松江二中2020-2021学年高三上期中考试卷

松江二中2020学年度第一学期期中考试卷高三英语II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheKonaIronmanWorldChampionshipheldannuallyinHawaiiistriathlon's(铁人三项的)mosticonicevent.Itincludesa2.4-mileswim,a112-milebikerideanda26.2-milerun.Nowonderitisoftenconsideredoneof(21)(demanding)testsofenduranceintheworld.LastOctober,thechampionshipwitnessedanunbelievablefinish.TuriaPitt,anAustralianwomanwhosufferedsevereburnswhen(22)(catch)inabushfireduringamarathonsixyearsago,successfullychallengedherself.Pittspent864daysinahospitalandwentthrough,morethan200operations.Doctorssaidshewouldneverrunagain,butthey(23)(prove)tobewrong.CrossingthelineintheHawaiiandarkness,Pittshowedincredibleemotionastheracecommentatorannounced:"TuriaPitt,youareanironman!"Onsocialmedia,peoplearoundtheworldapplaudedherdetermination.Apartfromcontinuingtobeastarathlete,Pittisalsoamotivationalspeakernow.Sheissharingherjourneyofrecoverywithotherstohelpraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation,(24)shebelievessavedherlife.Pittwas24yearsoldwhensheandfiveothersencounteredthefire.Doctorshadtoremovetheburntskinandreplaceitwithdonatedskinthatcouldfightinfection.None(25)befoundinAustraliaanddoctorswereforcedtosearchabroad.TheyfinallyfoundskinthatcouldbeusedintheUnitedStates."I'mnotbeingdramatic,butitwastheskin(26)savedmylife"saidPitt."Idecidedtolivemylifetothebestofmyabilities(27)neverwantedthosedonors,wherevertheyare,tothinkIwasungratefulfortheirgift."SoPittsetherselfabiggoal:theKonaIronmanWorldChampionship.Inordertocompete,shehadtofirstlearnhowtostand,walkandeventalkalloveragain.Andbecauseofherburns,shealsohastrouble(28)(regulate)herbodytemperature.(29)thesedisadvantages,Pittcompletedtheraceinjust14hours.Shesaidthisachievementwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthedonatedskin,(30)(highlight)theimportanceoforgandonation.SectionB(15%)DirectionsA:fterreadingthepassageandthesentencesbelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.(A)DailyLifeinAncientAfricachallengedB.functionsC.solvedD.deservesE.mirrorsF.practicalG.furtherH.urgeI.presenceJ.opposingK.survival"Inwildernessisthepreservationoftheworld."Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowed31.aheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.The32.toleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitationbringstosuchlandscapesisreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperform33.thathumansneed－therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takesthe34.view.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhuman35.,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystrugglefor36..Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisno37.reasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothersIlookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeing38.bytheotherparticipants.Oneopinionisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisa39.questionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviously40.muchmoreseriousthinking.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Onsomelevel,officesexisttoinspirein-personcooperation.Butmanyofthebasictechnologiesthatemployeesnowusetoworktogetheroftenencouragethemtoworkvirtually41.oneanother.Document-editingservices,42.,allowemployeestocooperatewithoutevercommunicatinginphysicalspace,whilecloud-basedchatprogramsletworkersdiscussprojects,inrealtime,attheirrespectivecomputers.Howhaveworkers43.?“Theyweartheirheadphones-headphonesthatarethenewwalls-tosignaltheyareinvolvedinhigh-concentrationworkandnot44.forchitchat,”saysStoweBoyd,asocialcriticwhoseresearchfocusesonthefutureofwork.Such45.isindicativeofawiderworkplacetrend.Asoffice-communicationtechnologieshavebecomemoreadvanced,eractionwiththeirco-workers.Expertssaythisisashiftthatislikelytocontinue.Anumberofemergingtechnologiesevensuggestsafuture-perhapsdecadesaway,butmaybesooner-inwhichofficesarepopulatedbyemployeeswhoengageinvirtuallynoface-to-facecontact.What'stheupsideofachitchat-freefutureinwhichcolleaguesworktogetherinclosephysicalproximity（接近）butneverneedtotalkperson-to-person?Obviously,itmaymakeworkexperiencesmoreefficientby47.gossipdistractionsthatcangetinthewayofsubstantive（实质性的）affairs.Buttherearepossibleobstacles.It'spossiblethattechnologywillcreateamoreimpersonalatmosphere.Withoutthewatercooler-stylechitchatthatcanmakeworklifemorelively－researchsuggestsinformalofficeconversationscanboostproductivity－officerelationshipscouldstartto48.theinteractionswehavewithstrangersinpublicspaces.Eventually,someexpertsbelieve,humansmayremovethemselvesfromtheworkequationaltogether,thoughnotinthesensethattheywillbe49.byrobots,asmanyhavepredicted.JamaisCascio,anauthorandfuturist,50.atimewhenmachinelearningandartificialintelligencewillbringaboutdigitalsimulacra（幻象）thatimitatetheappearance,voice,andknowledgebaseofindividualemployees.Suchsimulacra,heexplains,rmationassistants,handlingvariousbriefprofessionalinteractions."Allofthiscancometogetherintoascenarioinwhichpeopleworkinginthesamephysicallocationstillhaveperson-to-personinteractions,"Casciosays,“butalmost52.fornon-workissues,whileusingsmartagentsandsimulacratodealwithprofessionalissues.”Boydenvisionsa（n）53.future,inwhichemployeesuseartificialintelligenceintheworkplace."We'llsoonbeatapointwhenourAIsaremeeting54.makingagreements,andthenpotentiallydoingourworkaswellhesays,onlyhalfjoking.Intheend,55.,suchascenariomightbringusclosertogether."Wecouldallbesittingatthebeach,nexttoeachother,unawarethatsubstitutesweredoingbusiness,”saysBoyd,"whilewedozethesand."41.A.gratefultoB.particularaboutC.independentofD.impatientwith42.A.bycontrastB.forexampleC.onaverageD.indetail43.A.functionedB.respondedC.defendedD.communicated44.A.presentB.beneficialC.sensibleD.available45.A.behaviorB.criticismC.personalityD.weirdness46.A.dailyB.normalC.mutualD.direct47.A.improvingB.developingC.maintainingD.eliminating48.A.resembleB.influenceC.investigateD.emphasize49.A.assistedB.populatedC.replacedD.conducted50.A.doubtsB.imaginesC.reflectsD.records51.A.relyonB.serveasC.waitforD.lookafter52.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.psychologicallyD.technologically53.A.similarB.terrifyingC.distinctD.avoidableA.inourpursuitB.onouraccountC.inouropinionD.onourbehalfA.otherwiseB.additionallyC.thoughD.respectivelySectionBDirectionsR:eadthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）BaekelandandHartmannreportthatthe"shortsleepers"hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,these"shortsleeps"appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformistintheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear"normal"or"acceptable"totheirfriendsandassociates.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,the“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic（疯人）.The"longsleepers"werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protecteditandwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesiredninehoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe"shortsleepers."Manyofthe"longsleepers"wereshy,anxious,introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑），passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselves（particularlyinsocialsituations）.Severalopenlystatethatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.Many“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat.sleepisawithdrawalfromtherealitysleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgementsleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogramsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles57.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflifeoftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleepdonotknowhowtorelaxproperlyaremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblemsWhensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmightappeardisturbedB.becomeenergeticC.feeldissatisfiedD.beextremelydepressedWhichofthefollowingNotincludedinthepassage?Ifonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryisweakened.Thesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesameasthoseshownbymanymentalpatients.Longandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep.Shortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest.(B)Manyquestionscanbeexpectedinadvanceandit'swisetohavesomewell-constructedanswersthatyoucantailormorecloselyontheday.It'ssensibletohaveanumberofkeyphrasestouse.Remembertoalwaystryandmakeyouranswerspositive.Q1:Tellmeaboutyourself.(Theinterviewerisreallysaying"Iwanttohearyoutalk.")A1:Thisisjusttogetthingsstarted,butitisaverycommonquestion.Writeascript,andpracticeitsothatitsoundsnatural.Spendamaximumoffourminutesdescribingyourqualifications,careerhistoryandyourrangeofskills.Emphasizethoseskillsthatarerelevanttothejobonoffer.Q2:Whathavebeenyourachievementstodate?(Theinterviewerissaying'Areyouanachiever?')A2:Again,thisisacommonquestion,sobeprepared.Selectanachievementthatisexperience-relatedandfairlyrecent.Identifyskillsyouusedinthisachievementandsaywhattheresultswere.Q3:Whatdoyoulikeaboutyourpresentjob?(Theinterviewerisreallytryingtofindoutwhetheryouwillenjoythethingsthenewjobhastooffer.)A3:Thisisastraightforwardquestion.Allyouhavetomakesureisthatyour'likes'correspondtotheskillsetc.requiredforthejobonoffer.Bepositive,describeyourjobasinterestinganddiverse(多样的),butdonotoverdoit.Afterall,youareleaving?Q4:Whatareyourstrengths?(Theinterviewersimplywantsastraightforwardanswerastowhatyouaregoodat.)A4:Thisistheonequestionthatyouaredefinitelygoingtoget,sothereisnoexcuseforbeingunprepared.Concentrateondiscussingyourmainstrengths.Listthreeorfourexplanationsofhowtheycouldbenefittheemployer.Strengthstoconsiderincludetechnicalproficiency;abilitytolearnquickly;determinationtosucceed;positiveattitude;yourabilitytorelatetopeopleandachieveacommongoal.Youmaybeaskedtogiveexamplesoftheabove,sobeprepared.Q5:Tellmeaboutthemostdifficultsituationyou'vehadtofaceandhowyouhandledit.(Theinterviewisreallytryingtofindoutyourdefinitionofdifficult'andwhetheryoucanshowalogicalapproachtoproblemsolvingusingyourinitiative.)A5:Thiscanbeatrap!Toavoidit,selectadifficultworksituationthatwasnotcausedbyyouandwhichcanbequicklyexplainedinafewsentences.Explainhowyoudefinedtheproblem,whattheoptionswere,whyyouselectedtheoneyoudidandwhattheoutcomewas.Alwaysendonapositivenote.Thepassageismainlyintendedto.highlighttheimportanceoflookingpositiveinaninterviewgivesuggestionsonhowtoanswerinterviewquestionsprovidesomesampleanswerstointerviewquestionsillustratehowtolookconfidentinaninterviewWhenaskedaboutwhatyouthinkofyourpresentjob,you'dbetter.talkaboutwhatyoudislikeaboutitcommentpositivelyonyourcolleaguesrelatedittothejobyouareapplyingforD.describehowinterestingitisasfaraspossibleIfaninterviewerwantstoknowwhetheryoucansolveaproblemproperly,whatwillheask?Tellmeaboutyourself.Tellmeaboutyourstrengths?Whathavebeenyourachievementstodate?Howdidyouhandlethemostdifficultsituation?(C)Backintherosymid-2000s,immigrantsweretoleratedandsometimesevenwelcomedinBritain.Timesweregood,andthosewhorushedinafterPolandjoinedtheEUin2004didwell.Butfiveyearsofeconomicdepressionhavehardenedattitudes.Pollssuggestthelocalsarenotgivingawarmwelcomejustasanewwaveofimmigrants,fromBulgariaandRomania,comestowardsthenation'sshores.Politiciansreflectthosefears.Yettheevidencesuggestsmoreimmigrationwouldbeaboost,notadrag.Britain's'nativepopulationisremarkablystable.Sincetheearly1990s0birthshavebeensosimilartodeathsandemigrationthattheheadcounthasbeenflat.Almostallofthecountry'spopulationgrowthisdowntoimmigration.Thenumberofnon-nativeslivinginBritainrosefrom4.8min1995to13.4min2011.Immigrantsmadeupaquarterofthecountry'spopulationin2015.ThemixedbackgroundofBritain'simmigrantshelpsexplaintheireffectonthelabourmarket.TheMigrationAdvisoryCommitteelookedacrossarangeofstatisticalstudies,thusdisagreeingwiththenotionthatalienspushdownwagesandliftunemployment.Thereislittleevidenceofarelationshipbetweenimmigrationandaveragewages.Immigrationdoes,however,seemtoemphasizeincomeinequalityinBritain.Newarrivalstendtohavehugelyvariableskills,fromsuccessfulprogrammerstomanuallabourers.Theymakewagescaleseemmoreunbalanced.Andtheperceptionpffiercecompetitionforlow-paidworkmaybedrivingpublicopinion.In