新世纪大学英语综合教程第二版第一册教程

新世纪大学英语综合教程第二版第一册教程ElectronicTeachingBookOne

UnitOne:CollegeLifePartIGetStartedSectionADiscussionSitingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Youmayhaveimaginedwhatcollegelifewouldbelikebeforeyoubecameacollegestudent.Hasitturnedouttobewhatyouexpected?Provideexamplesinsupportofyouranswers.Wheneveryouthinkaboutcollegelife,whataresomeofthethingsthatcometomind?Followingtheexamplesgiven,makealistofsuchthingsinthefollowingtable.Shareyouranswerswithyourgroupmembersandcommentoneachoftheitemsyouhavelistedasyougoalong.CollegeCollegeLifeassignmentsdeadlines…Howdoyoulikeyourcollegelifesofar?Giveexamples.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthingtoachieveatcollege?Explain.Answersforreference:1.Possiblepositivecommentsoncollegelifemayincludethefollowing:academicatmosphere,goodstudentaccommodations,modernfacilitiesforteachingandresearch,qualifiedprofessors,niceclassmates,etc.Possiblenegativecommentsoncollegelifemayincludethefollowing:hardtogetadjustedtothenewenvironment,academicpressure,homesickness,problemsininterpersonalrelationships,poorfood,etc.CollegeCollegeLifeassignmentsdeadlinestuitionprojectsfriendshiproommatesteststeachersclassmatesgraduationgradesacademicpressurePossibleexamplesare:carefreeandcolorfullife,academicenvironment,friendship,adoorleadingtotheoutsideworld,etc.However,collegelifemayalsobeboringforsomestudents,becausemostoftheirtimeisspentonstudy,andtheyarefarawayfromhome,etc.Possibleanswersare:academicexcellence,developingcommunicativeskillsandinterpersonalrelationshipsSectionBQuotes▇Studythefollowingquotesabouteducationandseeifyouaccepttheideasexpressedinquotes.RalphWaldoEmersonThethingstaughtinschoolsandcollegesarenotaneducation,butthemeanstoaneducation.—RalphWaldoEmersonInterpretation:Wedon’tgotoschoolorcollegetolearn,buttoseekthewaytolearn.AboutR.W.Emerson(1803–1882):R.W.Emerson,aUSpoetandwriterwhohadgreatinfluenceonthereligiousandphilosophicalthoughtofhistime.W.B.YeatsEducationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingofafire.Interpretation:

W.B.YeatsInsteadofstuffingstudentswithknowledge,realeducationaimsatbringingoutwhatisinsidestudentsandcultivatingtheirpotential.AboutW.B.Yeats(1865–1939):W.B.Yeats,anIrishwriterofpoemsandplays,whoseearlyworkisoftenbasedonoldIrishstories.HeisconsideredoneofthemostimportantIrishwriters,andhewontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1923.GalileoYoucannotteachamananything;youcanonlyhelphimfinditwithinhimself.—GalileoInterpretation:Teachingdoesn’treallyhelpanyone,butithelpsapersonfindoutwhathe/sheisgoodat.AboutGalileo(1564–1642)GalileoanItalianastronomer,mathematicianandphysicistwhosemanydiscoverieshadagreatinfluenceonmodernscienceHediscoveredmountainsandcraters(onthesurfaceoftheMoonandhisstudyofthechangesintheappearanceofVenusprovedthatitwasmovingaroundtheSunHealsodiscoveredthatifyoudropobjectsofdifferentweightsfromahighplace,theyfallatthesamespeed.HewaspunishedbytheinquisitionbecausehebelievedthattheSunnottheEarthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.SectionCWatchingandDiscussion▇Watchthefollowingvideoclip“HowtoSelectYourCollegemajor”anddothetasksthatfollow:插入视频片段：“HowtoSelect.wmv”Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtowhatyouhearfromthevideoclip.Hi,thisisLauraTurner,andtodayI’mgoingtotalktoyouabouthowtoselectyourcollegemajor.Iwouldliketotellyouthatifyouselectsomethingthatyouloveandthatyou’repassionateabout,everything’sgoingtobefineandyou’regoingtogetagreatjobwithyourdegree,butofcoursethisisnotcompletelytrue.However,whenyou’regoingtocollege,yourprimaryreasonforgoingtocollegeistoeducateyourself,whichmeanstomakeyourselfabetterpersonbothintellectually,spiritually,mentally,allofthesethings.Discussthetopicwithyourgroupmembers:WhataretherecommendedconcernsinselectingacollegemajoraccordingtothevideoAndhowdidyouchooseyourcurrentmajor?