主谓一致学案- 高三英语一轮复习

Subject-verbagreement主谓一致高三A部-英语组-路瑶01问题驱动目标引领TeachingObjectives:KnowledgeObjective:Helpstudentstomasterthemainpointsandtestpointsofsubject-verbagreement.AbilityObjective:Tocultivatestudents'abilitytoflexiblyusesubject-verbagreement.EmotionalObjectives:1.Stimulatestudents'interestinlearningEnglish.2.Strengthenstudents'senseofgroupcooperation.主谓一致考点：语法一致；意义一致；就近原则2021年：（全国卷）意义一致2020年：（天津卷）意义一致（江苏卷）语法一致（全国卷）语法一致2019年：全国：意义一致2018年：全国：意义一致2017年：（江苏卷）语法一致（天津卷）意义一致高考常将主谓一致与动词的时态语态结合起来综合考查。(2020·全国I)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection________(be)ondisplay（展示中）.(2020·全国I)Thisiswhydecorating（装饰）withplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.(2019·全国卷I)Ofthenineteenrecognized（公认的）polarbearsubpopulations（北极熊的亚种群）,threearedeclining,six________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.02知识梳理点拨归纳定义：谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。三个原则：01语法一致02意义一致03就近原则一、语法一致：主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.Persuadinghimtojoinusseemsreallyhard.1.单数名词、代词、做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。!警示：Whattheyneed(be)books.若从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。TomandJackwereclosefriends.（亲密的朋友）Bothriceandwheataregrownbyfarmers（农民）inChina.2.当主语是连接的并列结构时，如果主语指两个或两个以上的人或物，V.用复数。!警示：Theworkerandwriter(be)fromWuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。Trialanderror(be)thesourceofourknowledge.不断尝试是我们获得知识的源泉。A)两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，V.仍用单数。B)类似的表达的词还有：breadandbutter,knifeandforkEverymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenthefilm.3.由连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有修饰时，V.用单数。!警示：Eachoftheclass(have)beengivenabike.each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachofthestudentshasabook.Eitherofthestudentsisright.4.某些，如either,neither,each,one,theother,another,any-:anybody,anyone,anything,some-:somebody,someone,something,every-:everybody,everyone,everything,no-:nobody,noone,nothing等做主语，谓语动词用单数。Manyastudentishere.Morethanonestudentgoestothepark.5.主语是由或构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的V.仍然用单数。！警示：Moreemployees（雇员）thanone(be)againstyoursuggestion.反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。“many+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。二、意义一致:主语的单复数意义决定了谓语动词(V.)的单复数。Threeweeksisalongtimetowaitforananswer.Onehundredkilometersisnotalongdistance.1.、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。Threetimesnineistwenty-seven.(3×9=27)Thirty-sixdividedbyfourgivesnine.（36÷4=9）2.一个时，表示数目的主语通常作单数看待，谓语动词用单数。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.3.山脉、群岛、瀑布、等以-s结尾的专有名词做主语，V.用复数。Mathematics(数学)seemstobedifficulttome.4.–s结尾的名称，如：physics,politics,economics等；Nonewsisgoodnews.TheArabianNights《一千零一夜》）isaveryinterestingbook.专有名词，如国名、人名、、戏剧名、组织机构及形式复数意义单数的名词news,形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。MostofhissavingsarekeptintheAgriculturalBankofChina（中国农业银行）.Thegoodsaresoldout.5.一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。a.goods（货物）；arms(武器);wages(工资);remains(残留物、尸体)等b.凡是由结尾的名词，如surroundings;savings;earningsc．