广州版九年级语法总汇

广州版九年级语法总汇精讲精练Step1U1单元重点语法—定语从句1、关系代词who，whom,whose，which，that引导的定语从句。2、关系副词where，when,why引导的定语从句。［课文引例】However,someteachersbelievethatchildrenwhowatchtoomuchTVcommercialscaremoreaboutmoneyandowningthing.但是有些老师相信看太多商业广告的孩子会更加关注钱财，关注占有物品。【知识点拨】whowatchtoomanyTVcommercials是定语从句,先行词是children，who在句子中作主语【实战分析】ThemanwhospokeatthemeetingisLiMing'sfather.在会议上发言的那个人是李明的父亲。下面对定语从句进行详细讲解。定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,that。关系副词有：where，when,why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1、关系代词引导的定语从句1）who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）【能力测试】ThemanisstandingatthegateisLiMing'sfather.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whomTheboyyoumetjustnowismybestfriend.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whomThepolicemancaughtthethiefstolethewoman'shandbag.A.whereB.whoseC.that2）Whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）,例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.【能力测试】Thebookcoverisyellowismine.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whomTheboyhomeisneartheschoolwalkstoschooleveryday.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.whomCanIborrowyourpencolorisblack?A.whoB.whomC.thatD.ofwhich3)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作宾语)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which都可以指物，that和Who都可以指人，其用法区别：在以下情况下适用which，而不用that。在引导非限定性定语从句时(错)Thetree，thatisfourhundredyearsold，isveryfamoushere.试改正介词后不能用请选出正确的句子。Wedependonthelandfromthatwegetourfood.[]Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood..[]只能用that而不能用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况。在不定代词，如：anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally，thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时，只用that。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.先行词既有人，又有物时。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.【能力测试】Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschoolhehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhichWeshoulddoallisusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.whichTheweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itIhopethatthelittleIhavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whenWecametoaplacetotheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who2、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词when,where,why是表示时间、地点、方式的名词，在从句中作状语。when表示时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time,hour,day,week,month,year等。例如：Doyourememberthosedayswhenweworkedtogether?where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place,room,house,school,country等。例如：Yesterdaywevisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的一个词，reason.例如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslateyesterday?【小提示】如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则不能再用when和where，而要用which或that。例如：Icanrememberthatdaywhich/thatwespentonthefarm.Theschoolthatwestudyisverybeautiful.【能力测试】Ineverforgetthetimewespentonthefarm.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.whichThisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whyC.whenD.whereThehouseheboughtisveryexpensive.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.whichIstillrememberthetimeweworkedtogether.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.whichLastweekwevisitedtheschoolmyfriendworks.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.whichIdon'tknowthereasonshewasangry.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.whichStep2U2单元重点语法简单句简单句的类型一简单句只含一个主谓结构的句子(有时有并列主语或并列谓语动词)叫做简单句。二简单句的基本句型。1.主语+不及物动词(S+V)Thetimepassedquickly.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)Wehaveplantedalotoftreesinourhometown.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.S+VThetrainarrived.Thelittleboycried.这一句型的动词多为不及物动词。常见的有：appear出现，arrive到达，come来disappear消失，fall落下，lie说谎，rain下雨，sleep睡眠等。练习(一)主语+不及物动词(S+V)他昨天早上起床很晚。那天晚上我们谈了很多。会议将持续两个小时。1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(theMayFourthMovement)5.这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)五年前我住在北京。1.1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。7.7.在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。S+V+OWestudyEnglish.Heenjoysplayingtennis.练习(二)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)昨晚我写了一封信。