【KS5U解析】江苏省连云港市老六所四星高中2020届高三下学期模拟英语试题 Word版含解析

2020年普通高等学校招生全国卷统一考试江苏高考模拟卷英语试题第一节：听力（共两节，满分20份）略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.a.which b.what c.when d.that【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为anage（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选c。2.—canwemakeittotheconcertwithsuchheavytraffic?—absolutelynot.thepianist_______forabouthalfanhourwhenwearrive.a.willbeplaying b.hasplayed c.willhaveplayed d.hasbeenplaying【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——交通这么拥挤，我们能赶到音乐会吗？——当然赶不上了。我们到达时，钢琴师已经演奏了大约半个小时了。根据canwemakeittotheconcertwithsuchheavytraffic?及forabouthalfanhourwhenwearrive.可知，此处描述将来完成的动作，应使用将来完成时。故选c。3.thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatients________theyneedmedicalassistance.a.ifonly b.asif c.eventhough d.incase【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。a.ifonly要是……多好；b.asif好像，仿佛；c.eventhough即使，尽管；d.incase以备，以防，免得。故选d符合语境。4.whenyou'reoldandlookingbackonyourlife,willyoubecontentwiththewaythings?a.stickout b.breakout c.runout d.turnout【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你老了回首你的人生，你会对事情的结果感到满意吗?a.stickout坚持；b.breakout爆发；c.runout用完，耗尽；d.turnout结果是。根据上文“you’reoldandlookingbackonyourlife”可知，老了回首人生时，是对做过的事情的结果感到满意。故选d。5.bobmadeapromisetothemanager________theworkwouldallbefinishedontime.a.that b.whatc.which d.whether【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句意思、成分完整，从句解释promise的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故用连接词that，a项正确。6.【2018·江苏】trytounderstandwhat’sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe_______you’vemade.a.assignment b.associationc.acquisition d.assumption【答案】d【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。a.assignment分配；b.association协会，社团；c.acquisition获得物；d.assumption假设。故选d。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actuallyhappening（实际发生）和insteadof（而不是）可推知，与actuallyhappening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。7.thedoctoralwaysseemsenergeticandhehasevenmanagedtopursuehisdiverseinterests_____hisfast-movingcareer.a.inrecognitionof b.inparallelwith c.intermsof d.incontrastwith【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个医生似乎总是那么精力充沛，他甚至能在事业快速发展的同时追求着自己广泛的兴趣爱好。a.inrecognitionof承认；b.inparallelwith和……同时，和……一起；c.intermsof就……而言；d.incontrastwith与……相比。“hisdiverseinterests”和“hisfast-movingcareer”表并列，所以用inparallelwith。故选b。8.onlyfiveyearsafterstevejobs’death,smart-phonesdefeated_________pcsinsales.a.controversial b.contradictoryc.confidential d.conventional【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机在销售中击败了传统的个人电脑。a．controversial有争议的；b．contradictory矛盾的；c．confidential机密的；d．conventional传统的。根据常识可知，个人电脑是传统事物，智能手机是新兴事物，故选d。9.----sojackfailedtobeadmittedbyhisdreamuniversityandisfeelingquitedepressedthesedays.----itserveshimright.i____himmorethanoncetotakehisstudyseriously.a.reminded b.haveremindedc.havebeenreminding d.hadreminded【答案】d【解析】考查时态。上句：所以杰克没有被他梦想中的大学录取，感觉很沮丧。下句：他活该，我不止一次提醒他认真对待他的学习。此空的动作指的是“过去的过去”所以用过去完成时态，故选d。10.ourschooloftenorganizesvariousafter-schoolactivities,_____ourstresstosomedegree.a.torelieve b.relieved c.havingrelieved d.relieving【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校经常组织各种各样的课外活动，在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。分析句子可知，relieve用非谓语动词形式，variousafter-schoolactivities与relieve是逻辑主谓关系，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词。故选d。11.whatapity!youmissedthesightseeing,orwe________agoodtimetogether.a.had b.willhave c.wouldhavehad d.hadhad【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：if+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他，故选c。12.china’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries________itsroleininternationalaffairs.a.recognizing b.beingrecognized c.toberecognized d.recognized【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选a。13.thepublicationofgreatexpectations,which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengtheneddickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.a.is b.arec.was d.were【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬，加强了狄更斯作为一名主要小说家的地位。先行词thepublicationofgreatexpectations在定语从句中作主语，是单数概念，根据主谓一致的原则，所以谓语动词用单数，再根据主句谓语动词reviewed是一般过去时可知，应选c项。