeorallofourpersonalityfromourparentsandotherancestors.QuestionsWhatistheattitudetowardpsychologistsandpsychotherapyinChina?ExampleAnswersThereare,orcourse,manydifferentattitudestowardpsychologistsandpsychotherapyinChina.Somepeoplehaveanegativeattitudetowardthem.Theymightthinkthatpeoplewithpoormentalhealthjustneedtobestrongandcarryon.ButasChinesesocietyhasundergonemajorchangesinrecentdecades,otherpeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofgoodmentalhealth,andtheythinkthatpsychologistsandpsychotherapyareanimportantpartoftheChinesehealthcaresystem.QuestionsExploringtheThemeUnit8EmotionsandPersonalityLookatthephotosandthegraphicandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.Lookatthemasksinthemainphoto.Whatfacialexpressionsdoyousee?WhatpercentageofpeopleinNewZealandarethriving?InMalawi?Basedonthisinformation,wouldyousaythathappinesshasmoretodowithwealthorwithotherfactors?Explain.WhatdoyouthinkthepollnumberswouldbeforChina?EmotionsandPersonalityEmotionsandPersonalityHowDoYouMeasureHappiness?AccordingtotheGallupWorldPoll,moneydoeshavesomethingtodowithacountry’shappiness,butitisn’tthewholestory.Inthecountriesthatscoredhighestinthepoll,peoplealsofeltthattheirsocialandpsychologicalneedswerebeingmet.Here’showGallupmeasuredhappiness:1.Percentagethriving:Peoplewereaskedabouttheiroverallsatisfactionwiththeirdailylives,includingtheirincome.Thosewhoare“thriving”aredoingwellfinancially.2.

Dailyexperience:Peoplewereaskedhowtheyhadfeltthedaybeforeonascaleof1–10.Factorssuchassleepingwell,beingfreeofpain,andbeingrespectedbyotherpeoplemakeupthisdata.HappiestCountryinAustralasia:NewZealandPercentagethriving:63%Dailyexperience:7.6EmotionsandPersonalityHappiestCountryinAfrica:MalawiPercentagethriving:25%Dailyexperience:8EmotionsandPersonalityYoungpeoplewearingmaskspassthroughamustard(芥菜)fieldontheirwaytoafestivalinCatalonia,Spain.EmotionsandPersonalityGallupWorldPoll:anannualsurveyofaround160countriesaroundtheworld.Itattemptstoprovideinformationaboutthethoughtsandbehaviorsofpeoplearoundtheworld.盖洛普世界民意调查EmotionsandPersonalityAustralasia:theregionoftheworldwhichincludesAustralia,NewZealand,NewGuinea,andotherislandsofthesouthernPacificOcean.Thetermmeans“southofAsia”.澳大拉西亚EmotionsandPersonalityMalawi:acountryinthesoutheastofAfrica.Itisoneoftheworld’sleastdevelopedcountries.马拉维（非洲东南部国家）EmotionsandPersonalityLookatthemasksinthemainphoto.Whatfacialexpressionsdoyousee?

ExampleAnswersSomeofthefacialexpressionsonthemaskslooksurprised,frightenedorapprehensive,happy,andangryorirritated.EmotionsandPersonalityWhatpercentageofpeopleinNewZealandarethriving?InMalawi?Basedonthisinformation,wouldyousaythathappinesshasmoretodowithwealthorwithotherfactors?Explain.ExampleAnswersInNewZealand,63%ofpeoplearethriving,andinMalawi,only25%ofpeoplearethriving.Ontheotherhand,peopleinMalawiareevenhappierthanpeopleinNewZealand,soI’dsaythatmoneyhaslittletodowithwealth.Itmust,therefore,havemoretodowithotherfactors.Ontheotherhand,Malawimaybeanexception,andpeoplemayactuallybelesshappyinthemajorityofpoorercountries.EmotionsandPersonalityWhatdoyouthinkthepollnumberswouldbeforChina?ExampleAnswersIthinklessthan30%ofpeopleinChinaare“thriving”economically,butChinesepeopleingeneraldescribethemselvesas“happy”or“neitherhappynorunhappy”.ThatmeansChina’ssituationmaybemorecomparabletoMalawi’sthantoNewZealand’s.EventhoughChina’spollnumbersforwealtharefairlylow,Ithinkthepollnumbersforhappinessareaverageoraboveaverage.EmotionsandPersonalityAnalyticalListeningUnit8EmotionsandPersonalityNancyMorales南希·莫拉莱斯（人名）EugeneBateman尤金·贝特曼（人名）triggerv.