迎接数字化通信时代的挑战课件

迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信郑国莘迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要一、世界是数字化的01101101010100111...人类基因密码一、世界是数字化的01101101010100111...人无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机一、世界是数字化的无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机一、世界是数字化的数字化的通信Data/VoiceAccessPointsEveryThing.OverIPIPOverEveryThingPSTN

CATV

INTERNET数字化的通信Data/VoiceAccessPoints迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要知识构架数学计算机基础物理数据结构电路、信号与系统通信原理数字电子模拟电子计算机网络计算机接口高频电子通信系统移动通信微波通信光纤通信综合课程工程实践课程理论课程知识构架数学计算机基础物理数据结构电路、信号与系统通信原理数数字通信系统

CoderCodermodulationDemodulationDecoder数字通信系统CoderCodermodulationDem模拟信号的数字化0001001000110100010110000110二进制：1234586数字序列：CoderCoder模拟信号的数字化0001001000110100010110数字信号处理FF-1微积分富氏变换拉氏变换Z变换数字信号处理数字信号处理FF-1微积分信源编码核心→信源编码→有效性编码减少份量以降低成本语音编码：PCM△MLD-CELPMBELPHi,howareyou!图像编码：JPEGMPEG-1MPEG-2MPEG-4浊音清音喉形∑信源编码核心→信源编码→有效性编码减少份量以降低MPEG-4视频编码原理MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信息、形状信息和纹理信息等3种信息的编码技术MPEG-4视频编码原理MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信H.261视频编码原理H.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑是在一般电话网中传输的，带宽和码率是其考虑的核心问题。

H.261视频编码原理H.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑MC帧差编码原理DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之间的相关性来对当前值进行预测MC帧差编码原理DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之MPEG－2音频压缩编码标准MPEG－2则针对数字电视的视音频压缩编码，对数字电视各种等级的压缩编码方案及图像编码中划分的层次作了详细的规定，其编码码率可从3Mbps到100Mbps。

MPEG－2音频压缩编码标准MPEG－2则针对数字电视的视音信道编码包装→信道编码→可靠性编码增加冗余量以确保安全奇偶校验1001000→10010001发现1位错误重复码1→1110→000纠正1位错误，发现2位错误GSM→CRC编码信道编码包装→信道编码→可靠性编码增加冗余信道编码1000111许用码组禁用码组010100001110101011通过增加编码的位数，以牺牲信息传输速率为代价换取通信的可靠性。

0：come1:notcome信道编码1000111许用码组禁用码组01010000111信道编码2纠错码（6）信息位（9）GSM编码15位CRC码码间距000111信道编码2纠错码（6）信息位（9）GSM编码15位CR数字电子技术—计算机大厦的砖瓦1+1=10A+B=CD0001011000011011CDABDABC加法器电路向下为1向上为0世界万物微分→除法减法→减法积分→加法乘法→加法ABCD数字电子技术—计算机大厦的砖瓦1+1=100000C空中的数字无线电波HOWAREYOU!1001000100111110101111000001……….ASKFSKPSK10001001空中的数字无线电波HOWAREYOU!10010001001数字信道的多路复用TDM时分复用FDM频分复用CDMA码分多址光纤数字信道的多路复用TDM时分复用光纤无线电频谱LIGHTSHFUHFVHFHFMFLFF3*103*103*104456TVFMGSMBluetoothSatelliteVisiblelight(Hz)无线电频谱LIGHTSHFUHFVHFHFMFLFF3*10高频电子线路

数字通信的实现振荡器放大器合成器天线微波IC化信号电路电磁场基础高频电子线路

数字通信的实现振荡器IC化迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要BluetoothIntroductionGuoxinZhengSchoolofCommunicationandInformationEngineeringShanghaiUniversityBluetoothIntroductionGuoxinZArchitectureOverviewOverviewTechnicallyTopologyRadio/BasebandProtocolstackModules&SiliconDevelopmentKitsQualificationArchitectureOverviewOverviewWorldPenetration501001502002503003504001998200020022004PhonesSmartPhones4228211622372123241716203636586167827375709710910110%20%40%60%80%100%April-May96Aug-Sept96Dec-Jan96/97April-May97Aug-Sept97Dec-Jan97/98Feb-March98April-May98June-July98EntryMidHigh*70%oftotalsalesvolumeSource:GFKretailerpanelSource:EricssonofficialforecastReplacement2003400100(est.)IndustryForecastinmillionphonesSource;