14.thesilvermoonwashighoverhead,andtherewasagentlebreezedownthevalley.a.playing b.toplay c.played d.havingplayed【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：银色的月亮高高挂在头上，风吹过山谷。分析句子结构可知，and后的句子是therewas句型，谓语动词是was，play在句中做定语，修饰breeze，与逻辑主语breeze构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故选a。【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。15.—goingtowatchthewomen’svolleyballmatchonwednesday?—________!willyougowithme?a.youthere b.youbetc.yougotme d.youknowbetter【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——星期三去看女子排球比赛吗？——当然！你能同我一起去吗？a.youthere你在哪儿；b.youbet当然，肯定地；c.yougotme你难住我了；d.youknowbetter你更清楚。根据空后willyougowithme?可知，后者同意前者的提议。故选b。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。atthemid-mayin2018,the69year-oldamputee(被截肢者)xiaboyufinallystoodproudontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofmountqomolangma,asymbolshowcasingtotheworldthepowerof___16___.morethan40yearsago,xia___17___bothofhisfeettofrostbiteafterlendinghissleepingbagtoateammemberduringthetriptoclimbmountqomolangma.eventhoughartificiallegswerenot___18___inchinaatthetime,xiastrongly___19___thathewouldonedayfulfillhis___20___dreamandso,beforethatdaycame,thebestthingtodowasto___21___himselfbytrainingconstantly.threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs,whichenabledhimto____22____hissportscareer.however,fateonceagaintooka___23___turnwhenhewasinhis40s.in1993,illnessdevelopedonthestumps(残肢)onhislegs,whichrequired___24___thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated.threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.overtheyears,xianevergaveuphisdreamofclimbingmountqomolangma.______25______tohisfinalsuccessfulclimbin2018,hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit,buteachtimeladyluckgavehimthe______26______.thelasttimehe______27______hisdreamwasin2016.thethen67-year-oldwasonly94metersfromthesummit,butasnowstorm______28______hisway.takinghisteammembers’______29______intoconsideration,xiamadethe______30______decisiontogoback.onmay14,xiafelt______31______andastrongsenseoffulfillment______32______inhim,standingonthepeakofthehighestmountainintheworld.thekeyistofocusonyourdreams,insteadofthe______33______youencounteralongtheway.ididn’tregretanythingthatihaddoneandacceptedeverythingthatlifehad______34______me,butineverstoppedfightingagainst______35______,”xiasaid,stressingthatfulfillingone’sdreamhasnothingtodowithage,disabilityorthethoughtsorexpectationsofothers,butafirmbeliefinyourself.16.a.strength b.dream c.confidence d.mind17.a.cost b.gave c.lost d.paid18.a.affordable b.acceptable c.available d.reachable19.a.confirmed b.assured c.hoped d.believed20.a.unfinished b.unchallenged c.unsolved d.unreached21.a.pressure b.present c.preserve d.prepare22.a.take b.begin c.complete d.continue23.a.sudden b.sharp c.dark d.good24.a.one b.another c.theother d.other25.a.previous b.contrary c.back d.similar26.a.toughnut b.redcarpet c.coldshoulder d.laststraw27.a.puteffortinto b.devotedhimselfto c.gotcloseto d.threwhimselfinto28.a.blanketed b.blocked c.bathed d.smoothed29.a.honour b.safety c.credit d.struggle30.a.final b.disappointing c.wise d.heartbreaking31.a.tiredness b.relief c.pain d.1oneliness32.a.welledup b.showedup c.cameup d.sprangup33.a.distrust b.doubt c.hardships d.criticism34.a.thrownat b.providedfor c.arrangedfor d.distributedto35.a.challenges b.fear c.fate d.misbelief【答案】16.b17.c18.c19.d20.a21.d22.d23.c24.b25.a26.c27.c28.b29.b30.d31.b32.a33.c34.a35.c【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了夏伯宇不断尝试登上珠穆朗玛峰的经历。终于在2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯宇用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，向世界展示了梦想的力量。这告诉我们：实现梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，只与自己坚定的信念有关。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年5月中旬，69岁的截肢者夏伯玉终于用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰上，向世界展示了梦想的力量。a.strength力量，长处；b.dream梦想；c.confidence自信；d.mind照顾，介意。根据the69year-oldamputeexiaboyufinallystoodproudontwoartificiallegsonthepeakofmountqomolangma可知此处表示梦想的力量。故选b。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：40多年前，在攀登珠穆朗玛峰的过程中，夏把睡袋借给队友，结果双脚被冻伤，失去了双脚。a.cost花费，付出；b.gave给予；c.lost失去。遗失；d.paid支付。根据stoodproudontwoartificiallegs可知此处表示失去了双腿。故选c。