2022高中英语译林版新教材选择性必修一课文翻译（英汉对照）

牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课文及译文Unit1foodmattersReading及译文（P1-5）Foodkeepsushealthyandenergetic.Itcanalsodomorethanthat.Thearticlebelow,fromafoodmagazine,discussestheideaofcomfortfood.Beforeyoureadthearticle,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:①Whatdoyouthinkthearticlewilltalkaboutaccordingtothetitle?②Whatfoodscanhaveanimpactonyourfeelings?食物使我们健康和精力旺盛。它也远不与此。下面来自一本食物杂志的文章讨论治愈系食物理念。在阅读文章之前，思考以下的问题：①根据标题，你认为文章将谈论什么？②什么食物对你的情感有影响？comfortfood（治愈系食物）WheneverIfeellonely,Ihaveasecretrecipethatneverfails:rice,milkandsugar,cookedlowandslow.Nomatterhowbadmymoodis,thatperfectcombinationisalwaysenoughtoliftmyspirits.Sometimesthesmellalonecandothetrick,nottomentionthelovelycreamyflavour,whichworkslikeatimemachineimmediatelytransportingmebacktomysunnychildhood.Withpleasure,IrememberthelazySundayafternoonsIusedtospendinthewarmthofmygrandma’sflat,listeningtoherwonderfulstoriesandgreedilyeatingbowlafterbowlofherdeliciousricepudding.Itakemytimeovereveryspoonful,gentlyrollingthesilkydessertaroundmymouthandenjoyingtheperfectmarriageofriceandmilk.BeforeIknowit,I’mhappyagain.每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米，牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。不论我情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。有时候仅仅闻一闻味儿就能奏效，更不要说那美妙，滑腻的口感了。它像一台时光机器，立即将我带回欢乐的童年，欣欣然，我回忆起那些精彩的周末午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。我细细品尝每一勺，让滑腻的甜点在我口中轻轻翻转，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。Myexperiencewithricepuddingillustratestheuniquepowerof“comfortfood”.Initsbroadestsense,comfortfoodreferstoanyfoodthatmakesusfeelbetter.Inthisarticle,wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfoodwhosepowermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.Itoftenmakesupforbadfeelingsbyhelpingusrecallhappymemoriesofthepeople,thingsorplaceswelove.我关于大米布丁的经历说明了“治愈系食物”的独特力量。从广义上说，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。在本文里，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。它常常通过帮助我们回忆起所爱之人、所爱之物、所爱之地的快乐往事，来消解不良情绪。Ourcomfortfoodsarehighlyindividual.Theyvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonourownuniqueexperiencesthathaveshapedourlives.Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstendtobelinkedwithpositiveemotions.Forexample,weoftenconnectchickensoupwithahappychildhoodanditsflavourbecomestiedupwiththefeelingofbeingtakencareof.Whenweeatitagain,weunlockmemoriesofatimewhenwewerelovedandlookedafter,andthischeersusup.治愈系食物相当个性化。它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。如果我们从小在家就吃某些特定的食物，这些食物就很容易与积极的情绪产生关联。比如，我们经常把鸡汤与快乐的童年联系在一起，它的味道与被关爱的感觉相关。当再次喝鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。Thefeelingofhappinessandsenseofbelongingcanbecomeparticularlyimportantforpeoplewhomoveawayfromtheirhomecountry.Accordingtosomefoodexperts,therearesomeaspectsofculturethatpeoplewillloserightaway,butwithfood,therearemoreopportunitiestoconnecttomemory,familyandplace.Itishardesttogiveupthefoodthatyougrowupwith.Ofcourse,eachperson’scomfortfoodlargelydependsonwheretheycomefrom—foraChineseitmightbeaplateofdumplingswithasaucerofvinegar,andforanativeoftheUKitmightbetheclassicfishandchips,servedhot,saltyandsour.Onemouthfulofcomfortfoodtakesusbacktoourculturalroots,givingusthe“tasteofhome”thatwecryoutforandrelievingfeelingsofhomesickness.