2005YouGov,apollster,foundthat56%ofBritonssupportedthefreedomofEUcitizenstoliveandworkwheretheychose.Inthelatestpolljust38%did.Thisisnot,however,agoodreasontoblockimmigration,asboththeConservativeandLabourpartiespromisetodo.Otherfactorsaremoreimportantinpushingdownwagesinbasicjobs.Newtechnologyhasreducedtheneedforunskilledwork.Incomeinequalityisrisingacrosstheworld,notjustinBritain.Butimmigrationcanbepartofthesolutionjmmigrantsare,onaverage,bettereducatedthannatives,accordingtopaperbyChristianDustmann,aworldfamousscholar.ThismeansBritaingainsfromtheirskillswithouthavingtoinvestinschools,Andtheyhelpbalancethebooks（账簿）.Immigrantsaremuchlesslikelytoreceiveanykindofstatebenefits.ImmigrantsfromEuropeandthosewhoarrivedafter2000,whatevertheirorigin,areespeciallycheap.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?Britainusedtotolerateandwelcomeimmigrantsinthemid-2000s.Theevidencesuggestsmoreimmigrantswillslowdowntheeconomy.Politiciansfearthattherewillbehugenumberofnewimmigrants.LocalpeopleinBritainholdcoldattitudestowardsnewimmigrantsnow.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthordoesNOTindicate.ThreeoutoffourpeopleinBritainwerepossiblynon-nativesin2015.ImmigrationisthecontributingfactortothepopulationgrowthinBritain.Thereisnoobviouschangeinemigrationouttoothercountries.Birthanddeathrateshaveremainedatalmostequallevelsforalongtime.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?TheConservativeandLabourpartiesdon'twanttoblockimmigration.Thenotionthatimmigrantspushdownwagesandliftunemploymentisacceptable.Newtechnologyismoreimportantinlowerwagesandincomeinequality.Theharmfuleffectofimmigrationonlow-paidworkerschangedpublicopinion.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraphbysaying"Butimmigrationcanbepartofthesolution"?Immigrantsisasolutiontounemployment.Immigrantscan'treceiveanystatebenefits.ImmigrantsarethecheaplabourforBritain.Immigrantshavetoinvestinschooleducation.SectionCDirectionsR:eadthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Butpeopledon'talwayswanttoloadtheir"Yos"withmeaning.It'slikesaying:"Yc…amhere.Isanybodyoutthere?Manypeoplestillseetheappasajoke.Themeaningbehindasimple"Yo"couldbecomplicated.Whethertheappwillcontinuetoarousepopularityisstillamyth.Withasingletap,userscansendtheword"Yo"tooneanotherinavoicenotification-andnothingelse.SimpleAppSaysItAllinStyleAnappthatonlysendsasimplenotificationof"Yo"torecipientsthemostpopularappnowintheUS.Theapp,namedYo,reachedNheAppleAppStoreintheUSinacertainweek,afterTheFinancialTimesbrokethestorylaterthattheapphasreceived$1millionininvestmentfunding.CreatedinjusteighthoursbyOrArbel,a32-year-oldappdeveloperfromIsrael,Yoclaimstobethe"simplestandmostefficientcommunicationtoolintheworld".67..ArbelwasenthusiasticabouthisappinaninterviewwithTheNewYorker,"It'sawholenewwayforcommunication.Youdon'thavetoopenamessage."WhenYowaslaunched,theAppleAppStoredecidedtorejectitbecauseitlackedsubstance.68.Sometechnologyexperts,likePollyMosendzfromTheWire,pointsoutthatthewayasimpleapplikeYogotmillionsinfundingsaysmuchaboutthecomingburstofthetechbubble.ArbelcallsYo"context-basedcommunication"andsomepeoplearebeginningto"getit".JordanCrook,fromTechCrunch,explainswhythecontextof"Yo"saysmuchmorethantwolittleletters:"Aswithanything,a"Yo"canjustbea"Yo".Butyou'llfeelrealdifferencesbetweena"Yo"inthemorningfromafriendanda"Yo"at2a.m.fromaclosefriend.That'sthemagic.69.DavidShapiro,fromTheNewYorker,sayswhenhethinksaboutsomeone,hejust"Yos"theminsteadofspendingtimestartingandcarryingonaconversation.Notrespondingtotextmessagesande-mailscanhurtrelationships.But,a"Yo"doesn'tseemtodemandareply."Whatarelief,"Shapirosays.AndrewLeonard,fromTheSalon,says"Yo"alsosignifiessomethingdeeper.It“expressesourmostessentialhumanity”.Hesaystheutteranceoftheword"Yo"is"adeclaration,first,thatIexistinthisworld,andsecond,thatIseekconnectionandcommunitywithsomethingoutsidemyself."70..SummaryWritingDirectionsR:eadthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HarmfulEffectsofVideoGamesItisnoexaggerationtosaythattherateofviolenceandaggressionamon