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。a.affordable负担得起的；b.acceptable可接受的；c.available可获得的，可找到的；d.reachable可获得的，可达成的。根据下文threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs可知那时还没有假肢。故选c。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。a.confirmed确认，坚定；b.assured弄清，确信；c.hoped希望；d.believed相信。根据oneday可知此处表示他坚信那一天会到来。故选d。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。a.unfinished未完成的；b.unchallenged不成问题的；c.unsolved未解决的，未解答的；d.unreached未达到的。根据beforethatdaycame可知此处表示未完成的梦想。故选a。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时中国还没有假肢，但夏坚信总有一天他会实现自己未完成的梦想，所以在那一天到来之前，最好的办法就是通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。a.pressure压力，压迫；b.present现在，目前；c.preserve保护区；d.prepare准备。根据bytrainingconstantly可知此处表示他通过不断的训练来为自己做准备。故选d。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三年后，他终于有了新的双腿，这使他能够继续他的运动生涯。a.take拿，采取。接受；b.begin开始，首先；c.complete完成；d.continue继续。根据threeyearslaterhefinallygothisnewlegs可知此处表示他能够继续他的运动生涯。故选d。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他40多岁的时候，命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。a.sudden突然的，意外的；b.sharp急剧的；c.dark黑暗的，模糊的；d.good好的。根据下文threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选c。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1993年，他腿上的残肢开始发病，又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。a.one唯一的；b.another不同的，类似的；c.theother另一个的；d.other其他的，另外的。根据thirdofhislowerlegsbeamputated可知此处表示又有三分之一的小腿被截肢。故选b。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。a.previous以前的，早先的；b.contrary相反的；c.back后面的，过去的；d.similar相似的。根据hehadtriedfourothertimestoclimbtothesummit可知表示在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前。故选a。【26题详解】考查情景交际。句意：在2018年最后一次成功登顶之前，他曾尝试过另外四次登顶，但每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。a.toughnut大胆果断的人，暴躁的人；b.redcarpet红地毯；c.coldshoulder冷遇，闭门羹；d.laststraw最后一根稻草，最后一击。根据转折词but可知此处表示每次都遭到了幸运女神的冷遇。故选c。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他最后一次接近自己的梦想是在2016年。a.puteffortinto把精力花费在；b.devotedhimselfto致力于，献身于；c.gotcloseto接近于，靠近；d.threwhimselfinto积极从事。根据下文thethen67-year-oldwasonly94metersfromthesummit可知此处表示2016年是他最后一次接近自己的梦想。故选c。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时67岁的他距离峰顶只有94米，但是一场暴风雪挡住了他的去路。a.blanketed覆盖，遮掩；b.blocked阻塞；c.bathed沐浴；d.smoothed使顺利，缓和。根据butasnowstorm可知此处表示暴风雪挡住了他的去路。故选b。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。a.honour尊敬；b.safety安全；c.credit信用，信誉；d.struggle斗争，冲突。根据上文asnowstorm可知此处表示考虑到队员的安全。故选b。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到队员的安全，夏做出了令人心碎的决定，回去。a.final最终的，决定性的；b.disappointing令人失望的；c.wise明智的，聪明的；d.heartbreaking令人心碎的。根据decisiontogoback可知这个决定是令他心碎的。故选d。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界最高峰的山顶上，夏如释重负，一种强烈的成就感油然而生。a.tiredness疲劳，疲倦；b.relief解除，减轻；c.pain疼痛；d.loneliness孤独。根据standingonthepeakofthehighestmountainintheworld可知此处表示此时他如释重负。故选b。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：5月14日，站在世界最高峰的山顶上，夏如释重负，一种强烈的成就感油然而生。a.welledup涌现，流露，萌发；b.showedup露面，露出，揭露；c.cameup走近，发生，开始，上升，发芽，被提出；d.sprangup出现，涌现，萌芽。根据astrongsenseoffulfillment可知此处表示一种强烈的成就感涌现出来了。故选a。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是要专注于你的梦想，而不是你一路上遇到的困难。a.distrust不信任；b.doubt怀疑；c.hardships艰难；d.criticism苛求，批评。根据insteadof和youencounteralongtheway可知此处表示一路上遇到的困难。故选c。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停止过反抗命运”，夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。a.thrownat扔向，掷向，向…投去；b.providedfor供养，供给，规定，为…作准备；c.arrangedfor为…作安排，为…作准备；d.distributedto分配给，分发给。根据acceptedeverything可知此处接受生活扔向我的一切。表示故选a。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不后悔我所做的东西，接受生活扔向我的一切，但我从未停止过反抗命运，”夏说，强调实现一个人的梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，但与自己坚定的信念有关。a.challenges挑战；b.fear害怕；c.fate命运；d.misbelief错误的信仰。根据fightingagainst可知此处表示与命运作斗争，反抗命运。故选c。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第2小题要求判断他的双腿怎么了，根据stoodproudontwoartificiallegs可知此处表示他失去了双腿。故选c项。第8小题要求判断命运发生了什么转折，根据下文threeyearsafterthat,hewasdiagnosedwithlymphcancer.可知此处表示命运再次发生了黑暗的转折。故选c项。