Ericsson

All(SP,GER,UK,FRA,ITA)-

%DistributionbyPricesegmentofTotalSalesVolume*

(units)1995 WorldPenetration5010015020025ForecastWorldwideSales2005

Millionunits1002003004005006007008009001000mobilephonesmobileaccessoriesportablecomputersandPDA’sdesktopPCsdesktopaccessoriesprinterscordlessphonestelephoneansweringdevicesTV/VCR/DVDCD-playerMobiledevicesDesktopdevicesConsumerelectronicsSource:IDC,StrategyAnalytics,Ericsson,SilverInstituteInternetconnectiondevicecameras&misc.RemotecontrolForecastWorldwideSales2005

TheFuture?MobilephonesisbyfarthelargestsegmentwithinMobileDevices250millionmobilephoneswillbesoldyear2000630millionmobilephoneswillbesoldyear2005DesktopPCsisthelargestsegmentinDesktopDevices80milliondesktopPCswillbesoldyear2000140milliondesktopPCswillbesoldyear2005CordlessphonesisthelargestsegmentinConsumerElectronicsDevices150millioncordlessphoneswillbesoldyear2000350millioncordlessphoneswillbesoldyear2005TheFuture?MobilephonesisbyPersonalAd-hocNetworksCableReplacementLandlineData/VoiceAccessPointsWhatdoesBluetoothdoforyou?“UsageModels”PersonalAd-hocNetworksCable“Designaradiotoreplacethecableanditsconnectors…”DesignGoalsSmallimplementationsizeLowimplementationcostLowpowerconsumptionSecureandrobustforopenISMbandChallengesFastfrequencyhoppingSinglechipintegration“DesignaradiotoreplacetheGlobalOperationIndustrial-Scientific-Medical80MHzat2.45GHzGloballyavailableUnlicensedandfreetouseGlobalOperationIndustrial-SUnprecedentedCrossIndustryCommitmentSpecialInterestGroupEricsson,IBM,Intel,NokiaandToshibaAndtodaytherearemorethan2000Bluetoothadopters...UnprecedentedCrossIndustryCTechnicallySpeaking...BluetoothModuleSmallSize0.5squareinchesinproductionEventuallymovingtoasinglechipsolutionLowpower2.7V(1.62-2.75V)300Astandby,30Ainsleep,60Ahold/park3-30mAwhentransmitting1or100mWactivepowerLowPrice$25projectedtocomedowntoaround$5OEMintegrationcostDesignedforCMOSsinglechipsolutionBluetoothRadioBluetoothBluetoothLinkControllerTechnicallySpeaking...BlueTechnicalFeatures2.4GHzISMOpenbandGloballyfreeavailablefrequency,89MHzofspectrumavailableFFH/DSHybridRadio10-100mrange,personalbubble

8activedevicesperpiconet(sharedatarate)Upto10piconetsinbubble(fulldatarate)1MbpsgrossrateFutureversion:2MbpsSimultaneousvoice/datacapable432Kbps(fullduplex),721/56Kbps(asymmetric)or3simultaneousfullduplexvoiceperpiconet(CVSD@64Kbps).oracombinationofdataandvoiceTechnicalFeatures2.4GHzISMBatteryLifeTimeEstimatescalculatedwith600mAhbatteryandinternalamplifier,powerwillvarywithimplementationandapplicationLowpowerconsumptionStandbycurrent0.3mA

>3months

Voicemode10mA(onevoicechannel)>60hoursDatamodeaverage6mA(20%utilization)>100hours

