2017年职称英语《综合类》阅读判断预测试题(二)

2017年职称英语《综合类》阅读判断预测试题(2)PlantsandMankindBotany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Wedon'tknowwhatourStoneAge1ancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient2.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes3,medicines,shelter,andmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazon4recognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof"knowledge"atall.iUnfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledges,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid6.WhenourNeolithic7ancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway8.词汇：botany['b?t?ni]n.植物学yield[ji:ld]n.产量，收益detailed['di:teild]adj.详细的，详尽的marvel['ma:v?l]n.令人惊奇的事（人），奇迹property['pr?p?ti]n.（1）特征（2）财产，资产logical['l?d?ik?l]adj.逻辑的，合乎逻辑的variety[v?'rai?ti]n.（1）品种，变种（2）变化，多样化pyramid['pir?mid]n.金字塔职称英语考试welfare['welfe?]n.福利，幸福，康乐accumulate[?'kju:mjuleit]vt.积累，积聚intimacy['intim?si]n.亲近，亲密注释：StoneAge:石器时代…adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient:对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。dye:染料theAmazon:亚马孙河Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge…而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识，comeon:（偶然）遇见;（偶然）发现。又如：Icameonthisideabypurechance.我有这个想法纯偶然。orchid:兰花Neolithic:新石器时代Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway:从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的几种植物的种植中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。taketheirlivingfrom…:靠……过活。Itislogicalthatadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.（一段）RightWrongNotmentionedPeoplecannotsurvivewithoutplants.（一段）RightWrongNotmentionedTribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonteachbotanytotheirchildrenatschool.（一段）RightWrongNotmentionedOurdirectcontactwithplantsgrowswiththeprocessofindustrialization.（二段）RightWrongNotmentionedTodaypeopleusuallyacquirealargeamountofbotanicalknowledgefromtextbooks.RightWrongNotmentionedPeoplelivingintheMiddleEastfirstlearnedtogrowplantsforfoodabout10,000yearsago.（二段）RightWrongNotmentionedOncemankindbeganfarming,theynolongerhadtogetfoodfrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild.（二段）RightWrongNotmentioned答案及题解：A文章第一段第三句话中的指示词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即“关于植物及其特点的详细知识一定由来已久”A第二段降到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等生活必需品。B第一段结尾部分提到现今仍生活在亚马孙丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特性，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。B第二段第一句话说工业化的程