我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently你介意我开窗户吗？你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。他指出我的作文中的错误。pointout,composition我们必须派人去请医生。你在工作中可以依靠他。8.写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。goover3.S+V+双宾语Heboughtmeabook.其中的me为间接宾语，abook为直接宾语。若强调直接宾语，可将它置于动词之后。这时，间接宾语之前则必须用介词to或for.例如：handedthelettertoher.Iwillbuyabookforyou.可带to的动词常用的有：give，hand,lend,offer,pass,sell,send,show,write等。可带for的动词常用的有：buy,choose,cook,do,fetch,find,make,prepare等。练习(三)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。我替你叫辆出租车好吗？这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。他把车票给列车员看。conductorS+V+CSheisclever.Itsoundsgreat.用于这一句型的动词除了be动词以外，还有其他系动词，如appear：看起来好像;become成为；get变得；grow长成；look看起来；feel感觉；sound听起来；smell闻起来;taste尝起来;turn转变成;seem似乎;go变;stay保持;prove证明是，等等。练习(四)主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)我的兄弟都是大学生。这本书是关于美国历史的书。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery他失业了。树叶已经变黄了。这个报告听起来很有意思。布朗夫人看起来很健康。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist9.9.孩子们，请保持安静。S+V+O+CWecallhimJim.Wefounditdifficult.Weshallhaveourhousepainted.Heaskedmetohelphim.这一句型，补语（即宾语补足语）可以是名词、形容词、分词或不定式。可带宾语补足语的常见动词有：call把叫做‘consider认为，elect选举,find发觉，leave留下,make使成为，name给取名为，colour给着色，drive迫使某人,get使得，keep保持，paint把漆成颜色，turn使变成，want想要，have使，hear听到，see看见，等。练习（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider2.我们把小偷释放了。set...free他叫我们参加做游戏。我要你把真相告诉我。每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make.frightened他每个月理一次发。我们要使学校变得更美丽。参考答案基本句型(一)主语+不及物动词(S+V)Hegotupverylateyesterdaymorning.2.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.6.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.基本句型(二)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.MyfathercanspeakEnglishfluently.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Hepointedoutthemistakesinmycomposition.Wemustsendforadoctor.7.Youcandependonhiminyourwork.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgooverit.基本句型(三)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)1.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.ShallIcallyouataxi?ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.基本句型(四)主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.Heisoutofwork.5.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.6Thereportsoundsinteresting.7.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy8Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.Children,keepquietplease.基本句型(五)5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)Allofusconsiderhimhonest.2.Thehavesetthethieffree.Heaskedustojoininthegame.4.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Step3U3语法---时-态中考英语语法总复习之动词八大时态【学习目标】：初中阶段八种时态的结构及其用法。【学习过程】：I.概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。所以，动词的时态就是指动词在某一个时间段内应当采取的相应动词形态。我们已经学过的八种时态分别是：..1．一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often,usually,always,everyd等。IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日，我每天上学。Therearefiftystudentsinourclas我们班上有五十个学生。表示一种客观事实或普遍真理Theearthisround.地球是圆的.Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大。在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbela如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback我将一直等到你回来。动词三单形式的变化规则：1•大多数动词直接+s以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es一般现在时专项练习题用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.I'mstayinginbed.2.一般过去式肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I(You,He,She,We,They)workedthere.I(You,He,She,We,They)didnotworkthere.Didyou(I,he,she,we,they)workthere?be动词I(He,She,It)wasthere.We(You,They)werethereI(He,She,It)wasnotthere.We(You,They)werenotthere.WasI(he,she,it)there?Wereyou(we,they)there?have动词I(You,He,She,We,They)hadbooks.I(You,He,She,We,They)hadnot/didn'thaveanybooksHadI(you,he,she,we,they)anybooks?或DidI(you,he)haveanybooks?动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-livedo末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,take-took,have(has)-hac等。a.表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,uponatime,in1989,intheolddays,whenIwasatmiddleschool等。HeleftforBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天上午到北京去了。Shewasn'tathomelastnight.她昨晚上在家。Didyoufinishyourworkatfouryesterdayafternoon?你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Igotupveryearlyatthattime.我那时总是起得很早。Maryalwaysgotuptoolateandneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfastwhenshewasatmiddleschool.玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。一般过去时专项练习题：Myfatherillyesterday.A．isn'tB.aren'tC.wasn'tD.weren'tourparentsathomelastweek?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.WereThetwinsinDalianlastyear.Theyherenow.A．are;wereB．were;areC．was;areD．were;wasourfatheratworkthedayyesterday(前天)？A.Was;beforeB.Is;beforeC.Was;afterD.Is;after—WhowasondutylastFriday？A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn't二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)I(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,sheWhatTom(do)onSaturdayevening?He(watch)TVand(read)aninterestingbook.Theyall(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.3．一般将来时肯定式否定式疑问式I(We)shall/willgothereI(We)shall/willnotgothereShallI(we)gothere?You(He,She,They)willgothereYou但e,She,They)willnotgothereWillyou(he,she,they)gothere?a.表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,nexttime,nextyear,inafewdays等。I'llgoandseehernextFriday.我下周五去看她。Hewon'tgotheretomorrowmorning.他明天上午不到那儿去。Willyoudoitagain?你再做一遍好吗？b没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。Idon'tknowwhowilldoit.我不知道谁将做这件事。Don'tworry,hewillbethereontime.别着急，他会准时在那儿。c表示将来经常发生的动作。FromnowonI'llgetupearlyeverymorning.从今以后，我每天早晨早起。begoingto这个结构表示：a.即将发生的动作；b主语打算或准备要做的事；c说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。begoingto结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如：WearegoingtolearnEnglish.我们将学习英语。Howareyougoingtospendyourholidays?你们打算怎样度过假期？Lookattheseblackclouds.Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。Hewillcometoseeyouwhenhehastime.他有空时会来看你的。Theywillringyouupassoonastheygetback.他们一回来就打电话给你。一般将来时专题练习题1、选择填空Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobeCharlieherenextmonth.A.isn'tworkingB.doesn'tworkingC.isn'tgoingtoworkingD.won'tworkHeverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbeThereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe一youfreetomorrow?一No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbeMothermeanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgiveB.willgiveC.givesD.give一ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?-.(不，不要。)A.No,youwon't.B.No,youaren't.C.No,pleasedon't.D.No,please.一Whereisthemorningpaper?一Iifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willgetaconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareIftheycome,weameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave4．现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now,thisweek,thesedays等连用。:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词否定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词:特殊疑问词+相应+主语+现在分词+Sth?变化规则直接+ing(例：sleep+ingsleeping)去掉不发音的e+ing(例：biting，leaving,making,coming,writing.)注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing.例如：see-seeing/agree-agreeing.以ie结尾变ie为y+ing(例：die-dyinglie-lying)对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing.例如：sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stoppingcutting,controlling肯定式否定式疑问式Iamworkingnow.Iamnotworkingnow.AmIworkingnow?Youareworkingnow.He(She)isworkingnowWe(You,They)areworkingnow.Youarenotworkingnow.,He(She)isnotworkingnow.We(You,They)arenotworkingnow.Areyouworkingnow?Is(he,she)workingnow?Areyou(we,they)workingnow?waitingfor?你在等谁？Heknowsthatwearehelpinghimnow.他知道我们现在正在帮助他。b.在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。a.表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。WhoareyouThestudentsareworkingonthefarmtheredays.这些天学生们正在农场劳动。c.有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go,come,leave,arrive,move,die等。Heiscomingsoon.他不久就要来了.Maryisarrivinghereat4o/clockthisafternoon.玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。1)表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know,love,like,want,hear,see,think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。Stop,Iamthinking.停下来，我正在想问题呢。2)无法延续动作的动词，如：jump,begin,start,stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。Heisjumpingupanddown.他一下一下地跳个不停。现在进行时专项练习题()1.我在照看孩子.(A)Iamlookingafterthebaby.(B)I'mlookafteringthebaby.(C)Ilookamafteringthebaby.(D)Ilookingafterthebaby.()2.friend'smakingakite.(A)I,me(B)My,my(C)My,me(D)His,his()3.Isthewomanyellowyourteacher?(A)in(B)puttingon(C)wearing(D)having()4.