LowPowerArchitectureProgrammabledatalength(elseradiosleeps)HoldandParkmodes60µADevicesconnectedbutnotparticipatingDevicecanparticipatewithin2msBatteryLifeTimeEstimatescalRobustDataandVoiceTransferBluetoothisdesignedtoberobustOpenbandinterferenceisnegotiatedby:1600frequencyhops/sShortandflexibledatapacketsAutomaticRepeatreQuest(ARQ)ForwardErrorCorrection(FEC)16bitCyclicRedundancyCheckSpeechcoding:ContinuosVariableSlopeDeltamodulation(CVSD)RobustDataandVoiceTransferBluetoothScalableSecurityProvideslinklayersecuritybetweenanytwoBluetoothradiosAuthentication(E1algorithm)Challenge/ResponsesystemEncryption(privacy)EncryptsdatabetweentwodevicesStreamcipherwithE0algorithmKeymanagementandusageConfigurableEncryptionkeylength(0-16bytes)

GovernmentexportregulationsRadionegotiatekeysizeKeygenerationwithE2-E3algorithmsAuthenticationandEncryptionkeysBluetoothScalableSecurityProTopologyRadiorangehastwovarietiesShortrange(10metersorless)0dBmradio,1mWOptimizedforshortrangedevicesHeadset,Mouse,Keyboard,etc....Longerrange(100metersorless)20dBmradio,100mWModulehasapoweramplifierbuilt-inOptimizedfordeviceschangingenvironmentsNotebooks,cellphones,accesspoints,etc.…

TopologyRadiorangehastwovaTopologyRadio/BasebandMaster/SlavemediumaccessRadio/BasebandissymmetricConnecteddevicescanbemasterorslaveCouldbemasterandslaveconcurrentlyTopologyRadio/BasebandPiconetAlldevicesinapiconethoptogetherFrequencyhoppingsequenceisdeterminedbythemastersIDPhaseofthefrequencyhoppingsequenceisdeterminedbythemastersclockTopologyPiconetTopologyPiconetPointtoPointPointtoMultipointNobasestationisneeded8concurrentdevicesMorethan200activedevices1Mb/sgrossrateTopologyPiconetTopologyScatternetDevicescansharepiconetsInterpiconetcommunicationInstantAd-hocconnections10PiconetsAggregated10Mb/sTopologyScatternetTopologyMobileTopologyAlldevicearemobileWalknet:ThewholepiconetcellismobileMakeandBrakeConnectionsTopologyMobileTopologyTopologyTopology,Scatternetmasterslave1slave2slave3masterslave4slave5Topology,ScatternetmasterslavFrequencyHoppingFrequencyHoppingConnectionProcedureStandbyWaitingtojoinapiconetInquireFindingdevicesPageConnecttoaknowndeviceConnectedActivelyonapiconet(masterorslave)Park/HoldLowPowerconnectedstatesConnectionProcedureStandbyPageandInquireScansAradiomustbeenabledtoacceptpagesorinquires(alsoinconnectedstate)PageandInquireScansAradioBluetoothProtocolStackControlRFCommHIDTCP/IPStillImageObexvCardWAPvCalBasicProvidedAdaptedApplicationFrameworkRadioBasebandLinkMan.L2CAPAudio

HCIBluetoothProtocolStackControEricssonBluetoothCore

FunctionalPartitioningSRAMFlashBASEBANDLinkControlRADIORFSectionCPULinkManagerHostInterfaceEricssonBluetoothCore