这种幸福感与归属感对于离开故国的人而言会变得尤为重要。据一些食物专家所言，文化中的某些方面人们很快会失去，但对于食物，则有更多机会与回忆、与家、与处所关联。从小到大的食物最难割舍。当然，每个人的治愈系食物（是什么）很大程度上取决于他们来自何方对一个中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子配上一碟醋；而对于一个土生土长的英国人来说，则可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地端上来，咸中带酸。一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。That’scertainlytrueforme.Comfortfoodtastesgoodandbybuildinganemotionalbondwithourhappymemories,alwaysmakesusfeelgood.Itisn’tjustabowlofnoodlesorchickensoup.It’sfoodforthesoul.对我而言，的确如此。治愈系食物味道可口，通过与我们快乐的回忆之间建立情感联系，它让我们心情不错。它不仅仅是一碗面条或鸡汤，它是心灵的食量。P5Whenweareinlowspirits,wemaycryoutforthingsthatgiveuscomfortandasenseofsecurity.Sinceitbringsbackhappymemoriesofthepastoroffersanopportunitytoconnectwithourhomeculture,comfortfoodcanoftendothetrick.However,thereisanothertypeofcomfortfood,whichgeneratespositiveemotionsinadifferentway.Foodhighincaloriesmayalsomakeusfeelbetter.Asdessertslikecakesaredigested,bloodsugarlevelscangoupquickly.Asaresult,wewillbeinabettermoodaftereatingthecomfortfood.However,thesharpincreaseinbloodsugarwillcausethebodytoproduceaspecialchemicaltoremoveit.Whenthechemicallowersbloodsugarlevers,wearelikelytofeelsadagainandwillgreedilyeatmorecomfortfood.Thereisthenthedangerofenteringacycleofhighsandlowswheremoreandmorecomfortfood,highincarbohydrates,needtobeeaten.Thislinkswithhealthproblemslikebeingoverweight.当我们情绪低落时，我们可能急需要给我们安慰和安全感的东西。既然它能唤起我们对过去的美好回忆，或者提供一个与我们家乡文化联系的机会，治愈系食物通常就能起作用。但是，有另外一类治愈系食物，它以一种不同的方式产生积极的情感。富含卡洛里高的食物也使我们感觉更好，随着像蛋糕之类的甜点被消化，血糖会很快上升。结果，我们在吃了治愈系食物之后，情绪就会更高。但是，血糖急剧上升会使身体产生一种特别的化学物质来去除它。当化学物质降低血糖时，我们很可能会再次感到伤心，将会贪婪地吃更多的治愈系食物。然后就会进入血糖或高或低的恶性循环危险之中，就需要吃越来越多富含碳水化合物的治愈系食物。它与超重等问题有关。Comfortfoodisanimportanttoolinhelpingusrelievetensionandfeelgoodaboutourselves.However,beawareofthehiddendangersofhigh-caloriecomfortfood!治愈系食物在帮助我们缓解紧张和使自己感觉好方面是一个很重要的工具。但是，要意识到高卡路里治愈系食物的隐藏危险ExtendedreadingReadthefollowingentriesfromtheblogofafoodcriticwhoiseatinghiswaythroughtraditionalChinesefoods.EatinginChina食在中国7March,Sichuanhotpot3月7日，四川火锅Themouth-wateringhotpotsofSichuanareasfamousoverseasastheyareinChina,andthehotflavourisenoughtoheatupacoldmidwintereveningortoletlooseriversofsweatonasummerafternoon.Igaveitmyfirsttrylastnight,togetherwithafewlocalfriends.Asthesoupbubbledslowlyoveragasburnerinthemiddleofthetable,itssurfacewascoveredwithabeautifullayerorchillies,Sichuanpeppers,springonionsandredoil.Slowlyatfirst,andthenfasterandfaster,wetippedplatesoffreshmeat,fishandvegetablesintothepot.Thehotflavourquickenedourlaughterandconversation,makingthemealtheperfectwaytorelaxwithfriends.令人垂涎欲滴的四川火锅，闻名海内外，那火锅的风味足以温暖隆冬的寒夜，或在夏日的午后让人汗流如注。昨晚，我第一次尝试了四川火锅，是与几位当地的朋友一道吃的。桌子正中的煤气炉上，汤缓缓地冒着泡，表面覆盖着一层辣椒，花椒和红油，甚是好看。我们把一盘盘新鲜的肉、鱼和菠菜倒进锅里，一开始慢，到后来越来越快，热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。Sichuanhotpotsareperfectforthedamp,foggyclimateinwhichtheywereinvented.TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.Inthebeginning,thedeliciousdishwasmadesimplybyboilingvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwater.Overtime,ithasexpandedtoincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.WhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.IinstantlybecameabigfanofSichuanhotpotsandI’llsoonbebackformore!