太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案07-2

A.investmentB.resourceTheseillegalimmigrantshavetoworkingconditions.A.bewilderingB.exasperatingManycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingA.investmentB.resourceTheseillegalimmigrantshavetoworkingconditions.A.bewilderingB.exasperatingManycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.allatoncebyandbytosomeextentonthewhole07-1PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)21.Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.C.inspiration D.stimulusworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingC.dismaying D.upsettingThecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.A.optimisticB.anxiousC.uncertainD.scaredThereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.A.enhancedB.revised C.alternatedD.modifiedTheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.A.arisenfromB.contributedtoC.patchedupD.participatedinExpertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.A.resignedB.compromisedC.persistedD.dominatedHamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontendedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.A.inclined B.struggled C.argued D.competedTherehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.A.onoccasionB.atpresentC.bynow D.forsureTWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.A.brieflyB.quickly C.accuratelyD.earnestlySectionB(0.5pointeach)NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguageintheworld.A.neighborhoods B.communitiesC.clusters D.assembliesNuclearwastesareconsideredtoathreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.A.composeB.impose C.exposeD.poseSomestatesintheUShavesetstandardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.A.energeticB.vigorousC.rigorousD.graveThisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized.A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligationBecauseofwaysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.A.incomprehensible B.incomparable C.inconceivableD.incompatibleAsChinaandotheremergingexportpowers,effortstostrengthenanti-corruptionD.inthecourseofactivitiesaregainingmomentum.D.inthecourseofA.inthelightof B.intheeventofC.inthecaseof

AccordingtoanAustralianresearch,moderatedrinkersbetterthinkersthanheavydrinkersorthosewhoneverdrink.A.endup B.takeup C.putup D.turnupStrangelyenough,anoldmanmeandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather's.A.stooduptoB.walkeduptoC.liveduptoD.addeduptoManychildrenoftenwhyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.A.assume B.anticipateC.assure D.wonderTheFDAwascreatedtothesafetyofproducts,reviewapplicationsandgrantapprovals.A.manipulateB.adjust C.regulate D.manageCLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy."Height41careersuccess,"saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy."Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew42 ,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob43 ,"Judgepointsout.Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives."Ifyoutakethis 44thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we'retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings45thatatallpersonenjoys,"Judgesaid.Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance--asupervisor's46ofhoweffectivesomeoneis--and47measuresofperformance--suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher48andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary49.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas50powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking"fightorrun"decisions.A.makesoutA.casesA.performanceA.onA.deficiencyA.makesoutA.casesA.performanceA.onA.deficiencyA.imaginationA.relativeA.stateA.originsA.atimeinB.worksin C.takeson D.mattersforexceptionsC.examplesD.problemsconditionD.environmentB.operationB.withB.advantageB.decisionB.absoluteB.statussourcesaholdonoverC.lossD.necessityC.judgeC.objectiveC.situationC.coursesaworkattoD.evaluationD.initiativeD.statueD.organizationsD.asignofREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)PassageOneAttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircellphonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem."Ifthey'dspendasmuchtimestudying,they'dallbeAstudents,"saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcellphonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper."Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad,"saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(票1窃)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand."Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey'regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey'rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,"saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed"sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn'tdo."Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildevicewhenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatesaftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemafterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthorityAccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestydidn'thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamcouldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenoughcouldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystemTowinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto.usemanyhigh-techdevicescutoffInternetaccessoncampusturntotheoralexanimationformscutofftheuseofhigh-techdevicesAccordingtoRyanDapremont,.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatinghisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingcheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationsitwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternet55.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemostSignificantmeasuretofightcheating?Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe.CheatingHasGoneHigh-techGameofCatandMouseANewExamination-supervisionSystemMeasurestoFightAgainstDishonestyPassageTwoTopmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape--andthewayyourbodyworks--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?"It'sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,"saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain'sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchool.RenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,"Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins."Someonewho's1.5-meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon'tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold."Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,"saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain'sBrunelUniversity.JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath'ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique."Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital."Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-16-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen'srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor"performancegenes."Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons'successtrainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successgenesaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successpsychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople'sbodyshapegenesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople'sbodyshapeidenticaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsportsidenticaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsportsWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?Thephysicalstrength.Therighttrainingconditions.Thetalentforthesports.Theenduranceforpains.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause.shehadthetalentforrowingherbodyshapewasrightforarowershehadtheperformancegenesshewasaskillfulrowerTheword"elite"inParagraph5means.themostwealthythemostskilledthemostindustriousthemostintelligentTheeliteathletesofthefuturemaycomefrompeoplewhonaturallypossess.thebestbodyshapesandanironpurposetheextremesoftherightphysiqueandstrongwillstherightpsychologicalconditionsandsportstalentstherightphysiqueandgenesforsportsPassageThreeForyears,anetworkofcitizens'groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?Exxon'sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld'smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:itmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat'sitsstrategy?ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany'sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled"junkscience".Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled"soundscience".ThisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogusOnthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy-suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling-andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.63.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange'?Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"bogus'(inParagraph4)?A.Reasonable.B.Fake.C.Limitless. D.Inconsistent.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistshowtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposehowimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoverieshowoneman'smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofscience66.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon.haveliveduptotheirpromiseshavealmostcausedworldwidechaoshavefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalhavemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsor67.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon.A.Exxon'sinvolvementinscientificscandalsExxon'scontributionstotheissueofclimatechangeExxon'sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingExxon'seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries68.Whatistheauthor'stoneinpresentingthepassage?A.Factual.B.Praiseful. C.Biased.D.Encouraging.PassageFourWhereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath'sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe21stcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasingbutthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn'tprevent.Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases."Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15-30%maximum,"saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal'sbehaviourfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal'sbehaviourswitchesback.Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa"littlebitsilly"atthemomentbutdoesn'tdismissitaltogether,arguingthatnoneoftheillnessesrelatedtoageingshouldbeinevitable.Startwithahigh-qualitybody(andthatmeanseatingyourgreens,notsmokinganddoinglotsofexerciseinyouryoungerdays)andyoucankeepitgoingforlongerwithhighqualitymaintenance."It'llbelikethedifferencebetweenaRolls-Royceandacheapcar."69.Itcanbeseenfromthefirstparagraphthatpeoplehavedoubtsonwhether.ispossibletolivealongerhealthyandlifehumanscanliveaslongasscientistspredictlivinglongerisstillconsideredagoodideaD.newanti-ageingtreatmentsaresafeforhumans70.Inthe1980s,thedataonpeople'shealthexpectancy.A.gaveanoptimisticpredictionB.showedanunclearfutureC.ledtoapessimisticperceptionD.turnedouttobeamixedblessing71.Inthelabexperimentonrats,.foodrestrictionisnottheonlyfactorprovedtohaveworkedresponsestofoodrestrictionvaryfromanimaltoanimaltheanimals'lifespanincreaseswiththeamountoffoodeatenD.differentamountsoffoodcauseachangeintheanimals'behavior72.Richardsonbelievesthat.itisimpossibleforhumanstostopageingitisworthlesstotalkaboutstoppingageingstoppingageingisadreamthatmaycometrueillnessisthebiggestobstacletostoppingageingRolls-Royceisusedtoconveytheideathat.qualitylifeisoutofreachformostpeoplequalitylifecanslowdowntheprocessofaginghowlongonecanlivedependsonthegenesonecarriesthemoremoneyoneinvestsinhealth,thehealthieronewillbe.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassageis "”.ProblemsofAnAgeingSocietyHealthCarefortheElderlyEatingHealthier,LivingLongerD.TheFutureofOldAgePassageFiveIndealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn'twork,youmightsaysomethingodd("Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!")todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon'tstopandyoucan'tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent'saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.Youmightconcludethatastudent'saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreactpunitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.Speakingmacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.Youdon'twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.Whatisthepurposeofsayingsomethingoddwhenseeingstudentsinafight?Topleasethestudents.Tosurprisethestudents.Togetthestudents'attention.D.Todistractthestudents'attention.Whatistobedoneaboutastudent'saggressivebehavior?A.Respondcalmlybutfinny.Tellthestudent'sparentsimmediately.Askotherstudentsforhelptostoptheaction.Havethestudentgotoseetheprincipal.WhatisNOTencouragedtodotowardanaggressivestudent?Usephysicalrestraint.Givethestudentatimeout.C.Pointatthestudentormakethreats.D.Talkwiththestudentprivately.Whatdoestheword"'punitively"(inParagraph5)probablymean?Surprisingly.Depressingly.Involvingpersuasion.Involvingpunishment.Whatmightbethelaststeptohelpallaggressivestudent?Encouragethestudenttobenicetothestudenthehit.Askthestudenttopromisehe'llneverdoitagain.Forcethestudenttoapologizeforhisbehavior.Persuadethestudenttoopenuptoyou.Whichof