引发，激发Listening1Arehumanbeingsbornwithafearofcertainthingssuchasthissnake,ordowelearnfromthepeoplearounduswhatweshouldfear?Listening1Rhesusmonkeysaresometimesusedforscientificresearch.Listening1BeforeListeningListening1PredictingContent.Youaregoingtohearaninterviewaboutfearonaradiotalkshow.Whataspectsoffeardoyouthinkwillbediscussed?Shareyourideaswithapartner.ExampleAnswersThepeopleontheradiotalkshowmightdiscussdifferentthingspeopleareafraidof,forexamplesnakes,thedark,orhighplaces.Theymightalsodiscusswhetherthesefearsarerational,andwhetherwelearntobeafraidofthemorwe’rebornbeingafraidofthem.Listening1A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readthequestions.Thenlistentotheinterviewandanswerthequestions.ARadioInterviewListeningListening11.Whatarethetwospeakers’professions?__________________________________2.Whatquestiondotheywanttoanswer?__________________________________3.Whatistheanswertothequestionyouidentifiedinquestion2?__________________________________4.Whatkindofevidencedoesthemangiveforhisanswer?__________________________________AnswerKeys1.Onepersonisaradiotalk-showhostandtheotherisapsychologistandresearcheratauniversity.2.Theywanttoknowwhetherwelearntobeafraidofcertainthings,orifweinheritsomethingfromourancestorsthattriggersourfear.3.Whatweinheritisatendencytofearcertainthings—thesamethingsourancientancestorsfeared.Ontheotherhand,wehavetolearnfromothersaroundusaswell.Listening1Tobecontinued>>>AnswerKeys(Continued)4.Hedescribesastudyinwhichlabmonkeysthathadnofearofsnakesdevelopedafearofsnakesafterwatchingvideosofwildmonkeysactingafraidofsnakes.Whenthelabmonkeyswatchedvideosofwildmonkeysthatappearedtobeafraidofflowers,however,thelabmonkeysdidnotdevelopafearofflowers.Listening1B|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck(✔)TfortrueorFforfalse.Correctthefalsestatements.Listening1Tobecontinued>>>TF1.Theradiohost’snameisNancyMorales.☐☐2.Themansaysthatthefearresponseprotectedourancientancestorsfromdangerssuchashungrytigers.☐☐3.Theman’sexampleofputtingourfootonthebrakesinacarisanexampleofalearnedfearresponse.☐☐B|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck(✔)TfortrueorFforfalse.Correctthefalsestatements.Listening1TF4.Themansaysthatresearcherswereabletoteachlabmonkeystobeafraidofflowers.☐☐5.Themansaysthatwhatwetendtofeararedifferentfromwhatourancestorsfeared.☐☐AnswerKeys1.T2.F(Hementionsahungrylion.)3.F(Wecaninferthatit’spartlylearnedandpartlyinherited.)4.F(Themonkeysdidnotdevelopafearofflowers.)5.F(Whatweinheritisatendencytofearthesamethingsourancestorsfeared.)Listening1Listening1AfterListeningA|Summarizing.Talktoyourpartnerabouttheexperimentswithmonkeys.Whatdidtheresearchersdoandwhatdidtheylearnfromtheexperiments?ExampleAnswersAstudywasdoneinwhichlabmonkeysthathadnofearofsnakesdevelopedafearofsnakesafterwatchingvideosofwildmonkeysactingafraidofsnakes.Whenthelabmonkeyswatchedvideosofwildmonkeysthatappearedtobeafraidofflowers,however,thelabmonkeysdidnotdevelopafearofflowers.Listening1B|

RankingInformation.Formagroupwithanotherpairofstudents.Readthelistofthingsthatmightcausefear,addoneideaofyourown,andthenrankthemfrom1(themostfrightening)to7(theleastfrightening)accordingtotheleveloffeartheycauseyou.Discussanydifferencesofopinion.___seeingamouse,alargespider,etc.___swimmingintheocean___takinganimportantexam___goingalonetoasocialeventsuchasaparty___flyingonanairplane___speakingorperforminginfrontofalargegroup___yourgroup’sidea:__________________________Listening1ExampleAnswers(Answersmayvary.)•Seeingamouse,alargespider,etc.isfrighteningbecausetheymovequicklyandtheycanbite.