▇Answersforreference:Accordingtothevideoclip,themainconcernsshouldbe:first,tochoosesomethingyoureallyenjoy;second,tochoosesomethingyourschooliswellknownfor.Script:Hi,thisisLauraTurner,andtodayI’mgoingtotalktoyouabouthowtoselectyourcollegemajor.Iwouldliketotellyouthatifyouselectsomethingthatyouloveandthatyou’repassionateabout,everything’sgoingtobefineandyou’regoingtoagreatjobwithyourdegree,butofcoursethisisnotcompletelytrue.However,whenyou’regoingtocollege,yourprimaryreasonforgoingtocollegeistoeducateyourself,whichmeanstomakeyourselfabetterpersonbothintellectually,spiritually,mentally,allofthesethings.So,wheneveryouchooseyourmajor,Iwouldsayyes,dochoosesomethingthatyouenjoy,becausereallyifyouarejustinittogetadegreethatwillgetyouahigh-payingjobandyou’renotreallypassionateaboutthisandyouwanttobeanEngineeringMajorjustbecauseyouknowthat’sgoingtomakeyouintoahighearningperson,thatmaybethewrongreasontostudyitbecauseyou’regoingtogetoverwhelmedovertimebecauseadegreetakes,it’sfouryearsoutofyourlifethatyou’regoingtobestudyingthisthing.Therehastobesomethingbeyondmoney,andbeyondthejobthat’sgoingtokeepyouinterested.SoIwouldsuggestpickingsomethingthatyouloveaswellas,hopefully,itwillbesomethingthatwillgetyouajob.Also,myotherpointis,picksomethingthatyourschooliswellknownfor,somethinginyourschool,themajorinyourschoolthatactuallyhasreallygreatprofessorstoteachyou.IfyouhaveagreatEnglishDepartment,ifyouhaveagreatHistoryDepartment,andyou’repassionateaboutthosethings,studywithprofessorswhoaregreatandtheycanhelpturnalittlebitofinterestinasubjectmatterintoalifelongloveofit.Sogoodluckwithchoosingyourmajorwisely.PartIIListenandRespondSectionAWordBankfreshmann. infmlastudentinthefirstyearatcollegeor〖非正式〗大学一年级新生ingeneral forthemostpartcommonlyusually一般说来anticipationn. thefeelingonehaswhenexpectingsomethingpleasanttohappen期望；预期discovery nafactorthingthathasbeendiscovered被发现的事实、事物definitelyad.withoutdoubt;clearly无疑地，确实地impressionn.[(on)]animageoreffectthatisproducedinthemindbyaperson,event,experience,etc.[常与on连用][人、事件、经历等留下的]印象；感想headoffmovetowards;goto朝……前进，向……去relateda. [(toconnectedinsomeway[to连用有关系的workloadn. theamountofworkthatapersonormachineisexpectedtodoinaparticularperiodoftime人或机器在一定时期的工作量，工作负担challenge n. (somethingwiththequalityofdemandingcompetitiveaction,interest,orthought挑战性；具有挑战性的事物amount nofacollectionormassconsideredasaunitintermsofitssizenumber,etcof连用总数，数额，数量deadline nadateortimebeforewhichsomethingmustbedoneorcompleted截止日期；最后期限frustrationn. thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upsetorimpatient沮丧；失望previousa.happeningorexistingbeforetheonementioned在先的，在前的，以前的patiencen. [U]theabilitytoacceptpain,trouble,anythingthatcausesannoyance,withoutcomplainingorlosingone’s忍痛的能力，忍受力，耐性diverse adifferent(fromeachother)showingvariety各不相同的，各种各样的relationship n. [(between,withafriendshiporconnectionbetweenpeople[常与betweenwith]友谊；关系sotospeakasonemightsay可谓，可以说，简直是y . ]常与r责任（心；责任感，可信赖性anticipatevt.thinklikelytohappen,expect预期，期望mission n.theparticularworkwhichonebelievesitisone’sdutytodo职责；使命inspiring a.thatgivesonetheurgeorabilitytodogreatthings激励人心的；启发灵感的careern.ajoborprofessionforwhichoneistrainedandwhichoneintendstofollowforpartorthewholeofone’slife职业；一生的事业SectionB TaskOne:FocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.Inthismonologuethespeakermainlytalksabout .storiesaboutcollegelifethelifeofcollegefreshmencarefreelifeofcollegestudentsdifferencesbetweencollegeandhighschoolAccordingtothespeaker,thefreshmanexperiencewill .enablestudentstofindtruefriendshipleaveadeepimpressiononeverystudentdecidewhatastudentcandointhefutureteachstudentstheimportanceofresponsibilityKey:Key:1)B) 2)C)Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethereachofthemistrueorfalsebasedontheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.WriteTforTrueandFforFalseinthegivenbeforeeachstatement. Freshmanexperienceisanunforgettableexperiencetocollegestudents. Studentswillfeeljustascomfortableintheirfirstyearatcollegeasintheirpreviousyearswhentheywereinhighschoolorbackathome. Studentsareabletofindverygoodfriendsatcollege. Learningtoberesponsibleforoneselfatcollegeisveryimportant. Freshmenshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeirfuturecareers.Key:TFTTFSectionCTaskTwo:ZoominginontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Thefreshmanyearatcollegeis,generallyspeaking,atimefilledwith ,anxiety,and .Theworkloadwillbe andthemajorchallengesofcollegeworkarealargeamountof andtheshort .CollegeFriendshipwillbeamongthe and ofone’slife.It’salwaysexcitingtodiscoverhow collegerelationshipscanbe.Studentsshouldrememberthattheyareatcollegewithan :theyshouldn’twastetimeon .Goingtocollegeisnotjusttogetadegree:itistofindout and .Answersforreference:Thefreshmanyearatcollegeis,generallyspeaking,atimefilledwithanticipation,someanxiety,andwonderfuldiscoveries.Theworkloadwillbeheavierandthemajorchallengesofcollegeworkarealargeamountofreadingandwritingandtheshortdeadlines.Collegefriendshipwillbeamongthemostsatisfyingandlong-termofone’slife.It’salwaysexcitingtodiscoverhowwonderfullydiversecollegerelationshipscanbe.Studentsshouldrememberthattheyareatcollegewithananticipatedmission;theyshouldn’twastetimeonmeaninglessthings.Goingtocollegeisnotjusttogetadegree;itistofindout whoyouareandwhatyouarereallymadeScript:Iamnowafourth-yearstudentatcollege,butIcanneverforgetmyfreshmanyearhere.Ingeneral,itisatimefilledwithanticipation,someanxiety,andwonderfuldiscoveries.Collegeisalotdifferentfromhighschool.Yourfreshmanexperiencewilldefinitelymakeanimpressiononyou.So,whatcanyouexpectasyouheadoffintothewonderfulworldofhighereducation?Thefirstthingyou’llnoticeistheworkload.Itwillbeheavierthanyoueverexperiencedbefore.Themajorchallengesofcollegeworkarethelargeamountofreadingandwriting,andtheshortdeadlines.Arelatedeffectthatcanbebroughtonbytheworkloadisdoubt,frustration,andpossiblyloneliness.You’llbeawayfromthecomfortsandfriendshipsyourhomeprovidedforyouoverthepreviousyears.Duringthefreshmanyear,you’llbemakingalotofnewfriends.Butyoushouldcontinuetobeyourself.Selectyourfriendswiththesamecareandpatienceyouhavealwaysshown.Believeitornot,yourcollegefriendshipswillbeamongthemostsatisfyingandofyourlife.It’salwaysexcitingtodiscoverhowwonderfullydiversecollegerelationshipscanbe.You’llalsobeonyourown—you’llbeyourownboss24hoursaday,sotospeak.But,remember,withfreedomcomesresponsibility.Youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouareatcollegewithananticipatedmission.Don’twasteyourtimeonmeaninglessthings.Duringthefreshmanyear,youmayevenstartthinkingaboutyourfuture.Maybeacertainprofessorisespeciallyinspiring.Perhapsyourschoolhassomegreatresearchgoingon.Ifsomeareaofstudyattractsyou,findoutallyoucanaboutit.Itmightbethebeginningofyourlifetimecareer.Goingtocollegeisnotjusttogetadegree—itistofindoutwhoyoureallyareandwhatyouarereallymadefor.PartIIIReadandExploreTextASectionA DiscoveringtheMainIdeasExercise1.Writedownthemainideaofthefollowingparagraphsinthespaceprovided.Para2: .Para3: .Para4: .Para5: .Para6: .