2017年云南师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

云南师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考生答题须知.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。.评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔)，用其它笔答题不给分。.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。PartLListeningComprehension(25%)SpotDictationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtohearapassage.Thepassagewillhereadonlyonce.Asyoulistentothepassage,fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.Afterthepassage,therewillbea3-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustwritethewordsontheAnswerSheet.Arecentuniversityresearchprojectinvestigatedtheattitudesofpostgraduatesciencestudents(1)thelearningofEnglishvocabulary.Theresultswereurprising.I'll(2)threeofthem.firstly,mostofthestcrdeaatsthinkthat(3)everywordillEnglishhasjustonemeaning.Thisis,ofcourse:,completely(4)tothefacts.AglanceatanyEnglishdictionarywillshowthis.Thestudentwill(5)findsevenoreightmeaningslistedfor(6)simple'words.Why,then,havethesestudentsmadesuchamistake:'Onereasonirnaybethatthey're.ill(7).students.Scientiststrytousewordsilltheirspecialsubjectwhichhaveonemeaning,andonemeaningonly.Anotherreason.,ofcourse,couldbethewayinWhichtheseStudent,WereTheymayhaveusedvocabularylistswhentheyfirstlearnerEnglish.(MonesideofthepageisthewordinIaaglish-,ontheothersloe,asingle\ti'ordinthe(Q)nativelanguage.'lHesecondattitudethat(10)fromthefindingsisequallymistaken.(11)allthestudentsthinkthateverywordinEnglishhasanexact(12)equivalent.Again,thisisfarfromthetrijth.SometimesonewordinIinglishcanonlybetranslatedbya(13)inthestudent'snativelanguialc."thereareother(l4)illtranslationwhichwewon'tmentionhere.(:ertainlytheideaofaonewordforonewordtranslation(15)iscompletelyfalse.Translationmachines,whichtriedtoworkonthis(16)failedcompletely.Thethirdresult'oftheinvestigationshowedanother(17)inthestudents'thinking.Theybelievethatassoonastheyknowthemeaningofaword,they'reina(18)touseitcorrectly.Thisisuntrueforanylanguagebutisperhapsparticularly(19)forEnglish.Thestudenthastolearnwhentouseawordaswellastoknowwhatitmeans.SomewordsinEnglishmeanalmostthesamebuttheycanonlybeusedincertainsituations.What,then,isthebestwaytoincreaseone'svocabulary?Thiscanbeansweredinthreewords-observation,(20)andrepetition.MultipleChoiceDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillhearSquestions.Thepassageandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenwriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSlicet.A)IthadnoefFectonlivingcells.13)Ithadeffectsonlivingcells.C)Ithadeffectsonlyonchildren.I))Ithadeffectsonlyonadults.A)Anincreasingnumberofcancersinchildren.Alinkbetweenanelectriccurrentandtheenergyfold.C)Acausallinkbetweenthepower-lineordeviceandtheenergyfield.1))ASmallincreasedchanceofcancerinchildrenlivingnearelectricpower-line.A)446.13)464.C)223.1))234.A)Becausehedoesn'thaveenoughevidence.R)Becauseotherscientistshavenotstudiedhisresultsyet.C.)Becausehediscoverednodirectlinkbetweendiseaseandelectricity.D)Becausethelinkbetweencancerandelectricityhasnotyetbeenproved.A)Healthandenvironment.Electriccurrentandtheenergyfield.C)Electricityandcancer.D)Electricalworkersandcancer.SectionC:QuestionandAnswerDirections:]nthissection,youwillhearapassage.Thepassagewillbereadonlyonce.Thentrytoanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.RememberyoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Whyaren'tmostnewdoctorsinterestedinbeginningworkinasmalltown?Whydomanysmalltowndoctorsworklonghours?28.WhatisthegrowingproblemintheUnitedStates?29.HowmanynewdoctorsdidtheNationalHealthServiceCorpsproducein1979?WhomdidahospitalinParkerspraryofferarewardo?5,000dollarto?Part11[.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Toqualifyforsuchaposition,thenativewouldfirsthavetoreceivespecializedtraining,andthisisA)refusedB)discouragedC)deniedD)forbiddenThelittlegirlworeaverythincoat.Asuddengustofcoldwindmadeher