FunctiTX-balunRX-balunSwitchRFIC

AntennaFilterVCO-tankLPfilterPASwitchControl&dataFiltersandbalunsintegratedintoLTCCsubstrateRFICflipchipmountedLasertrimmingusedtooptimizeperformance100mWoptionalversionwithPAandOptionalGainControl(-30to+20dBm)SmalloutlineBGAtypepackage1mW:10.2x14x1.6mm100mW:10.2x16x1.6mmRadioModuleTX-balunRX-balunSwitchRFICAnFirstCompleteModuleRadioLinkController(Optional)FlashHostinterfaceUSBUART/PCMPAAntennaFirstCompleteModuleRadioLinkFirstCompleteModuleKeyFeaturesFCCtypeapprovedInterfacethroughUSB,UARTorPCMBluetooth1.0pre-certifiedUSB1.1compliant(VoiceandData)Smallsize,33x17x3.36mmGenericSW(HCI,L2CAP,RFCOMM)FirstCompleteModuleKeyFeatuCompleteModuleSW-stackL2CAPRadioBaseBandLinkManagerHCIHCIHigherLayersBluetoothhostBluetoothcompletemoduleEricssonBluetoothCoreCompleteModuleSW-stackL2CAPRWhatistheDeveloper’sKit?DemonstratorofBluetoothtechnologyStarterkitforproductdevelopmentApplicationsoftwaredevelopmentplatformIncreaseintegrationwithoptiontodoembeddedSWWhatistheDeveloper’sKit?DeGlobalMarketQualificationProgramRegulatoryTypeApprovalBluetoothDevices&BluetoothIdentity'Licensetosell'QualificationandTypeApprovalGlobalMarketQualificationProManufacturerBlue-toothQuali-ficationBodyAuthorizedTesthousesQualificationProgram-ConceptBluetoothAdministrativeInstanceProductincludingdocumentationanddeclaration(ICS)FeedbackLogoapprovalTestresultsAuthorizeAccreditationPreliminary!ManufacturerBlue-AuthorizedQuaBluetoothMovesFast...Websitesforlatestnewswww.ericsson.se/bluetoothWWW.ENDBluetoothMovesFast...Websit迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信郑国莘迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要一、世界是数字化的01101101010100111...人类基因密码一、世界是数字化的01101101010100111...人无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机一、世界是数字化的无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机一、世界是数字化的数字化的通信Data/VoiceAccessPointsEveryThing.OverIPIPOverEveryThingPSTN

CATV

INTERNET数字化的通信Data/VoiceAccessPoints迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要知识构架数学计算机基础物理数据结构电路、信号与系统通信原理数字电子模拟电子计算机网络计算机接口高频电子通信系统移动通信微波通信光纤通信综合课程工程实践课程理论课程知识构架数学计算机基础物理数据结构电路、信号与系统通信原理数数字通信系统

CoderCodermodulationDemodulationDecoder数字通信系统CoderCodermodulationDem模拟信号的数字化0001001000110100010110000110二进制：1234586数字序列：CoderCoder模拟信号的数字化0001001000110100010110数字信号处理FF-1微积分富氏变换拉氏变换Z变换数字信号处理数字信号处理FF-1微积分信源编码核心→信源编码→有效性编码减少份量以降低成本语音编码：PCM△MLD-CELPMBELPHi,howareyou!图像编码：JPEGMPEG-1MPEG-2MPEG-4浊音清音喉形∑信源编码核心→信源编码→有效性编码减少份量以降低MPEG-4视频编码原理MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信息、形状信息和纹理信息等3种信息的编码技术MPEG-4视频编码原理MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信H.261视频编码原理H.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑是在一般电话网中传输的，带宽和码率是其考虑的核心问题。

H.261视频编码原理H.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑MC帧差编码原理DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之间的相关性来对当前值进行预测MC帧差编码原理DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之MPEG－2音频压缩编码标准MPEG－2则针对数字电视的视音频压缩编码，对数字电视各种等级的压缩编码方案及图像编码中划分的层次作了详细的规定，其编码码率可从3Mbps到100Mbps。

MPEG－2音频压缩编码标准MPEG－2则针对数字电视的视音信道编码包装→信道编码→可靠性编码增加冗余量以确保安全奇偶校验1001000→10010001发现1位错误重复码1→1110→000纠正1位错误，发现2位错误GSM→CRC编码信道编码包装→信道编码→可靠性编码增加冗余信道编码1000111许用码组禁用码组010100001110101011通过增加编码的位数，以牺牲信息传输速率为代价换取通信的可靠性。