▆Answersforreference:Para2:Topstudentsattainacademicexcellencebymasteringafewbasicprinciplesthatotherscaneasilylearn.Para3:Topstudentslearntobeorganized.Para4:Topstudentsknowhowtoscheduletheirtimeproperly.Para5:Topstudentsareveryseriousaboutschoolandveryactiveinclass.Para6:Studentsbenefitfromgroupstudy.Exercise2:Readthefollowingstatementsandthendecidewhethereachofthemistrueorbasedontheinformationinthetext.WriteTforTrueandFforFalseinthespaceprovidedbeforeeachstatement. Beingbrightdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneastraight-Astudent. Atopstudentknowshowtobalancebetweenwhatismoreimportantandwhatislessimportant. Onestudentthinksthatlearninganewwordwhilebrushinghisteethhelpshimlearnthenewwordbest. Amessystudentmaywastealotoftime. Professorsmayconcentratemoreontheneatnessofanassignmentthanonitscontent. Studentsbenefitmorefromgroupstudythanfromindividualstudy. Pressurefromparentsisgoodforstudents.Answersforreference:TTFThestudentdoessoinordertosavetime.TFThestudentwhoturnsinneatworkisastepclosertoahighscore.TFEncouragementratherthanpressurefromparentshelpsstudentsalot.Exercise3:Summarizethebasicprinciplesthattopstudentsmasterandapplyinstudyingandputthemdowninthespaceprovided.BasicPrinciplesThatTopStudentsMasterandApplyBasicPrinciplesThatTopStudentsMasterandApplya.b.c.d.BasicPrinciplesthatTopStudentsMasterandApplysetprioritiesstudyanywhereorBasicPrinciplesthatTopStudentsMasterandApplysetprioritiesstudyanywhereoreverywherestudyatone’spreferredtimebeconsistentSectionB In-depthStudyWorkingtowardsacademicexcellenceconstitutesoneofthemostimportantpartsofcollegelifeandisthegoalofmostcollegestudents.Straight-Astudents,inthisrespect,canbeofgreathelpbysharingtheirsecretsinachievingacademicexcellence.Readthefollowingtexttofindoutwhatsomeofthesesecretsare.SecretsofStraight-AStudentsAprofessorofeducationwhohasconductedmajorstudiesofsuper-achievingstudentsrevealedthattopgradesdonotalwaysgotothebrighteststudents.Accordingtohim,othereducationexpertsandtopstudentsthemselves,itisfarmoreimportantforastudenttoknowhowtomakethemostofhisorherinnateabilities.Thestudentsatthetopoftheclassattainacademicexcellencebymasteringafewbasicprinciplesthatotherscaneasilylearn. Tobeginwith,topstudentsknowhowtosettheirprioritiesright.Studytimeisnevercompromisedforphonecalls,televisionprogrammesorsnacks.Inotherwords,itisalwaysplacedaboverecreation.Inaddition,topstudentsmakeapointofstudyinganywhereoreverywhere.Atopstudentwhoisalsoatopathletememorisesbiologytermsasheworksouteveryday.Anotherstudentlearnsanewwordeverymorningwhilebrushinghisteeth.Amongallthestudentsinterviewed,everyoneagreedthatstudytimesarestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Somethriveatnightwhenallissilent.Othersprefertostudyassoonastheycomehomefromschoolwhenthelessonsarefreshintheirminds.However,allagreedthatconsistencyisamainfactorifoneistoperformwellatalltimes.Astudentmustalsolearntobeorganised.Forexample,atopstudentwhoisactivelyinvolvedinhisschoolband,trackandfield,rugbyassociationanddebate teamdisclosedthathekeepshisthingsintheirproperplacesbecausehesimplycannotaffordtime-wastingsearches.Anotherstudentimmediately