C)shiverD)shakePresently,therearenineteachersinmyteam,whohavethetaskofteachingadvancedEnglishtoD)shakemorethan500non-Englishmajors.A)inclinedB)hesitatedC)affordedD)undertakenThepressdemandsthatpoliticiansthesourcesoftheirincome.A)betrayB)concealC)discloseD)renewHavinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameamwithastrongA)philosophyB)idealismC)moralityD)personalityOnenewtolearningaforeignlanguageistostudythelanguageinitsculturalcontext.A)approachB)solutionC)mannerD)roadTomaintainpublicisnotonlythepolicemen'sdutybutfeverycitizen'sresponsibility.A)customB)confidenceC)securityD)simplicityAllwasdarkinthedistrictexceptforacandlethroughthcurtainsinoneofhouses.A)glimmeringB)glitteringC)flamingD)blazingOneofthestandsanddozensofpeoplewereeitherkillerorinjured.A)destroyedB)collapsedD)ruinedD)ruinedC)corroded"Me,afraidofhim?"hesaidwitha(n)smile,"Notme!"A)contemptibleB)amusingC)contagiousD)contemptuousHewillsimplynolistentoanybody;heistoargument.A)imperviousB)imperceptibleC)impassableD)bluntStopaskingallthesepersonalquestions!ItisbadmannerstobeA)inquisitiveB)impatientC)acquisitiveD)informativeHebetweenlifeanddeathforafewdaysbutthenhepul:A)hoveredB)lurchedC)waveredD)fluctuatedWearepreparedtosatisfyallyourclaimA}legitimateB)legibleC)intimateD)legislativeThereisnotaGreekwordwhichistheexactoftheEnglishword'stile'.A)equivalentB)copyC)counterpartD)meaningTheprizeswillbeattheendoftheschoolyear.A)distributedB)attributedC)grantedC)grantedD)contributedDuringourstayinParisweweresplendidlybytheItalianAmbassador.A)sustainedB)maintainedC)retainedD)entertainedOnleaving,wethankedhimmostwarmlyforthehospitalitytousandourfriends.A)extendedB)expandedC)expendedD)awardedIfthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.A)amiableB)amicableC)inimicalD)unfriendlyIfImaybesoastoadviseyou,myopinionisthatyoushouldnotreplytohisletter.A)generousB)humbleC)proudD)boldIfyoutakea(n)courselikeheryoucanlearnEnglishinlessthantwoyears.A)intensiveB)extensiveC)expansiveD)retentiveAfterayear'shardworkIthinkIamtoalongholiday.10A)entailedB)deservedC)entitledD)satisfiedThousandsofpeoplefromGreeceeveryyeartoworkinWestGermany.A)emigrateB)leave

C)abandonD)immigrate54,liewasamemberoftheHillarythatconqueredMountEverest.A)missionB)invasionC)experimentD)expeditionItwasmysaddutytothenewsofJohn'sdeathtohisfamily.A)submitB)breakC)sayD)proclaimHehimselfasawarcorrespondentinVietnam.A)discernedB)distinguishedC)discriminatedD)extinguishedShehisinvitationtodinnerasshewasonadiet.A)inclinedB)declinedC)deniedD)disinclinedHewaswithattemptedrobberyandheldincustody..A)accusedB)prosecutedC)chargedD)arrestedWhatthewitnesssaidincourtwasnotwiththestatementhemadetothepolice.A)prevalentB)relevantC)consistentD)coincidentC)consistentD)coincidentMollyhasalwaysbeepa(n)child;shebecomesilleasily.A)delicateB)gloomyC)energeticD)confidentTherearesomeverybeautifullyglasswindowsinthechurch.A)designedB)drawnC)markedD)stainedThemanwhonevertriesanythingnewisa(n)onthewheelsofprogress.A)obstacleB)brakeC)breakD)blockThereisasaleatHamfridge'snextweekwithinalldepartments.A)decreasesB)subtractionsC)reductionsD)accountsDoctorshavelongknownthatifapatientisthathewillrecoverandistreatedwithsympathy,hispainwilloftendisappear.A)assumedB)assuredC)informedD)provedAlthoughmostbirdshaveonlyasenseofsmell,theyhaveacutevision.A}genuine.B)negativeC)negligibleD)condensedWearesorrytosaythatMaryisnottheverypersonwhocanbewitheithermoneyorsecretinformation.A)entrustedB)committedC)consignedD)assignedIfyouneverreviewyourlessons,youwillonlyhaveyourselftoifyoufailinyourexamination.A)complainB)blameC)mistakeD)faultWewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletelyA)irresistibleB)irremissibleC}irreplaceableD)irretrievableHadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassagersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwastimedwiththeplane'stake-off.A)spontaneouslyB)instantaneouslyC}simultaneouslyD)conscientiouslyThetwowitnesseswhosawtheshootingswereabletowhohardfiredfirst.A)encounterB)highlightC}testifyD)identifyPartIII.ReadingComprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:Thereare6passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Hewasstandingattheedgeofoneofthetankswhereseveralofthesehighlyintelligent,friendlycreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehiui,andhadturnedonhisback.HewantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ButthistimeElvarwastoodeepinthewaterforSagantoreachhim.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterintotheairandmadeasoundjustliketheword'More?'Theastonishedastronomerwent-tothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.'Oh,yes:That'soneofthewordsheknows,'thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbrainsinproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumbero?sounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfaster,andmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinsthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavea'language'intherealsenseoftheword?Scientistsdon'tagreeonthis.Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructure,orwhatwecallagrammar.Thegrammarofalanguagehelpstogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestions'WholovesMary?'and'WhodoesMarylove?'meandifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn'tcomefromthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion'Candolphinsspeak?'can'tbeanswereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminwayswhichaffecttheirmeaning.ThedolphinleaptintotheairbecauseSaganhadturnedhisbackitwaspartofthegametheywereplayinghewantedSagantoscratchhimagainSaganwantedhimtodothisWhenSagantoldthedirectoraboutwhatthedolphinhaddone,thedirectordidn'tseemtothinkitwasunusualthoughtSaganwasjokingtoldSaganaboutotherwordsthedolphinknewaskedhimifheknewotherwordsDolphins'brainsareparticularlywell-developedtohelpthemtotravelfastinwaterarrangesoundsindifferentstructuresrespondtodifferentkindsofsoundcommunicatewithhumansthroughsoundThesoundswecallwordscanbecalledalanguageonlyifeachsoundhasadifferentmeaningeachsoundisdifferentfromtheotherthereisasystemofwritingtheyhaveastructureorgrammarMarriedpeoplelive"happilyeverafter"infairytales,buttheydosolessandlessofteninreallife.1,likemanyofmyfriends,gotmarried,divorced,andremarried.Isuppose,tosomepeople,I'mafailure.Afterall,Ibrokemyfirstsolemnpromiseto"loveandcherishuntildeathusdopart."ButIfeelthatI'mfinallyasuccess.IlearnedfromthemistakesImadeinmyfirstmarriage.Thistimearound,thewaysmyhusbandandIshareourfreetime,makedecisions,anddealwithproblemsareverydifferent.Ilearned,firstofall,nottobeaclingingvine(依赖男子的妇女).Inmyfirstmarriage,Ifelttheeverymomentwespentapartwaswasted.IfRaywantedtogoouttoabarwithhisfriendstowatchafootballgame,Ifeltrejectedandtalkedhimintostayinghome.Iwouldn'tacceptanoffertogotoamovieorjoinanexerciseclassit'itmeantthatRaywouldbehomealone.Irealizenowthatwewereoftenangrywitheachotherjustbecausewespenttoomuchtimetogether.Incontrast,mysecondhusbandandIspendsomeofourtreetimeapartandtrytohaveinterestsofourown.Ihavestartedplayingracquetballatahealthclub,andDavidsometimestakesofftogotothelocalautoraceswithhisfriends.Whenwearetogether,wearen'tboredwitheachother;ourseparateinterestsmakeusmoreinterestingpeople.Ilearnednotonlytobeapartsometimesbutalsotoworktogetherwhenit'