四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种方法。一开始，美味的火锅只不过是将菠菜、辣椒和花椒用水煮。后来，火锅的内容逐渐丰富，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的菠菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。我瞬间成了四川火锅的“铁杆粉丝”，我很快会再回来吃的。12August,Nanjingsaltedduck8月12日，南京盐水鸭SaltedduckisNanjing’smostfamousfoodexport.Severalplaininthin,whiteslices,themeatisjuicyandsalty.EachNanjingsaltedducktakesseveraldaystoprepare,andtheprocessincludessalting,drying,boilingandcooling.AsIfinishedmyfirsthelpingonarecentafternooninNanjing,myhost,ChefZhang,toldmealittlemoreaboutthedish.盐水鸭是南京最有名的特色食品。鸭肉简单地切成白白的薄片，多汁带咸。每只盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。前几天下午，我在南京吃完我第一份盐水鸭后，做东的张大厨给我介绍了一下这道菜。ThecountrysidearoundNanjinghasbeenfamousforitsducksforcenturies;itscountlesswaterwaysmaketheareaperfectforraisingwaterbirds.AlocalhistorybookfromthelateQingDynastypraisedsaltedduckinparticular,sayingitwaswithoutequal.Traditionally,duckisconsideredtohavecoolingproperties,soitisappropriateforthehotsummermonths.Nowadays,peopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!ItdefinitelyhitthespotwhenItriedit,andithasbecomeoneofmypersonalfavourites.南京周边的乡村因为鸭子已经驰名中外数百年，这一带水网密布，非常适合养殖水禽。一本清末的地方志尤其盛赞盐水鸭，称其无与伦比。传统上鸭肉被认为性凉，所以适宜在炎热的夏季食用。如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！我一尝，它正对我胃口，盐水鸭已经成了我最钟爱的美食之一。8December,Cantonesedimsum12月8日，广东点心InGuangzhou,morningteaissuchanessentialpartofthedailyroutinethat“Haveyouhadyourtea?”hasbecomethelocalversionof“Goodmorning.”ThoughteahouseshavebeencommoninChinasincetheTangDynasty,theCantoneseinnovationofthemid-19thcenturywastoserveteatogetherwithavarietyoflightdishes,ordimsum.Theconcepttookoff,andtodayGuangzhou’srestaurantsstimulatecustomers’appetitewithoverathousandofferings,eachmoredelicateanddeliciousthanthelast.在广东，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未”（粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗”译者注）成了当地人问候早安的方式。虽说茶馆在中国从唐代开始司空见惯了，但19世纪中叶广东人的创新在于将茶佐以各种小菜或点心。这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致，可口。TheCantonesedonothurryovertheirbreakfast,asIfoundwhenIvisitedarestaurantinGuangzhou’soldcitycentrethismorning,Theemphasisisratheronconversationaboutbusiness,familyorpleasure,andlocalscanspendhourstogetherchatting,drinkingteaandworkingtheirwaythroughthemenu.Frombeefballstoricenoodlerolls,therearevariousdishesthathavebeenbaked,boiled,steamedorfried.Asinglevisitisnotenoughtoappreciateeverything,andIhavealonglistofdimsumIstillneedtotry.广东人用早餐并不匆忙，正如今天早晨我在广东老城区中心的一家餐厅所见的那样，重点是谈生意，话家常、说乐子。当地人可以花上几个小时一起谈天，饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。从牛丸到肥肠，烤、煮、蒸、炸的菜品各式各样，来一次不足以尝个遍，我列出了一个长长的清单，都是以后要品尝的点心。Unit2TheUniversallanguage课文及译文ReadingAgreatwaytolearnaboutanewcultureisthroughitsmusic.Theemailsbelowarewrittenbytwoexchangestudentswhoarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Beforeyoureadtheemails,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Whatinformationdoyouthinktheemailscontainaccordingtothesubjects?HaveyouwatchedamusicperformanceliveoronTV?Whatwasitlike?Understandingculturethroughmusic透过音乐理解文化HiLucy,露丝：Sogladtogetyouremail.Ihopeeverythingisfinewithyou.Lastnight,IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLovers,abeautifulviolinconcertocomposedbyHeZhanhaoandChenGang.It’sapiecethatreallydeservestobeheard.你好！很高兴收到你的电邮。希望你一切都好。昨晚吗，我观看了一场《梁祝》的演出，这是由何占豪、陈钢创作的一部动听的小提琴协奏曲，这部作品真的值得一听。Themusictookmethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcoupletornapartbytheirfamilies.Whenthetwolover,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusictislightandpleasant,asifwhisperingtotheaudience.Itisfollowedbyafastandcheerfulsectionwhichrepresentstheirthreehappyyearsofschool.ThenthemusicgetsdramaticwithheaviernotesandthatiswhentheloversareseparatedbecauseZhu’sfatherforceshertomarryanotherman.Angryandsad,Liangfallssickanddies.Zhuweepsbitterlyoverthelossherlove.Overcomewithsorrow,shejumpsintohisgrave.Finally,duringthemostexcitingpart,themusictakesasofterturnandendsonabittersweetnote,tellingushowthecoupletransformintobutterfliesandflyawaytobetogetherforever.Itisanamazingjourney!乐曲带我进入了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，讲述的是一对年轻情侣被他们家庭拆散的遭遇。当两个相爱的人，梁山伯与祝英台初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是在低声耳语。随后是欢快的一节，代表两人同窗三载的快乐时光。接下来，曲调突然变得沉重，此时这对情侣被拆散，因为祝英台的父亲逼她另嫁他人。梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡，祝英台为失挚爱而痛哭，不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。最后，在最激昂的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以凄美的曲调收尾，它告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离，真是一段美妙的旅程！ButterflyLoverscombinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements:itisplayedonWesterninstrumentssuchastheviolin,butmoresignificantly,muchofthemusichasitsrootsinChineseYueOpera.Thisuniquecombinationhasmademerealizethatmusicisindeedauniversallanguage.YoushoulddefinitelylistentoButterflyLovers—Ibetyou’lllikeit.《梁祝》融合了中西方的音乐元素，以西方乐器，譬如小提琴等演奏，但更重要的是，其曲调大多源自中国的越剧，这种独特的融合使我认识到，音乐的确使一种世界语言。你真该听一听《梁祝》我保证你一定会喜欢它！Allthebest,祝一切顺利！Alice爱丽丝DearStephen,亲爱的斯蒂芬：LifehereinNashvilleisasinterestingasIthoughtitwouldbe.Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic,soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.IlovelearningaboutcountrymusicandIkeepaskingthemquestionsaboutitallthetime!在纳什维尔的生活和我之前料想得一样有趣。我（寄宿）的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们能给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲，我喜欢了解乡村音乐，一直在请教他们关于乡村音乐的问题。ItturnsoutthatcountrymusicbecamepopularrighthereinthesouthofAmericainthe1940sandthenspreadacrossthenation.Itgrewoutofsuchmusictypesasthebluesandfolkmusic,sothemusiciansusemanysimilarinstruments,suchastheguitar.Thetunesareeasytosing,andthelyricsoftenleaveyoudeepinthought.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak,butalsoabouthope—withplentyofhumourthrowninforgoodmeasure.Youcanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenyouandthemusicians.原来，20世纪50年代乡村音乐正是在美国南部这里流行起来的。随后传遍整个美国。它源于诸如布鲁斯和民谣这样的音乐，所以音乐家们使用很多类似的乐器，比如吉他，乡村音乐的调子朗朗上口，歌词常常发人深省。大部分歌曲唱的是艰难与心碎，但也有希望其中还附加了很多幽默元素，你可以感受到自己与音乐家之间的那种情感的联系。Countrymusicshowsthepeacefulgreenfieldsandsimplelifeofthecountryside.ObviouslyIdon’tknowwhatit’strulyliketogrowupinruralAmerica,butthemasterofcountrymusic,likeJohnDenver,canmakeyoufeellikeyou’rethere.Thesimpletunesandbeautifulnaturalimagesareoftenverysuggestiveofcountrysidesurroundings:乡村音乐展现的是乡村静谧的绿野和质朴的生活。