第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athanksforyourinterestinvisitingthelosangeleszoowithyourschoolgroup!pleasereadthefollowinginformationbeforebookingyourfieldtrip.requirementsspecialdiscountedadmissionpricesareavailablewithadvancereservationsonlyforcaliforniaschoolgroups,short-termedascsg,(registeredwiththecaliforniadepartmentofeducation).theycanenjoy10%off.pleasenote:reservationblackoutdates(限制日期)mayapplytoallgroupsatcertaintimesoftheyear(e.g.holidaysandspringbreak).ifyourgroupcomesonablackoutdateorhasnotmadethenecessaryreservationsbeforearrivingatthezoo,yourgroupwillbechargedtheregularadmissionfees.docent(讲解员)-guidedtoursourdocentguidesleadeducationalwalkingtoursforstudentsandtheirteachers,beginningatfirstgrade.alimitednumberofdocent-guidedtoursareavailable.thereisnoadditionalfeeforadocent-guidedtour,butyoumustbookyourtouratleasttwoweeksinadvance.donotassumeyouhaveaguidedtourbookeduntilyouhavereceivedaconfirmationnumberandpacketfromthelosangeleszoo.onthedayofyourfieldtrip,yourgroupwillneedtoarriveatleast30minutesbeforetheconfirmedstarttimeofyourtourtocheckin.makesuretotellzoostaffuponyourarrivalthatyourgrouphasadocent-guidedtour.ifyouaremorethan15minuteslateforyourtour,itmaybecanceled.maximumnumber:150participantsages:k-12regularpricing:$5perstudent,1teacherper10studentsisincluded,$5peradditionalteacher36.howmuchshouldbepaidifacaliforniaschoolgroupwith2teachersand13studentshasmadeanearlybookingforthezoo?a.$63. b.$67.5. c.$70. d.$75.37.fromtheaboveinformation,wecanlearnthat_________.a.californiagroupshaveaccesstospecialdiscountedpricesballgroupsmayhavetopayregularpricesinspringbreakc.additionalfeesforadocent-guidedtourwillbechainedd.afieldgroupmustarrivehalfanhourearliertocheckin【答案】36.a37.b【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了学校团体参观洛杉矶动物园的一些要求和注意事项。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据regularpricing:$5perstudent,1teacherper10studentsisincluded,$5peradditionalteacher(常规定价：每位学生5美元，每10名学生有1名教师免费，每增加一名教师5美元)可知，如果一个有2名教师和13名学生的加州学校团体提前预订了动物园，应该支付13×5+5=70美元；结合requirements部分中theycanenjoy10%off.(他们可以享受九折优惠)可知，70×90%=63美元。故选a。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据pleasenote部分reservationblackoutdatesmayapplytoallgroupsatcertaintimesoftheyear(e.g.holidaysandspringbreak).ifyourgroupcomesonablackoutdateorhasnotmadethenecessaryreservationsbeforearrivingatthezoo,yourgroupwillbechargedtheregularadmissionfees.(一年中某些时段(如假期及春假)，预定管制日期对于所有团体都可能适用。如果您的团队在截止日期到来，或者在到达动物园之前没有进行必要的预订，您的团队将被收取正常的入场费)可知，在春假期间，所有的团体可能都要支付正常的价格，不按预定的价格走。故选b。【点睛】数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。如第一小题，根据regularpricing:$5perstudent,1teacherper10studentsisincluded,$5peradditionalteacher（常规定价：每位学生5美元，每10名学生有1名教师免费，每增加一名教师5美元）可知如果一个有2名教师和13名学生的加州学校团体提前预订了动物园，应该支付13×5+5=70美元；结合requirements部分中theycanenjoy10%off.（他们可以享受九折优惠）可知，70×90%=63美元。故选a。binthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofyellowstonenationalpark,bobchristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.ithadbeenknownforalongtimethatyellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.butchristiansencouldn’tfindtheyellowstonevolcanoanywhere.mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofafujiorkilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.thesecanformremarkablyquickly.in1943,amexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.altogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonearth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butchristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.justatthistimenasadecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofyellowstone.athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.assoonaschristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.atsometimeinthepastyellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.38.whatpuzzledchristiansenwhenhewasstudyingyellowstone?a.itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.b.itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.c.themysterioushistoryofthepark.d.theexactlocationofthevolcano.39.whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?a.theshapesofvolcanoes.b.theimpactsofvolcanoes.c.theactivitiesofvolcanoes.d.theheightsofvolcanoes.40.whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?a.hot-airballoon. b.digitalcamera.c.bigphotograph. d.bird’sview.【答案】38.d39.a40.c【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了二十世纪六十年代bobchristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句butchristiansencouldn’tfindtheyellowstonevolcanoanywhere.