simetomakedecisions.WhenRayandIweremarried,Ileftalltheimportantdecisionstohim.Hedecidedhowwewouldspendmoney,whetherweshouldsellthecarorfixit,andwheretotakeavacation.IknownowthatIwentalongwiththissothatIwouldn'thavetotaketheresponsibilitywhenthingswentwrong.Icouldalwaysendanargumentbysaying,"Itwasyourfault!"Withmysecondmarriage,Iamtryingtobeafullpartner.Weaskeachother'sopinionsonmajordecisionsandtrytocompromiseifwedisagree.Ifwemakethewrongchoice,we'reequallyguilty.Whenwerentedanapartment,forexample,webothhadtotaketheblamefornotnoticingthedraftywindowsandthe"nopets"clauseinourlease.MaybethemostimportantthingI'velearnedistobeagrown-upaboutfacingproblems.Davidandihavemadeavowtofaceourtroubleslikeadults.Ifwe'remadateachotherorworriedandupset,wesayhowwefeel.Ratherthanhidebehindourownmisery,wetalkabouttheproblemuntilwediscoverhowtofixit.Everybodyarguesorhastodealwiththeoccasionalcrisis,butRayandIalwaysreactedlikechildrentothesestormytimes.Iwouldlockmyselfinthesparebedroom.Raywouldstalkoutofthehouse,slamthedoor,andraceoffinthecar.ThenIwouldcryandworrytillhereturned.Iwishthatmyfirstmarriagehadn'tbeentheplacewhereIlearnedhowtomakearelationshipwork,butatleastIdidlearn.1feelbetternowaboutbeinganindependentperson,aboutmakingdecisions,andaboutfacingproblems.Mysecondmarriageisn'tperfect,butitdoesn'thavethedeepflawsthatmadethefirstonefallapart.Whichofthefollowinghascontributedtothewriter'sdivorce?Herformerhusbandwentouttowatchfootballgames.Shestartedtoplayracquetballatahealthclub.Theyspenttoomuchtimetogetherandgotboredwitheachother.Theyspentsolittletimetogetherthattheycouldnottalktoeachother.76.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthewriter,inherfirstmarriage,tooklessresponsibilitythansheshouldformajordecisiontool:thesameresponsibilityasherhusbandtookmoreblamewhenthingswentwrongfeltequallyguiltywhenthingswentwrongWhichofthefollowingthattheauthorshouldhavesaidwhenshequarrelledwithherformerhusbandbutshedidnot."Itwasyourfault!""Maybeyou'reright.""It'snoneofyourbusiness.""It'snoneofmybusiness."AlltheproblemsbetweenthewriterandDavidcanberesolvedbecausetheyhidetheirfeelingstheylockthemselvesintheirbedroomtheyhavepromisednottobemadateachothertheydaretofacethemThewriter'ssecondmarriageisdifferentfromthefirstoneinallthefollowingwaysexceptthattheysharetheirfreetimethattheymaketheirdecisionstogetherthattheytalktoeachotherthattheydealwiththeirtroublestogetherThebesttitleforthepassageisFirstMarriageSecondMarriageDivorcePerfectMarriageClassifiedAdvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas"HelpWanted","RealEstate,""LostandFound"aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanthatfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwho,isinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisermay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementthatwouldbelostifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader'sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreasinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupisvyingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader'sattention.Inmanycasestheresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusetheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatwaytheclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealitybecomeadisplayadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising.ClassifiedadvertisingisdifferenttodisplayadvertisingbecausealladvertisementsofacertaintypearegroupedtogetheritismoredistinguisheditismoreexpensivenowadaystheclassifiedadvertisementsareallofthesamesizeOneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementishouseforsalepeoplewhoareaskingforhelppeoplewhoarelostrealantiquesforsaleWhatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisements,accordingtothewriter?Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.Whatdoesthewritersayabouttheclassifiedadvertisementsthatusedtobeputinthepapers?Theyusedtobevoluntary.Theyusedtousedisplaytype.Theywereallthesamesize.Theyweremoreformal.Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance,accordingtothewriter?Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallernow.Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongstadvertisers..(4)MrAbu,thelaboratoryattendant,cameinfromtheadjoiningstoreandbrisklycleanedtheblackboard.HewasaretiredAfricansergeantfromtheArmyMedicalCorpsandwasfearedbytheboys.Ifhecaughtanyoftheminanypettythieving,heofferedthemthechoiceofahardsmackonthebottomorofbeingreportedtothesciencemasters.Mostboyschosetheformerastheyknewthematterwouldendtherewithnolonginterviews,moralargumentsandanentryintheconductbook.Thesciencemaster,amancalledVernier,steppedinandstoodonhissmallplatform.Verniersettheexperimentsforthedayanddemonstratedthem,thenretiredbehindthe"ChurchTimes"whichhereadseriouslyinbetweenwalkingquicklyalongtherowsoflaboratorybenches,advisingboys.Itwasasimpleheatexperimenttoshowthatadarksurfacegaveoutmoreheatbyradiationthanabrightsurface.Duringtheclass,VernierwascalledawaytothetelephoneandAbuwasnotabout,havingretiredtothelavatoryforasmoke.Assoonasapostedguardannouncedthathewasoutofsight,minorpandemonium('Nk)brokeout.Someoftheboysraidedthestore.Thewealthieronestookrubbertubingtomakecatapultsandtorepairbicycles,andhelpedthemselvestochemicalsfordevelopingphotographicfilms.Thepoorerboys,withamoredeterminedaim,tookonlythingsofstrictcommercialinterstwhichcouldbesoldeasilyinthemarket.Theyemptiedstuffintobottlesintheirpockets.Sodaformakingsoap,magnesiumsulphateforopeningmedicine,saltforcooking,liquidparaffinforwomen'shairdressing,andfineyellowiodoformpowdermuchindemandforsprinklingonsores.Kojoobjectedmildlytoallthis."Oh,shutup!”afewboyssaid.Sorie,ahugeboywhoalwaysworeafezindoors,commandedrespectandsomeleadershipintheclass.Hewasgentlydrinkinghisfavouritemixtureofdilutedalcoholandbicarbonatewhichhecalled"ginandfizz"fromabeaker."Lookhere,Kojo,youaregettingoutofhand.Whatdoyouthinkourparentspaytaxesandschoolfeesfor?ForustoenjoyortobuyanewcareveryyearforSimpson?"Theotherboyslaughed.SimpsonwastheEuropeanheadmaster,fearedbythesmallboys,adoredbytheboysinthemiddleschool,andliked,inacriticalfashion,withreservations,bysomeoftheseniorboysandAfricanmasters.Hehadapassionfornewmotor-cars,buyingoneyearly."Cometothinkofit,"SoriecontinuedtoKojo,"youmusttakesomethingyourself,thenwe'llknowwearesafe,""Yes,youmust,"theotherboysinsisted.Kojogaveinand,unwillingly,tookalittlenitrateforsomegunpowderexperimentswhichhewascarryingoutathome."Someone!"thelook-outcalled.Theboysranbacktotheirseatsinamoment.Soriewashedouthismouth,atthesinkwithsomewater.MrAbu,thelaboratoryattendant,enteredandobservedtheinnocentexpressiononthefacesofthewholeclass.Helookedroundfiercelyandsuspiciously,andthensniffedtheair.Itwasaphysicsexperiment,buttheplacesmelledchemical.However,Vemiercameinthen.Afteraskingifanyonewasindifficulties,andfindingthatnoonecouldinamomentthinkupanything,heretiredtohischairandsettleddowntoanarticleonChristianreunion.86,TheboyswereafraidofMrAbubecausehehadbeenanArmysergeantandhadmilitaryideasofdisciplinehereportedthemtotheSciencemasterswheneverhecaughtthempettythievinghewascruelhebelievedinstrictdisciplineWhentheboyswerecaughtpettythieving,theyusuallychosetobebeatenbyMrAbubecausehegavethemonlyonehardsmackinsteadofthesixfromtheirteacherstheydidnotwanttogetabadreputationwiththeirteacherstheywereafraidoftheirsciencemastershispunishmentwasquickerthantheirteachers'Someboystookchemicalslikesodaandiodoformpowderbecausetheylikedtosetupstallsinthemarkedandsellthings,