我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子，但是乡村音乐的大师们，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得身临其境，简单的曲调和唯美的大自然很容易使人联想到乡村的环境。Almostheaven,WestVirginiaBlueRidgeMountains,ShenandoahRiverLifeisoldthere,olderthanthetreesYoungerthanthemountains,growinglikeabreeze(From“TakeMeHome,CountryRoads”byJohnDenver)Whydon’tyoutrytolistentosomegreatcountrymusic?Iguaranteeyou’llenjoyit!西弗吉尼亚，简直就是天堂蓝岭山脉，谢南多厄河流那里生命古老，比数更年长又比群山年轻，像风一样生长(摘自约翰·丹佛《乡村路带我回家》你为什么不试试听几首很棒的乡村音乐？我保证你会喜欢的！Bestwishes,致最美好的祝福，Harry哈里ExtendedreadingReadthemagazinearticleaboutthegreatclassicalmusicianLudwigvanBeethoven.Beethoven:贝多芬aremarkablelife非凡的一生On7May1824,acrowdofmusicloversstreamedintoatheatreinViennatohearthefirst-everperformanceofthegreatLudwigVanBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.9.Thecrowdimmediatelyrecognizedthattheywerelisteningtosomethingtrulyspecial,andtheybrokeintoenthusiasticcheersattheendofthesymphony.Beethoven,whowasalmostcompletelydeafatthispointinhislife,wasunawareoftheaudience’sresponseuntiloneofthesingersturnedhimaroundtofacethecrowd.Beforehim,hesawaseaofpeopleallstanding,clapping,andwavingtheirhatsandhandkerchiefstoexpresstheirappreciationofhismasterwork.1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳的一座剧院，聆听大作曲家路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首演。听众很快意识到他们所听绝非凡品，演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才发觉反响之热烈。他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着对这部杰作的赞赏。SymphonyNo9wasBeethoven’slastmajorpieceofmusicinavastbodyofworkswrittenthroughouthisremarkablelife.Asagiftedchild,Beethovenwaspushedbyhisfathertostudymusicdayandnight.Notlongafter,hebegantobeappreciatedforhispianoperformances.Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.Manyimportantfiguresinthemusicworld,includingthebrilliantmusicianMozart,startedmakingpredictionsaboutBeethoven’sextraordinaryfuture.However,lifetookasharpturn.Inhislatetwenties,Beethovensufferedoneoftheworstpossibletwistsforamusician:hestartedtolosehishearing.贝多芬非凡的一生留下了极为丰厚的作品，《第九交响曲》是他最后一部大型作品。贝多芬幼年即展露才华，在父亲管教下夜以继日地学习音乐。没过多久，他的钢琴演奏已受人赏识。十多岁的时候，他已经是有名的杰出少年音乐家了。不少音乐领域的重要人物，包括才华卓越的莫扎特，都纷纷对他不可限量的前程给出预言。然而，厄运突至，不到三十岁，贝多芬就开始经受音乐家来说至为残酷的挫折：他的听觉开始衰退了。ThelossofhishearingdeeplydepressedBeethoven.Hewassoupsetthat,atfirst,hewantedtokeepitasecret.Inalettertohisbrothers,hewrote,“howcouldIpossiblyadmitaweaknessintheonesensewhichshouldbemoreperfectinmethaninothers,asensewhichIoncepossessedinthegreatestperfection...”Eveninhisdarkestmoments,however,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.Despitehishearingloss,hewasdeterminedtofindawaytocontinuelivingalifefullofmusic.Heusedavarietyofhearingaidstotrytoincreasetheamountofsoundhecouldtakein.Whencomposingmusicatthepiano,hewouldputoneendofapencilinhismouthandplacetheotherendagainsttheinstrumentsothathecouldfeelthenotes.AlthoughBeethovenwasabletocontinuecomposingmusic,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforhimtoperforminpublic.WhenBeethovenpresentedSymphonyNo.9Viennain1824,itwashisfirsttimeonstageinovertenyears.