glasses;trousers;shoes;scissors;gloves警示：Onepairofshoes(be)missing.VSTwopairsoftrousers(be)missing.若c组词的前面有pair等表示单位的名词时，那么V.单复数由表示单位的词的单复数决定。Therearefivesheeponthefarm,butthereareonlythreegoats.Thisspeciesofroseisrare.6.的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见名词可分为一下几类：某些动物名词：deer;fish;sheep以-ese或-ss结尾的表示的名词：Chinese;Japanese某些以-s结尾的名词：means;species;series;works(工厂；著作);crossroads等.Clothingisbadlyneededinthefloodedarea.Thereisalotoffurnitureintheroom.7.traffic,equipment,luggage等集体名词做主语，V.用单数。Thepolicearelookingforthethief.Cattle（牛，牲畜）arealsokeptinthisfarmer’shome.8.people,police,cattle等集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)alargeone.（我们的家庭是个很大的家庭。）Myfamily(be)watchingTV.(我们家里的每个人都在看电视。)9.集合名词class,team,population,staff,committee等做主语，若作为一个整体看待，V.用单数；若就其中一个个成员而言，V.用复数。Allisgoingonverywell.一切顺利。Allarepresentbesidestheprofessor.包括教授在内大家都在。Alotofstudentsarecomingtothemeeting.有很多学生要来开会。Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。10.不定代词all指代“人”时,V.用；指代“物”时，V.用。表示比例的词（half/therest/thelast/alot/分数/百分数）+of+名词做主语，V.单复数由它们而定。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.11.“anumberof+复数可数名词”表示“一些，许多”，V.用。“thenumberof+复数可数名词”表示“…的数目，数量”，V.用。12.aquantityof/anamountof+n.做主语，V.用单数,quantitiesof/amountsof+n.做主语，V.用复数。a/thiskind/typeof+n.做主语，V.用单数,these(those)kinds/sorts/typesof+n.做主语，V.用复数。Alargequantityofbooks(be)here.Largequantitiesofbooks(be)here.Oneandahalfdaysisallthemanagercanspare.OneinthreestudentsspeaksEnglishinthisschool.13.“oneandahalf+C.复数”，“onein(outof)+C.复数”作主语，V.一般用。!警示：完成这项任务一两天就够了。Adayortwo(be)enoughforthistask.=Oneortwodays(be)enoughforthistask.Oneortwo后接复数名词作主语，V.要用。但在“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”结构之后，V.常用。Thosewhowanttogotothepark,pleasestandup.14.关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中做主语时，其V.应与一致。Tomisoneofthestudentswho(be)latethismorning.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(be)latethismorning.!警示：“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”，定语从句的V.用复数。“theonly/thevery/thefirst+oneof+复数名词+定语从句”,定语从句V.用单数。Therich(be)notalwayshappy.有钱人并不总是很开心。15.“the+形容词”做主语，若指的是，谓语动词用复数。三、就近一致原则NeitheryounorIamfitforthework.你和我都不适合这份工作。Whathesaysorwhathedoesdoesnotmattertome.他说的话或者是他做的事情对我来说都不重要。1.等连接的并列主语，V.常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。!警示：NotLucybutI_______(be)ateacher.NobodybutI_________(be)ateacher.“另外（but/except/besides/inadditionto）/(along/together/combined)with/aswellas/like/ratherthan/including/morethan/accompaniedby+名词”置于主语后，充当插入语，V.一般与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。2.在倒装句中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语保持一致。（1）There(be)alakeandsomehillsaroundit.那里有一片湖，周围有一些山。（2）Inthedistance(be)heardtheapplauseofthepeople,theshoutsandclappingofhands.远处传来人们的掌声、喊叫声和拍手声。03典例评析提炼方法GrammarFillingIt①（be）lateafternoonwhenourcarstoppedinfrontofaschoolinShuanggou,JiangsuProvince.Ihadbeenselectedtoheadouttothisdisadvantagedschool.IhadbeenlookingexcitedlytotheopportunitytodosomevolunteeringinChina.Asamatteroffact,oncethetwo-dayvisit②（do）,myco-workerandI③(be)thinkingaboutanothertriphereinthefuture.Greetedbysmilingteachersanddirectors,thenwe