可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园找不到火山。故选d。【39题详解】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选a。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句justatthistimenasadecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofyellowstone.athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。根据常识可知，游客中心的照片一般都很大，以吸引游客的注意，故此处意为“将照片放大”，选c。cwhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.however,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.thefascinationwiththeict(informationandcommunicationtechnology)revolution,representedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages,iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.however,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.41.misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.a.alackofconfidenceintechnologyb.aslowprogressintechnologyc.aconflictofpublicopinionsd.awasteoflimitedresources42.theexampleinparagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.a.takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountb.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeoplec.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportd.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities43.whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?a.neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.b.believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.c.ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.dover-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.44.whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?a.peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.b.traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.c.makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.d.economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.【答案】41.d42.a43.b44.b【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了对信息技术的过分迷恋会对国家，对个人，对慈善事业造成不利的影响。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段however,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选d。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages,iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选a。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界，正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选b。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段thefascinationwiththeict(informationandcommunicationtechnology)revolution,representedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，他们认为制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故推知传统的技术依然有它的地位，新兴的信息技术不能取代它们，故选b。doldproblem，newapproacheswhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife，globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterco2emissions(排放)peak.soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday，wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.hereiwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.whenitcomestoadaptation，itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard，buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.thisiswhy,inpartatleast，theusnationalclimateassessmentsaysthat：“thereisno‘one­sizefitsall’adaptation.”nevertheless，therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways，especiallyinsomepoorcountries.floodshavebecomemoredamaginginbangladeshinrecentdecades.mohammedrezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.hisnot­for­profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries，schools，andhealthclinics，andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.elsewhereinasiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.chewangnorphellivesinamountainousregioninindia,whereheisknownastheiceman.thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200，000m3ofwater.climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,sonorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever.warmingwillovertakethem.butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.increasingearth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.insouthernspainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.whilespainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.inperu,localfarmersaro