听觉下降令贝多芬深受打击。他痛苦不堪，起初只想尽量隐瞒。他在给弟弟的信中说：“……这样一种在我身上本应比别人更加完美的感官，这样一种我曾经有绝顶禀赋的感官，如今怎能让我承认它有了缺陷……”然而，即使在那些最晦暗的时刻，贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。虽然听不清了，但他决心想办法让生活继续充满音乐。他尝试各种各样的助听设备，让自己听到更多的声音。在钢琴上作曲时，他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里，另一端顶住钢琴，这样就能感受到音符。作曲还可以继续，但公开演出对于他而言越来越艰难了。1824年在维也纳指挥这场《第九交响曲》，是他十多年来第一次登台。Sincethatday,Beethoven’sSymphonyNo.9hasbecomeoneofthemostfamousandtreasuredpiecesinthehistoryofclassicalmusic.Thefirstmovementstartsquietly,butallofasuddenthewholeorchestrabreaksintoanenergetictheme.YoucansoonfeelthedeterminationaqualityBeethovenunderstoodwellbecauseofhishearingdifficulties--coursingthroughthemusic.Thenexttwomovementsarefullofdesperatelowsandupliftinghighswhichperhapsreflectbothhissufferingandhisstrongwilltofightit.Themusicmovesthroughtechnicallydifficultsectionswithease,showinghisgeniusasacomposer.Finally,inthefourthmovement,heconnectsallofthedifferentvariationsintoajoyfulchorus.从此，贝多芬《第九交响曲》成为古典音乐史上最著名和最受珍视的作品之一。交响曲第一章先是在平静中开始，随后，乐队全体猛然奏出一个强烈的主题。你顿时会感到贯穿整部作品的那种刚毅那种深受听障之苦的贝多芬所熟知的品质。接下来的两个乐章，充满了绝望的低声部和激越的高声部，或许分别反映了作曲家的痛苦和与之抗争的坚强意志。即使技术难度很高的段落，音乐也都从容流过，展现了他作为作曲家的才华。最后，在第四乐章中，他将一系列形态各异的变奏合为一阙欢乐的合唱。AsBeethoven’slastgreatwork,hisSymphonyNo.9wasalsoagrandfinaletohislife--hediedlessthanthreeyearsaftertheconcertinVienna,aged56.Forhisamazingachievementsandforhisdeterminationeveninhisdarkestdays,Beethovenisregardedasoneofthemostremarkablemusicianswhoeverlived.《第九交响曲》是贝多芬最后一部伟大的作品，也是他的人生绝唱距这场维也纳音乐会举办未满三年，他就去世了，终年56岁。他惊人的艺术成就，以及在至暗岁月里都不曾动摇的顽强毅力，使他被公认为有史以来最卓越的音乐家之一。Unit3Theartofpainting课文及译文Firstimpressions第一印象3June六月3日Paris,France法国巴黎Asahugeartfan,IknewexactlywhatIwaslookingforwardtomostaboutmytriptoParis:visitingtheMuseed’Orsay.Housedinanoldrailwaybuilding,thisworld-famousartmuseumfeaturessomeofthebest-knownpaintingsfromtheImpressionistmovementofthe19thcentury.作为一个狂热的艺术家，我非常清楚自己此次巴黎之旅最期待的是什么参观奥赛博物馆。这家世界闻名的艺术博物馆设在一座古老的铁路建筑里，以19世纪印象派运动时期一些最著名的画作为特色。AsIwanderedthroughtheImpressionistgallery,IappreciatedmasterpieceslikeTheBalletClassandTheCardPlayers.EventhoughIhadadmiredthemhundredsoftimesonmycomputerscreen,nothingcouldhavepreparedmeforthewonderIfeltwhenIfinallylaideyesontherealthing.Whileitwashardtopickafavouritepaintingoutofsomanyamazingworks,theartistswhomadethedeepestimpressiononmeweretwoofthegreatestImpressionistpainters,ClaudeMonetandPierre-AugusteRenoir.漫步于印象派展馆，我欣赏着像《舞蹈课》和《玩纸牌者》这样的杰作。尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过数百次，但当我终于亲眼见到实物时，还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已。虽然从这么多令人称奇的作品中很难选出一幅最喜欢的，但两位伟大的印象派画家给我留下了深刻的印象--克劳德·莫奈和皮埃尔-奥古斯特·雷诺阿。IcouldseefromMonet’sworksthathewasgreatlyinspiredbynature.Inthelastthreedecadesofhislifehepaintedmostlyscenesfromhisgarden.OneofthesescenesisshowninthefamouspieceBlueWaterLilies,whichIstudiedforquiteawhileinthegallery.Icouldn’tbelieveitwhenIheardhedidaround250paintingsofthesamewaterlilypond,allindifferentcoloursandstyles.ItisamazingthateverytimeMonetstudiedthissimplescene,hebroughtthepond’sbeautytothecanvasinauniqueway.从莫奈的作品中，我可以看出他深受大自然的启发。在他生命的最后30年里，他画的大多使自家花园的风景，其中一处风景就展现在他著名的《蓝睡莲》里，我在展馆里端详了好一阵子。当听说同一个睡莲池他画了大约250幅画，每一幅颜色和风格都各异时，我简直难以置信。令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。