filestheday’snotesincolour-codedfolderssothattheyareavailableforreviewnearingexaminationtime.Anothertechniqueadvocatedbytopstudentsistoreadeffectively.Thisincludesspeed-reading,improvingone’smemoryorretentionability,andactivelyaskingquestionsthatwillleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor’smessage.Itisalsoimportantforstudentstoknowhowtoscheduletheirtime.Theymustknowhowtopaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkabilitysothattheymightnotbeoverwhelmedbythetasksathand.Beingabletosettimetablesnotonlyallowsstudentsmoretimetoreviewandpolishtheirwork,italsopreventsthemfromprocrastinating.Topstudentsbelievethatasecretoftheirsuccessisthetakingdownofgoodnotesduringlessonsandusingthemforrevision.Onestudentrevealedthatshewritesnotesfromthetextononesideofhernotebookandthosefromherteachers’lecturesontheotherside.Thisallowshertoreviewbothaspectsofeachlessonatonce.Thestudentalsorevealedthatinsteadofwastingtimewhisperingtofriendsandgettingreadytorushoutoftheclassjust beforethebellrings,sheusesthosefewminutestojotdownatwoorthree- sentencesummaryofthelesson’sprincipalpoints.Shethenscansthenotestorefreshhermemorybeforethenextday’sclass.Anotherwinningformulawhichteachers promoteliesinastudent’sabilitytohandinneatwork.Accordingtooneprofessor,thestudentwhoturnsinneatworkisalready onthewaytoscoringanA.Intheclassroomcontext,itisequallyimportantforstudentstospeakupandaskquestions.Thisisperhapsthebestwayforastudentto clarifyanydoubts.Classroomparticipationalsodemonstratesastudent’sintellectualcuriosity.Asastudentconciselyputsit,“Bettergradescomefrombetterunderstanding.”Thevalueofstudyingtogetherwasdemonstratedinanexperimentconductedatonetopuniversity.Thestudyrevealedthatstudentswhodiscussedhomeworkandproblemstogether,trieddifferent approachesandexplainedtheirsolutionstooneanotherscoredhigherthanthosewholaboured ontheirown.Theexperimentalsoilluminatedthevalueofhypotheticaltestsconductedamongthestudentsandontheirown.Thismeansthatstudentsframetentativetestquestionsbasedontheirnotesandgiveeachotherorthemselveswrittenexaminationsthedaybeforeatest.Expertsconfirmedthatstudentswhodevisepossibletestquestionsoftenfindmanyofthesamequestionsduringtherealexaminationandthusscorehigher.Anothertechniqueemployedbytopstudentsistodomorethantheassignedhomework.Astudentrevealedthatifherteachergivesfiveproblems,shewillundertaketen.Inthestudent’swords,“Partoflearningispractising.Themoreyoupractise,themoreyoulearn.”Lastbutnotleast,allexpertsandtopstudentsagreethatthemostimportant“secret”ofsuper-achieversliesinthecrucialcontributionbyparents.Frominfancy,super-achieversweretaughttheimportanceoflearningbytheirparents.Thelattersethighstandardsfortheirchildrenandheldthemtothosestandards.Theyencouragedtheirchildrenintheirstudiesbutdidnotundertaketheworkforthem.Insteadofpressuringtheirchildren,theseparentswerealwaysloving,gentleandtookpainstoexplainandTheyimpressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren,andthechildrendelivered.（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明）课文参考译文优等生的秘诀潜能对于学生来说更为重要。在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好们如果一起讨论家庭作业和问题，尝试不同的解决办法，并且互相解释各自的答案，分数就会比那些单独用功的学生要高。实验也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。这就是说，学生们根据笔记设计可能的试题，在考试前一天相互之间进行书面测试或自测。专家们证实，那些能设计模拟试题的学生，往往会在正式考题中发现很多相同的试题，自然能得高分了。优等生使用的另一个技巧是超额完成规定的家庭作业。一位学生透露，老师若是布置五道题，她会做上十道。用她的话说后付诸实践。GoodUsage(Para.1)conductedmajorstudiessuper-achievingstudentstopgradesAccordingtohimitisfarmoreimportantGoodUsage(Para.2)attainacademicexcellencemasteringafewbasicprincipleshowtosettheirprioritiesrightStudytimeisnevercompromisedforphonecallsInotherwordsplacedaboverecreationInadditionmakeapointofheworksouteverydayamatterofpersonalpreferenceassoonasfreshintheirmindsamainfactorGoodUsage(Para.3)Forexampleisactivelyinvolvedinkeepshisthingsintheirproperplacesfilesthedaysnotesavailableforreviewimprovingonesmemoryorretentionabilityleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor’smessageGoodUsage(Para.4)scheduletheirtimepaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetablebeoverwhelmedbythetasksathandsettimetablespreventsthemfromprocrastinatingwastingtimewhisperingtofriendsgettingreadytorushoutoftheclassjotdownatwo-orthree-sentencesummaryscansthenotesrefreshhermemoryGoodUsage(Para.5)winningformulaliesinastudentsabilitytohandinneatworkturnsinneatworkonthewaytoscoringanAIntheclassroomcontexttospeakuptoclarifyanydoubtsdemonstratesastudentsintellectualcuriosityconciselyputsitBettergradescomefrombetterunderstanding.GoodUsage(Para.6)trieddifferentapproachesexplainedtheirsolutionstooneanotherlabouredontheirownframetentativetestquestionsdevisepossibletestquestionsGoodUsage(Para.7)Inthestudent’swordsThemoreyoupractise,themoreyoulearn.LastbutnotleastliesinthecrucialcontributionbyparentssethighstandardstookpainstoexplainKeyWordsandExpressionsforTextAconduct vt.carryoutordirectgowithandguideorlead 带领e.g.1.Thesestudieswereconductedbyfourteamsthatcoordinatedtheirwork.2.Weareconductingasurveytofindoutwhatthecustomersthinkofourservice.我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。Collocations:conductameeting 主持会议conductaninvestigation 进行调查reveal vt.makeknownsththatwaspreviouslysecretorunknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）露出来e.g.1.Detailsofthemurderwererevealedbythelocalnewspaper.2.Hedidn’twanttorevealhisrealfeelings.他不想露出他的真实情感。Collocations:revealsthtosb. 向某人透露某事revealsb.tobe显示某人是makethemostofgetthebestadvantagefrom 最大限度利用e.g.1.Jimstudiedhardinthetrainingclass;hewantedtomakethemostofhischancetolearn.2.Theoccasiononlycomesonceinfiveyears,andtheynaturallymakethemostofit.这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。attain vt.fmlgainorarriveat,espafterlongeffortreach （长期努力后）获得，达到e.g.1.Heattainedfamethroughmanyyearsofhardwork.2.Weneedtoidentifythebestwaysofattainingourgoals.我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。CF: attain,achieve&accomplish这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：Shefinallyattainedherends. 她终于达到了她的目的。Kacyattainedtherankofdeputydirector. 凯茜当上副经理了。achieve指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：Hewillneverachievehisobjectivesifhedoesnotworkharder. 话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如：Heaccomplishedthebuildingofthebookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。tobeginwithinthefirstplacefirstly 首先；第一点e.g.1.I’mnotgoing;tobeginwith,Ihaven’taticket,andsecondlyIdon’tliketheplay.2.Tobeginwith,Johnistooyoungforthatkindofjob.首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。inaddition(to)aswell(as)besides 除……之外；另外e.g.1.Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.2.Inadditiontomystudies,Igotinvolvedinlotsofotheractivities.除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。makeapointofdoingsth.takeparticularcareaboutsth. 特别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）e.g.1.IalwaysmakeapointofcheckingthatallthewindowsareshutbeforeIgoout.2.Shemakesapointofkeepingallhershoppingreceipts.她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。performvi.do;carryout(apieceofwork,duty,ceremony,etc.),esp.accordingtoausualorestablishedmethod;give,act,orshow(aplay,apartinaplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.)espinthepresenceofthepublic 履行，实行，完成；表演e.g.1.Johnhasbeentrainingveryhardandhehopeshewillperformbetterforthe100-metredash.2.Somecomputerscanperformoverabillioncomputationsasecond.有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。CF:perform&conduct这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：Hewouldn’tpromisewhathecouldnotperform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：TheinterviewwasconductedinEnglish. 面试用英语进行。involve vt.