0：come1:notcome信道编码1000111许用码组禁用码组01010000111信道编码2纠错码（6）信息位（9）GSM编码15位CRC码码间距000111信道编码2纠错码（6）信息位（9）GSM编码15位CR数字电子技术—计算机大厦的砖瓦1+1=10A+B=CD0001011000011011CDABDABC加法器电路向下为1向上为0世界万物微分→除法减法→减法积分→加法乘法→加法ABCD数字电子技术—计算机大厦的砖瓦1+1=100000C空中的数字无线电波HOWAREYOU!1001000100111110101111000001……….ASKFSKPSK10001001空中的数字无线电波HOWAREYOU!10010001001数字信道的多路复用TDM时分复用FDM频分复用CDMA码分多址光纤数字信道的多路复用TDM时分复用光纤无线电频谱LIGHTSHFUHFVHFHFMFLFF3*103*103*104456TVFMGSMBluetoothSatelliteVisiblelight(Hz)无线电频谱LIGHTSHFUHFVHFHFMFLFF3*10高频电子线路

数字通信的实现振荡器放大器合成器天线微波IC化信号电路电磁场基础高频电子线路

数字通信的实现振荡器IC化迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要技术三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信迎接数字化通信时代的挑战一、世界是数字化的二、数字处理的主要BluetoothIntroductionGuoxinZhengSchoolofCommunicationandInformationEngineeringShanghaiUniversityBluetoothIntroductionGuoxinZArchitectureOverviewOverviewTechnicallyTopologyRadio/BasebandProtocolstackModules&SiliconDevelopmentKitsQualificationArchitectureOverviewOverviewWorldPenetration501001502002503003504001998200020022004PhonesSmartPhones4228211622372123241716203636586167827375709710910110%20%40%60%80%100%April-May96Aug-Sept96Dec-Jan96/97April-May97Aug-Sept97Dec-Jan97/98Feb-March98April-May98June-July98EntryMidHigh*70%oftotalsalesvolumeSource:GFKretailerpanelSource:EricssonofficialforecastReplacement2003400100(est.)IndustryForecastinmillionphonesSource;

Ericsson

All(SP,GER,UK,FRA,ITA)-

%DistributionbyPricesegmentofTotalSalesVolume*

(units)1995 WorldPenetration5010015020025ForecastWorldwideSales2005

Millionunits1002003004005006007008009001000mobilephonesmobileaccessoriesportablecomputersandPDA’sdesktopPCsdesktopaccessoriesprinterscordlessphonestelephoneansweringdevicesTV/VCR/DVDCD-playerMobiledevicesDesktopdevicesConsumerelectronicsSource:IDC,StrategyAnalytics,Ericsson,SilverInstituteInternetconnectiondevicecameras&misc.RemotecontrolForecastWorldwideSales2005

TheFuture?MobilephonesisbyfarthelargestsegmentwithinMobileDevices250millionmobilephoneswillbesoldyear2000630millionmobilephoneswillbesoldyear2005DesktopPCsisthelargestsegmentinDesktopDevices80milliondesktopPCswillbesoldyear2000140milliondesktopPCswillbesoldyear2005CordlessphonesisthelargestsegmentinConsumerElectronicsDevices150millioncordlessphoneswillbesoldyear2000350millioncordlessphoneswillbesoldyear2005TheFuture?MobilephonesisbyPersonalAd-hocNetworksCableReplacementLandlineData/VoiceAccessPointsWhatdoesBluetoothdoforyou?“UsageModels”PersonalAd-hocNetworksCable“Designaradiotoreplacethecableanditsconnectors…”DesignGoalsSmallimplementationsizeLowimplementationcostLowpowerconsumptionSecureandrobustforopenISMbandChallengesFastfrequencyhoppingSinglechipintegration“DesignaradiotoreplacetheGlobalOperationIndustrial-Scientific-Medical80MHzat2.45GHzGloballyavailableUnlicensedandfreetouseGlobalOperationIndustrial-SUnprecedentedCrossIndustryCommitmentSpecialInterestGroupEricsson,IBM,Intel,NokiaandToshibaAndtodaytherearemorethan2000Bluetoothadopters...UnprecedentedCrossIndustryCTechnicallySpeaking...BluetoothModuleSmallSize0.5squareinchesinproductionEventuallymovingtoasinglechipsolutionLowpower2.7V(1.62-2.75V)300Astandby,30Ainsleep,60Ahold/park3-30mAwhentransmitting1or100mWactivepowerLowPrice$25projectedtocomedowntoaround$5OEMintegrationcostDesignedforCMOSsinglechipsolutionBluetoothRadioBluetoothBluetoothLinkControllerTechnicallySpeaking...BlueTechnicalFeatures2.4GHzISMOpenbandGloballyfreeavailablefrequency,89MHzofspectrumavailableFFH/DSHybridRadio10-100mrange,personalbubble