•Swimmingintheoceanisfrighteningbecausestrongcurrentscancausepeopletodrownanddangerousseaanimalscanhurtorkillpeople.•Takinganimportantexamisfrighteningbecausetheexamcanhavemajorconsequences,whichcanbepositiveornegative;forexample,gettingintoagooduniversity(ornot)ormakingone’sparentsproud(ornot).Listening1Tobecontinued>>>ExampleAnswers(Continued)•Goingalonetoasocialeventsuchasapartyisfrighteningbecausewedon’twanttobeembarrassed,anditcanbeuncomfortabletomeetnewpeopleandthinkofinterestingtopicsofconversation.•Flyingonanairplaneisfrighteningbecauseplanessometimescrashandpeoplecanbehurtorkilledwhenthathappens.•Speakingorperforminginfrontofalargegroupisfrighteningbecausewemightnotrememberwhatwewanttosay,ortheaudiencemightnotlikeus.Listening1Tobecontinued>>>ExampleAnswers(Continued)•Ourgroup’sidea:Goingtoseeadoctorordentistisfrighteningbecausetheysometimeshavetodosomethingpainful,andwedon’twanttofeelpain.Listening1Listening1C|Discussion.Discussthequestionswithyourgroup.1.Doyouthinkallhumanemotionsareuniversal,oraresomeofthemspecifictocertaincultures?2.IncertainEuropeancountries,itiscustomarytokissonceoneachcheekwhenmeetinganacquaintanceorafriend.InChina,however,itiscustomarytowavefromashortdistancewhendepartingfromfriends,co-workersandevenclosefamilymembers.CanweconcludethatChinesepeoplepurposelychoosetoavoidshowingtheiremotions?Whyorwhynot?ExampleAnswer1Ithinkallhumanemotionsareuniversalbecausehumanbeingsareallthesamekindofcreature,withsimilarbodiesandsimilarexperiences.Theseemotionsaresimplyhumannature,andtheyareexpressedintheartandliteratureofanyculture.1.Doyouthinkallhumanemotionsareuniversal,oraresomeofthemspecifictocertaincultures?Listening1ExampleAnswer2Ithinksomehumanemotionsarespecifictocertainculturesbecausenoteverycultureplacesthesamevalueoneverythingorthinksabouteverythinginthesameway.Shameorembarrassment,forexample,dependonourculture’sideasaboutwhatcausesthoseemotions,andwelearnthoseideaswhenwegrowupwithinacertainculture.1.Doyouthinkallhumanemotionsareuniversal,oraresomeofthemspecifictocertaincultures?Listening1ExampleAnswer1IthinkwecanconcludethatChinesepeoplechoosenottoshowtheiremotionsbecausewhengreetingpeople,theChinesemaintainmorephysicaldistance.Thisindicatesadesiretomaintainemotionaldistanceaswell.2.CanweconcludethatChinesepeoplepurposelychoosetoavoidshowingtheiremotions?Whyorwhynot?Listening1ExampleAnswer2Ithinkwecannotcometothisconclusionbasedonthisinformation.Customarygreetingsarenotthesameasshowingemotions.Theydon’tsayanythingabouthowmuchrespectoraffectionwehaveforotherpeople,exceptperhapswhenwedon’tfollowthecustoms,whichcanseemdisrespectful.2.CanweconcludethatChinesepeoplepurposelychoosetoavoidshowingtheiremotions?Whyorwhynot?Listening1Itcanbedifficulttotalkaboutemotions,butitcanalsohelptobuildfriendshipsandletpeopleknowwhatwe’refeeling,especiallywhensomethingiswrong.Whentalkingaboutdifficulttopics,modifyingourwordsinordertosoftenorminimizethemcanbehelpful.Herearesomeusefulwordsandexpressionswecanuse.kindofsortofalittleabitjustListening1RadioHost:WelcomebacktoTalkRadiotenninety-four.I’myourhost,NancyMorales,andwe’retalkingtodaywithDr.EugeneBateman,apsychologistfromtheNationalUniversity.Goodmorning,Dr.Bateman.Guest:Goodmorning,Nancy.Thankyouforhavingme.RadioHost:Thankyouforbeinghere.Now,yourresearchareaisthehumanfearresponse,ormorespecifically,thequestionofwhetherwelearntobeafraidofcertainthings,orifweinheritsomethingfromourancestorsthattriggersourfear.