[(inwith(ofasituationoraction)haveasthepeopleorthingstakingpart常与in或with连用]（情况、行动）使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及e.g.1. Fannyisactivelyinvolvedinthedramaassociationofourcollege.2.Ididn’tmeantogetyousomuch involvedinthematter.我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。filevt.put(papersorletters)inafile 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把……存卷（归档存档e.g.1)Thesenotesshouldbecarefullyfiledawayforfuturereference.2)Wefilethesereportsundercountryoforigin.我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。n. aboxfolderetcforstoringpapersinanorderedwayespinanoffice （内的）文件匣（夹）n. alineofpeopleonebehindtheother 纵列vi.marchinafile 排成纵队前进e.g.Theyfiledslowlypastthegraveoftheirleader. 袖的坟墓。advocate vt.speakinfavourofsupport(anideaorplan)esppublicly 拥护，提倡，主张e.g.1.Thecommitteedoesn’tadvocatetheuseofviolence.2.Manypeopleadvocatebuildingmorehospitals.许多人主张增设医院。schedulevt. [(forusupassplanforacertainfuturetimefor连用一般用于被动语态］排定；预定；把……安排在e.g.1)Theopeningceremony(开幕式)isscheduledtotakeplaceonthecomingThursday.2)HeisscheduledtoleaveforLondonnextMonday.他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。 n. aplannedlistororderofthingstobedonedealthwithetc.预定要做事情的安排；计划（表；程序表；日程表Collocations:onschedule按照时间表，准时aheadof/behindschedule 提前/落后于时间表bescheduledforJune/Mondayetc. /周一等bescheduledforrelease/publication/completion,etc. 计划发布/出版/完成bescheduledtodosth. 计划做某事overwhelm vt.[usu.passive]givetoomuchofathingtosb.[常用于被动语态]使受不了，使不知所措e.g.1.Wewerealloverwhelmedbygriefwhenweheardthenewsthatover4000peoplelosttheirlivesduringtheearthquake.2.IwasquiteoverwhelmedbyalltheflowersandlettersofsupportIreceived.我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。athandratherfmlnearintimeorplace 〖较正式〗即将到来，在手边，在近处e.g.1.Whenshewrites,shealwayskeepsadictionaryathandsoastoensurethatsheuseseverywordcorrectlyandappropriately.2.Alwayshaveyourreferencebooksnearathand.要经常把参考书摆在手边。polish vt.improvebypracticingmakesmoothbrightandshinybycontinualrubbing （通过练习改进，改善；擦亮e.g.1.I’llneedtopolish(up)myFrenchifI’mgoingtoFranceformyholiday.2.Pleasepolishyourshoeswithabrush.请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。takedownwritesthdowninordertomakearecordofit 记录e.g.1.Anythingyousaywillbetakendown,andmaybeusedinevidence.2.Heaskedhissecretarytotakedowneverywordhesaid.他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。refreshone’smemoryremindoneself/sboffactsbyreferringtonotesetc. （借助笔记等）使自己（某人想起e.g.1.Inthemiddleofhisspeechhehadtorefreshhismemoybylookingathisnotes.2.Ilookedthewordupinthedictionarytorefreshmymemoryofitsexactmeaning.我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。promote vt.helptheprogressof(sth.)encourageorsupport 提倡；促进；助长e.g.1. Theorganizationworkstopromotefriendshipbetweennations.2.ThePrimeMinister’svisitwillpromotethe cooperationbetweenthetwocountries.首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。liein(ofabstractthingsexistintheformof(sborsth.) 在于e.g.1. Theproblemliesinthefactthattheydonothaveacompetentleader.2.Ourstrengthslieinproblemsolving.我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。onthewayhecourseofbecomingordoingsth. 在做e.g.1.I’mnowoutofhospitalandwellonthewaytorecovery.2.Aclosedeconomywillnotputacountryonthewaytoprosperity.闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。speakupgiveone’sopinionfreelyandclearly 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法e.g.1.Youshouldneverbefrightenedofspeakingupyourbeliefsunderanycircumstances.2.Ifyouthoughtthatwasn’tfair,whydidn’tyou speakup?如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？clarify vt.fmlmakeclearerandeasiertounderstand,esp.byexplainingandgivingmoredetails〖正式〗澄清，