liketraderstheyweretoopoortobuythingslikesoapandmedicinetheywantedmoneyandcouldsellsuchthingsquicklytheyneededthingslikesoapandmedicineforsoresAbigdifferencebetweenKojoandSoriewasthatKojotookchemicalsforsomeusefulexperimentbutSorieonlywastedhisinmakinganalcoholicdrink.SoriewasrichbutKojowaspoorKojohadaguiltyconsciencebutSoriedidnotwhenKojoobjected.SorieprovedthatwhattheyweredoingwasreasonableOnenteringthelaboratory,MrAbuwasimmediatelysuspiciousbecausethewholeclasswaslookingsoinnocenthewasasuspiciousmanbynaturetherewasnoteacherintheroomhecouldsmellchemicalsandheknewitwasaphysicslesson,Alisonclosedthedoorofhersmallflatandputdownherbriefcase.Asusual,shehadbroughtsomeworkhomefromthetravelagency.Shewantedtohaveaquickbitetoeatandthen,afterspendingafewhoursworking,shewaslookingforwardtowatchingtelevisionorlisteningtosomemusic:.Shewasjustabouttostartpreparingherdinnerwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.'Uli,no!Whoonearthcouldthatbe?'shemutteredtoherself.Shewenttothedoorandopeneditjustwideenoughtoseewhoitwas.Amanofaboutsixtywasstandingthere.Ittookheramomentbeforesherealizedwhohewas.Helivedintheflatbelow.Theyhadpassedeachotheronthestairsonceortwice,andhadnoddedtoeachotherbutneverreallyspoken.'Uh,sorrytobotheryou,but...uh...there'ssomethingI'dliketotalktoyouabout,'hemumbled.Hehadalong,thinfaceandtwobigfrontteeththatmadehimlookratherlikearabbit.Alisonhesitated,butthen,openingthedoorwide,askedhimtocomein.Itwasthenthatshenoticedthedog.Shehateddogsparticularlybigones.Thisonewasaveryold,veryfatbulldog.Themanhadalreadyboneintohersmallliving-roomand,withoutbeingasked,hesatdownonthesofa.Thedogfollowedhiminandclimbeduponthesofanexttohim,breathingheavily.Shestaredatit.Itstaredback.Themancoughed.'Uh,doyoumindifIsmoke?'heasked.Beforeshecouldaskhimnotto,hehadtakenoutacigaretteandlitit.'I'lltellyouwhyI'vecome.I...Ihopeyouwon'tbeoffendedbut,well...,'hebeganandthenstopped.Suddenlyhisfacewentred.Hiswholebodybegantoshake.Thenanothercoughexplodedfromsomewheredeepinsidehim.Stillcoughing,hetookoutagrey,dirty-lookinghandkerchiefandspatintoit.Afterwardsheputthecigarettebackintohismouthandinhaleddeeply.Ashedidso,someashfellonthecarpet.Themanlookedaroundtheroom.Heseemedtohaveforgottenwhathewantedtosay.Alisonglancedatherwatchandwonderedwhenhewouldgettothepoint.Shewaited.'Niceplaceyou'vegothere,'hesaidatlast.HowdoyouthinkAlisonfeltwhensheheardtheknockatthedoor?A)Afraid.B)Irritated.C)Pleased.D)Curious.Whowasthemanatthedoor?Someonefromwork.Afriendwhoneededadvice.Acompletestranger.Aneighbourshehardlyknew.WhatdoyouthinkAlisonsaidtoherselfwhenshesawthedog?A)'Iwishhewouldn'tbringthatdoginhere.'B)'Oh,whatanicedog?'C)'What'swrongwiththatpoordog?'D)'I'msureI'veseenthatdogbeforesomewhere.'Whathappenedafterthemanaskedifhecouldsmoke?Alisonoffendedhimbyaskinghimnotto.Hewentaheadwithoutwaitingforananswer.Hebegantosmokebutthenputthecigaretteout.Hetookouthiscigarettesbutdidtolightone.Whydidhewanttotalktoher?Wearenottold.Hewantedtotellherhowniceherflatwas.Hewantedtointroducehimself.Shehaddonesomethingtooffendhim.Eveninfreshwatersharkshuntandkill.TheThreshershark,capableofliftingasmallboatoutofthewater,hasbeensightedamileinlandontheFoweyRiverinCornwall.KillersharksswimriverstoreachLakeNicaraguainCentralAmerica;theyaverageonehumanvictimeachyear.Sewageandgarbageattractsharksinland.Whenfloodscarrygarbagetotheriverstheyprovidearichdietwhichsometimesstimulatesanepidemicofsharkattacks.Warmwatergenerallyprovidessharkfood,andarichdietinflamestheshark'saggression.InBritishwaterssharksusuallyswimpeacefullybetweentenandtwentymilesoffshorewherewarmwatercurrentsfattenmackerelandpilchardsfortheirfood.Butthesharkisterrifyinglyunpredictable.Oneseamanwasseverelymauled()jV)asfarnorthasWickinScotland.Smallboatshavebeenattack