Renoir,Inoticed,preferredtopaintscenesofeverydaylife.Forme,themostinterestingofhispaintingsishis1876masterpieceDanceatLeMoulindelaGalette,whichshowslifeinabusyneighbourhoodofParisonaSundayafternoon.WhenIsawitupclose,Iwasstruckbythesmallareasoflightacrossthepainting,andthewaythesoftedgesofthefiguresseemedtomixtogether.There’ssomuchgoingon,butsolittlecleardetail.Thiseffectmakesthelivelymovementofthedancealmostjumpoutattheviewer.我注意到，雷诺阿更喜欢描绘日常生活场景。在我看来，它最有趣的画作是他1876年的杰作《煎饼魔坊的舞会》，这幅画展现了某个周日下午巴黎一处热闹街区的生活。近距离观赏，画布上遍布着小面积的光斑，人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体，令我大为震撼。画上呈现的内容如此丰富，但清晰的细节又如此之少。这种效果使得舞蹈动作活灵活现，引人注目。Althoughthepaintingshadverydifferentsettings,itwastheirsimilaritiesthatstayedwithmelongafterIlefttheMuseed’OrsaysimilaritieswhichcanbeseenthroughouttheImpressionist’spaintings.MonetandRenoir,alongwithotherlike-mindedartists,soughtliberationfromtherulesoftheoldstyle.Everydaysubjectmatterwasthemainfocusoftheirworks,asopposedtothehistorypaintingsthathadtraditionallydominatedEuropeanart.Theyemployedfreebrushworkandusedcolourstoshowtheeffectoflightonthings,creatingpaintingsthatwerefarlessrealisticthantheworksthatcamebefore.Tome,thesetechniquesaretheessenceoftheImpressionistviewofart.Impressionistartistsdidnottrytopainteverydetailinascene--justabrief“impression”theyhadatthatmoment,burningwithvividcoloursandlight,beforeitdisappeared.尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处这种相似之处在印象派的画作中随处可见。莫奈和雷诺阿，以及其他志趣相投的艺术家，都力求从之前风格的束缚中挣脱出来。印象派的作品主要关注日常主题，这与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材画作大相径庭。他们运用自由的笔法，使用色彩来表现光线投射在物体上的效果，创作的画远不如前人之作那么写实。在我看来，这些技巧是印象派艺术观的精髓。印象派画家试图描绘的并非某个场景的所以细节--而是他们当时产生的瞬间“印象”，在它消失之前，迸发着鲜明的光彩。TheImpressionists’visioninspiredawholenewgenerationofPost-ImpressionistpainterssuchasVincentvanGoghandPaulGauguin,whoseworksarealsodisplayedattheMuseed’Orsay.ItisalsoworthyofnotethatPost-ImpressionistpainterswerenottheonlyonestobeinfluencedbyImpressionism--themovementhashadalastinginfluenceonmodernart,encouragingartiststolookattheworldfromanentirelynewpointofview.Itcertainlyleftalastingimpressiononmetoo!印象派的远见卓识启发了新一代的后印象派画家，如文森特·高更，奥赛博物馆有展出他们的作品。值得注意的是，后印象派画家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体--这场运动还对现代艺术产生了持久的影响，鼓励着艺术家们从一个全新的视觉去看待世界。当然，这也给我留下了难忘的印象！QingmingScroll《清明上河图》ZhangZeduan’sQingmingScrollisamasterworkofChineseart.Paintedonafive-metre-longsilkscroll,itoffersanimportantinsightintolifeinChinainbe12thcentury.ItiscommonlybelievedthatthecitydescribedinthepaintingisBianjing(present-dayKaifeng),thecapitaloftheNorthernSongDynasty.Theancientscrollhassurvivedthetestoftimeremarkablywell,andiscurrentlyhousedinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.张择端的《清明上河图》是中国艺术的杰作。此画为五米绢本长卷，它对于我们洞悉12世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京（今开封），即北宋的都城。这幅古老卷历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。Thescrollconsistsofthreemainsections.ThefirstsectionpresentsapeacefulsceneofrurallifenearBianjing,featuringcropfields,ariverwindingthroughthelandscape,andfarmershardatwork.ThesecondsectionshowstheriverbanksandthecentralbridgealivewithactivityasboatssailinandoutofBianjing.Civilianscanalsobeseenwalkingthroughthecitygateinbothdirections.Thethirdandfinalsectionpictureslifeinsidethecityitself.Here,hundredsofpeoplefromallwalksoflife,includingbutchers,hairdressersandgovernmentofficials,canbeseengoingabouttheirdailybusiness.ThecombinationofthesethreesectionsgivesthevieweranideaofwhatlifewaslikeforthepeopleofBianjing.