8activedevicesperpiconet(sharedatarate)Upto10piconetsinbubble(fulldatarate)1MbpsgrossrateFutureversion:2MbpsSimultaneousvoice/datacapable432Kbps(fullduplex),721/56Kbps(asymmetric)or3simultaneousfullduplexvoiceperpiconet(CVSD@64Kbps).oracombinationofdataandvoiceTechnicalFeatures2.4GHzISMBatteryLifeTimeEstimatescalculatedwith600mAhbatteryandinternalamplifier,powerwillvarywithimplementationandapplicationLowpowerconsumptionStandbycurrent0.3mA

>3months

Voicemode10mA(onevoicechannel)>60hoursDatamodeaverage6mA(20%utilization)>100hours

LowPowerArchitectureProgrammabledatalength(elseradiosleeps)HoldandParkmodes60µADevicesconnectedbutnotparticipatingDevicecanparticipatewithin2msBatteryLifeTimeEstimatescalRobustDataandVoiceTransferBluetoothisdesignedtoberobustOpenbandinterferenceisnegotiatedby:1600frequencyhops/sShortandflexibledatapacketsAutomaticRepeatreQuest(ARQ)ForwardErrorCorrection(FEC)16bitCyclicRedundancyCheckSpeechcoding:ContinuosVariableSlopeDeltamodulation(CVSD)RobustDataandVoiceTransferBluetoothScalableSecurityProvideslinklayersecuritybetweenanytwoBluetoothradiosAuthentication(E1algorithm)Challenge/ResponsesystemEncryption(privacy)EncryptsdatabetweentwodevicesStreamcipherwithE0algorithmKeymanagementandusageConfigurableEncryptionkeylength(0-16bytes)

GovernmentexportregulationsRadionegotiatekeysizeKeygenerationwithE2-E3algorithmsAuthenticationandEncryptionkeysBluetoothScalableSecurityProTopologyRadiorangehastwovarietiesShortrange(10metersorless)0dBmradio,1mWOptimizedforshortrangedevicesHeadset,Mouse,Keyboard,etc....Longerrange(100metersorless)20dBmradio,100mWModulehasapoweramplifierbuilt-inOptimizedfordeviceschangingenvironmentsNotebooks,cellphones,accesspoints,etc.…

TopologyRadiorangehastwovaTopologyRadio/BasebandMaster/SlavemediumaccessRadio/BasebandissymmetricConnecteddevicescanbemasterorslaveCouldbemasterandslaveconcurrentlyTopologyRadio/BasebandPiconetAlldevicesinapiconethoptogetherFrequencyhoppingsequenceisdeterminedbythemastersIDPhaseofthefrequencyhoppingsequenceisdeterminedbythemastersclockTopologyPiconetTopologyPiconetPointtoPointPointtoMultipointNobasestationisneeded8concurrentdevicesMorethan200activedevices1Mb/sgrossrateTopologyPiconetTopologyScatternetDevicescansharepiconetsInterpiconetcommunicationInstantAd-hocconnections10PiconetsAggregated10Mb/sTopologyScatternetTopologyMobileTopologyAlldevicearemobileWalknet:ThewholepiconetcellismobileMakeandBrakeConnectionsTopologyMobileTopologyTopologyTopology,Scatternetmasterslave1slave2slave3masterslave4slave5Topology,ScatternetmasterslavFrequencyHoppingFrequencyHoppingConnectionProcedureStandbyWaitingtojoinapiconetInquireFindingdevicesPageConnecttoaknowndeviceConnectedActivelyonapiconet(masterorslave)Park/HoldLowPowerconnectedstatesConnectionProcedureStandbyPageandInquireScansAradiomustbeenabledtoacceptp