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Guest:That’sright,Nancy,andwe’retalkingaboutourdistant,distantancestors—peoplewholivedalongtimeago—tensofthousandsofyearsago.Backthen,reactingquicklytosomethinglikea,likeafallingrockorahungrylionwasagoodqualityinahumanbeing.Itmeantthatheorshewasmorelikelytosurvive,morelikelytolivelongenoughtohavechildren,andmorelikelytopassontheirgenestotheirchildren.RadioHost:OK,butpeopletodaydon’thavetodealwithhungrylionsveryoften.So,whatdoesthefearresponsedoforus?Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Guest:Well,itstillkeepsusoutoftroubleandhelpsustosurvive.Imaginethatyou’redrivingacar,andthecarinfrontofyousuddenlystops.There’saseriesofeventsthattakesplaceinourbrainsthatmakesourbodiesreact—inthiscase,byputtingourfootonthebrakes—thattakesplacebeforeweevenrealizewhatishappening.Itallhappensmuchfasterthanourconsciousthoughtprocesses.RadioHost:Thatsoundslikeaprettyusefulphenomenon.Doesitconfirmthatwedoinheritourknowledgeofwhattofearfromourancientancestors?Guest:Yes,andno.Someinterestingexperimentswereconductedwithmonkeysthatwereraisedinalaboratory.Thesemonkeyshadzeroexperiencewithbeingoutdoors,right?Sothey—theresearchers—showedthemonkeyssomesnakes.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1RadioHost:Andwerethelabmonkeysafraidofthesnakes?Guest:Notatall,atleast—notatfirst.Thentheresearchersshowedthemonkeysvideosofwildmonkeyshavingafearfulreactiontosnakes.Afterthat,thelabmonkeysbecameafraidofsnakestooastheylearnedtoassociatethesightofasnakewithafearfulreaction.RadioHost:Sotheylearnedthefearfromthewildmonkeys,inasense.Guest:That’sright,buthere’stheinterestingpart.Whentheresearcherschangedthevideossothatthewildmonkeysappearedtobeafraidofflowers,thelabmonkeysdevelopednofearofflowersatall!RadioHost:Huh...smartmonkeys.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1Guest:Exactly,andthat’swheretheinheritedaspectoffearcomesintothepicture.Whatweinheritisatendencytofearcertainthings—thesamethingsourancientancestorsfeared.Ontheotherhand,wehavetolearnfromothersaroundusaswell;otherwise,thefearresponsedoesn’toccur.RadioHost:Thatisveryinteresting.Fearseemslikesuchabasicresponse.Itwouldn’thaveoccurredtomethatwewouldneedtolearnitfromanyone.Andisitthesameforpeopleasformonkeys?Guest:Itseemstobe,yes,butthat’sexactlythequestionthatmyresearchishopingtoanswer.RadioHost:ThenIwishyouluckwithyourresearch.Ladiesandgentlemen,Dr.EugeneBateman.Guest:Thankyou.Thanksverymuch,Nancy.Listening1Listening2caterern.（聚会、会议等的）酒席承办者，饮食提供者extroverteda.性格外向的introverteda.性格内向的；不善交际的CriticalThinking.IntheGallupWorldPoll,socialrelationshipswerefoundtoplayalargepartinpeople’shappiness.Formagroupwithtwotofourotherstudents.Readthelistofrelationshipsanddiscussthequestions.BeforeListeningListening2•relationshipsbetweenparentsandchildren•relationshipswithpersonalfriends•relationshipsamongsiblings•relationshipswithco-workers•relationshipswithneighbors•relationshipswithclassmatesandteachers•relationshipswithincouples•other:________________________________Listening2CriticalThinking.Listening21.What’sthenatureofeachkindofrelationship?Forexample,aretheycloserelationshipsorcasualones?Aretheyimportantforashorttimeorsituationinourlives,orforalongtime?Whataresomecharacteristicsofeachtypeofrelationship?2.Howimportantiseachkindofrelationshipinyourownlife?Explain.ExampleAnswersforQ1&Q2•Relationshipsbetweenparentsandchildrenarecloserelationships,andtheyareimportantforalongtime.Peopleoftenhaveverystrongfeelingsabouttheirparentsandtheirchildren.•Relationshipswithpersonalfriendscanbeveryclose,buttheydon’talwayslastalongtimesincefriendshipcanbebasedonhavingthingsincommon,andpeopleandsituationschangeovertime.•Relationshipsamongsiblingscanbecloseordistantdependingonhowwelltheygetalong.Aswithparentsandchildren,ourfeelingsaboutoursiblingscanbequitestrong.