全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭着。城门处能看到进进出出的百姓。第三部分，同时也是最后一部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人，肉贩、理发店、官差，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来，观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。Zhang’samazingartistictechniquesisapparentallacrossthescroll.Usinginkonsilk,hecreatesrealisticimagesofscenery,buildingsandpeople,anddisplaysaremarkablemasteryofperspective.Themostimpressiveaspectofthepainting,however,isprobablyZhang’sprecisebrushwork.Thiswell-developedability,aswellasthescroll’sambitionssize,allowsZhangtoshowanenormousamountofdetail--youcouldstudythepaintingforhoursandstilldiscoversomethingnew.显然，张择端在整幅画中表现了他高妙的艺术技巧。他高超的艺术技巧。他施墨于娟，落笔之处，风景、建筑、人物，无不逼真传神，同时展现出透视法的精通。不过，此画最引人注目之处是其精准细腻的笔法。凭借高超的技艺，以及恢宏的画幅，画家刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现。Thankstoallthisfinedetail,theQingmingScrollprovidesacomprehensivelookatlifeduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Itrevealsagreatdealaboutthe12th-centuryChinesecustoms,clothing,transportationmethods,businesspractices.Atfirstsight,theoverallsceneoflifeinthecapitalcityappearspeacefulandcheerful.However,somecriticsuggestthatoncloserinspection,thepaintingactuallyexposesseriouspoliticalandsocialproblems.Someboatscarryingfooddonotseemtobelongtothegovernment,whichsuggeststhatthegovernmenthaslostcontroloffoodsuppliesandtransportation.Alsointhepaintingaresoldierswhoappeartoignoretheirduties.Therearesomelessobviousindicatorsoftroubletoo.Forexample,inthecentreofthescroll,aboatisindangerofcrashingintothebridge.Thesesortsofdetailspointtoacrisisdevelopinginthecity.Infact,theNorthernSongDynastywasindeclinebythisstage.Abouttwentyyearsafterthepaintingwascompleted,itwasoverthrown.多亏这些精准的细节，《清明上河图》全面展示了北宋时期的生活景象。它透露了12世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商业活动，以及诸如庙宇、茶馆、政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面的诸多细节。咋看上去，京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉。然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。此外还有一些不好的苗头，不太容易觉察。比如，画卷中部有一艘船眼看就要撞到桥上。种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约20年后，北宋覆灭。Zhang’stimelessscrollisanimportantexampleofrealisminthehistoryofChinesepaintings.Itsvalueisdownnotonlytoitsgreatscale,artisticqualityandattentiontodetail,butalsotoitsrepresentationofdailylife.Suchisitsworththatseverallateremperorsevenaskedthemosttalentedartistsoftheirdaytomakecopiesofthescroll.Someofthesecopiesarenowregardedaspreciousworksofartintheirownright.WiththeQingmingScroll,ZhangmadeanoutstandingcontributiontoChineseartandgreatlyinfluencedgenerationsoffutureartists.张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范。它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，更在于其对日常生活的再现。其价值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品。张择端以这幅《清明上河图》对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献，也深刻影响后世一代又一代的艺术家。Theoriginalscrollisstil