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>ExampleAnswersforQ1&Q2(Continued)•Relationshipswithco-workersareusuallycasualrelationshipsthatlastaslongasbothpeopleareworkingtogether.Weusuallydon’tspendmuchtimewithcoworkersoutsideofwork.•Relationshipswithneighborscanbecloseorcasual,andsometimesneighborshavenorelationshipatall,especiallyincrowdedbuildingsorneighborhoods.Mostpeoplewantafriendlyneighborwhoisalsohelpfulfromtimetotime.•Relationshipswithclassmatesandteachersarecasualrelationshipsthatonlylastaslongastheclasslasts.Mostpeoplewantclassmatesandteacherstobepoliteandhelpful.Wedon’texpectthemtobecomeclosefriends.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>ExampleAnswersforQ1&Q2(Continued)•Relationshipsbetweencouplesareveryclose,andthey’reimportantforalongtime.Aspouseisusuallythepersonwhoknowsusbestinadulthood.•other:relationshipswithonlinefriendswhowemeetontheInternetThisisarelativelynewkindofrelationship,andsomepeoplehaveonlinefriendsthatareasclosetothemasfriendstheymeetinperson.Otherpeoplesimplyhaveinterestsincommonandacasualfriendshipwiththepeopletheymeetonline.Listening2AnInformalConversationA|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readthequestions.Thenlistentoaconversationbetweenamarriedcouple,LeoandReba,andanswerthequestions.ListeningListening21.Whatkindofpartydidthecouplegoto?________________________________________________2.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?________________________________________________Tobecontinued>>>Thecouplewenttoapartyfortheman’sco-workers.Themainconversationtopicisthepersonalitiesoftheco-workers.A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Listening23.Dothespeakersseemlikeintrovertedorextrovertedpeople?Why?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatsuggestiondoesthemanmakeattheendoftheconversation?______________________________________________________________________________________________Thespeakersseemlikeextrovertedpeoplebecausebothofthemenjoymeetingpeopleandhavingconversationsinasocialsituation.Themansuggeststhattheymeethiscoworkersatarestaurantorsoccergame—notatthecouple’shouse.B|ListeningforDetails.Listenagainandtakenotesontheconversationusingyourownwords.Whatdothespeakerssayabouteachperson?Listening2AnswerKeysGloria•nice,friendly,charming•tellsfunnystories•chosetheCatererThemanager•nice(madesuretheyknewcaterer’slatenessnotGloria’sfault)•extrovertedpersonality•triestomakepeoplefeelcomfortableToby•introverted(anxietyaroundnewpeople)•goodcoworker•finew/smallergroupsListening2AfterListeningListening2A|PlanningaPresentation.Formagroupwithfourotherstudentsandpreparetorole-playaconversationfromthepartyyouheardaboutintheListeningsection.Followthedirectionsbelow.1.Eachgroupmemberisassignedarole.LeoandReba:ThecoupleGloria:Theco-workerThemanagerToby:Theco-workerTobecontinued>>>Listening2A|PlanningaPresentation.2.Makealistofthescenesfromtheparty.Forexample,LeoandRebaarriving;Gloriagreetingthemandtellingherstory,etc.Youdonotneedtoactouttheconversationaftertheparty,onlythepartyitself.3.Practicetherole-playusingyourownwordstoactoutthescenes.Youdonotneedtowriteoutwhatyou’regoingtosay,butyoushouldspeakthewayyourcharacterwouldspeak.Listening2Tobecontinued>>>ExampleAnswersScenesfromthepartySamplelinesThecouplearrivingGloria:Hi!It’snicetoseeyou!YoumustbeLeo’swife.Reba:Yes,I’mReba.It’snicetomeetyou!ThefoodarrivinglateLeo:Wasn’tthefoodsupposedtobehereat7:00?Manager:You’reright.Everyone—thefoodishere!Itlooksgreat,soyoucanthankGloriaforchoosingagoodcaterer.Theywerealittlelate,butthatwasn’tGloria’sfault.Pleasehelpyourselvestosomefood!RebatryingtotalkwithTobyReba:Hi,I’mReba.AreyouoneofToby’sco-workers?Toby:Yes…um…excuseme.Listening2B|Presentation.Gettogetherwithanothergroupwhowillbetheaudienceforyourrole-play.Performyourrole-playfortheothergroup.Listening2C|Discussion.Aftereveryonehasfinisheddoingtheirrole-plays,discussthequestionsasagroup.1.Wasiteasyordifficultforyoutoplaythecharacteryouwereassigned?Whyorwhynot?2.Whatdidyoulearnfromdoingtherole-play?Forexample,diditincreaseyourcomprehensionofthelisteningpassage?Diditleadyoutothinkmoredeeplyabouteachcharacter’spersonality?ExampleAnswer1ItwaseasytoplaymycharacterbecauseI’mextrovertedlikemycharacter.Icouldjustbemyself.1.Wasiteasyordifficultforyoutoplaythecharacteryouwereassigned?Whyorwhynot?Listening2ExampleAnswer2ItwasdifficulttoplaymycharacterbecauseIwassupposedtobethemanager,andIhadtosayalot.1.Wasiteasyordifficultforyoutoplaythecharacteryouwereassigned?Whyorwhynot?Listening2ExampleAnswersDoingtherole-playdidmakemelistentotheconversationmorecarefullyinordertore-createthescenesfromthepartyandunderstandeachcharacter.Ialsolearnedthatusingourimaginationtoexpandontheinformationinthelisteninghelpedustore-createtheparty.Formostofthestudents,therole-playactivitywasalotoffun.2.Whatdidyoulearnfromdoingtherole-play?Forexample,diditincreaseyourcomprehensionofthelisteningpassage?Diditleadyoutothinkmoredeeplyabouteachcharacter’spersonality?Listening2Role-playingisacommonactivityinlanguageclassesbecauseitprovidessemi-realisticsituationsforpracticingspeakingandlisteningskills.Butrole-playsareusedinothersituationsaswell;forexample,inapsychologycourse,arole-playcanbeawaytoexperiencesomeoneelse’sviewpointby“standingintheirshoes”,ortodemonstratehowpeople’sstateofmindcanaffectasituation.Role-playscanalsobeusedinworksituations.Forexample,topracticeTobecontinued>>>Listening2animportantconversationweplantohavewithaco-workerorboss.Role-playingcanalsobehelpfulwhenpreparingapresentationforanysituation.Afriendorfamilymembercanrole-playanaudiencememberbyaskingthetypesofquestionswemightbeaskedduringourpresentation.Whenrole-playing,it’simportanttogetoveranyembarrassmentwemightfeelandparticipatefullyintherole-playinordertogainthemostfromit.ThismeansactingTobecontinued>>>Listening2outtherolesweareassignedandnotlaughingorsayingthingsthatare“outofcharacter”.Arole-playcanbeanexcellentlearningtool,butonlyiftheparticipantscanputanyuncomfortablefeelingsaside.Listening2Leo:So,didyouenjoytheparty?Reba:Idid.Itwasreallynicetomeetallofthepeopleyouworkwith.They’reabigpartofyourlife,afterall.Leo:Yeah,sometimestoobigapart,maybe.Reba:Oh,comeon.Theyseemlikeprettynicepeople—especiallyGloria.Shesaid“hi”tomerightaway.Ithoughtshewasreallycharming.Ilovedthestoryshetoldusabouthercaraccident.Thatwasprettyfunny.Leo:Right...shecanmakeanythingseemfunny.Iguessallofmyco-workershavetheirpositiveattributes.Reba:Likeyourmanager.Whenyougotalittlebitupsetaboutthefoodarrivinglate,hemadesureeveryoneknewitwasn’tGloria’sfault.Imean,shemayhavechosenthecaterer,buttheybroughtthefoodlate,nother.Tobecontinued>>>Listening2Leo:Yeah,that’strue.He’salwaysdoingthingslikethat.He’sareallyniceguy.He’sprettyextroverted,sohelikestotalktoeveryone.Andifsomebodyisfeelingawkward,hesayssomethingtomakethemfeelcomfortable.He’sgotgreatsocialskills,whichIguessispartofthereasonwhyhe’ssuchagoodmanager.Reba:Thatisanimportantqualityinamanager.ButwhataboutToby?Itriedtotalktohimatonepoint,buthe,hejustwalkedaway.Itseemedlikehewasavoidinganykindofinteraction.Ishejustreallyshyorsomething?Leo:Yeah,Tobyisreallyintroverted,andIthinkheexperiencesalotofanxietywhenhe’saroundalot