2020届广东省广州市高三年级下学期阶段测试英语试卷

2020届广东省广州市高三年级下学期阶段测试英语试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMamaandIspendmorningscleaningupthedirtthatblowsintoourhouse.Mamasaysallthedustisduetothedrought.Thedirtsiftsintoeverything.Itcoversourclothes.Wehavetowashthedishesbeforeeachmeal.WerarelydrivethetruckbecausePapafearsthedustfromtheroadwillruinthemotor.Whenmysister,Faye,andIwalktoschool,wewearkerchiefsoverourmouthssowedon’tbreatheinthedirt.Ondayswhentheairissobadthattheyclosetheschool,westayhomeandhelpMamaputwetsheetsoverthewindows.Butthedirtalwaysfindsawayin.LastSunday,therewasnodirtintheair,onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Afterlunch,PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileIplayedwithFayeintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped.Ilookedtothewestandsawahugeblackcloudofdust.Allthebirdsflewaway.“ImustwarnPapa,”Ithoughttomyself.Toavoidherpanicking,IgentlytoldFayetogobackinsidewhereshewouldbesafe,andthenheadedofftothefield.Thestormhitsofast,andinaninstantthedayturnedintonight.BythetimeIenteredthecowfieldthefinesandwaswhippingacrossmyface.IscreamedforPapa,hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyskinlikeathousandbees.AlthoughIwasterrified,Irefusedtoturnback.Mydadwasstrandedandneededmyhelp.Coveringmyfacewithonehand,Igropedmywaytowardthetruckandopenedthedoor.FirstItriedturningthetruck’slightsonandoff,hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing,butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain,soPapawouldhearit.IpusheduntilIhadnomorestrengthinmyarms.Suddenly,Papa’sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartleapedwithsurpriseandrelief.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hethenpulledmeintohisarmsandsaid,“Oh,Iris,yousavedme!”Finally,thewindsubsidedandthedustbegantosettle.Dirtwaspileduptothewindowononesideofthetruckandhalfwayupthedoorontheother.Papakickedagainstthedoor,openingitfarenoughtoletusout.Sandandsoildriftswereeverywhere,butweweresafe.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirsttwoparagraphs?Itdescribesaproblemthecharactersmustsolve.Itestablishesthesettingwherethestorytakesplace.Itintroducesthecharactersthatwillfollowinthestory.Itexplainsthemotivationsforthecharacters’lateractions.WhydidPapagotothefieldthatSunday?A.Hewastryingtogettohistruck.B.Heneededtopreparethefieldforharvest.C.Hewantedtomakesuretheanimalswerefine.D.Heplannedtobringinthecattlebeforethestorm.

HowdidIrissaveherfather?A.Bywarninghimtorunaway.B.Byturningonthetruck'slights.C.Byguidinghimtowardstheshelter.D.Byscreaminghisnameatthetopofhervoice.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeIris?A.Braveandcalm.B.Experiencedandconfident.C.Adventurousandcareful.D.Fearlessandsympathetic.BGXLXXIESXNDTHEUNIVERSEGalaxiesareh也总groupingsofrtors,planefj.gas.anddual.OursuninTheMTLKVW^Ygalaxy,whichrnEasurcsabout100.000light-yccrsacross.Thatcingthinmifkyarghtshapeacrossrhemiddleof+h&nightskyi$madeupofaboutseveralbill2nstarsino<jrg川cut#.Ournalaxyi$aspiral（血发I白）gcloxy.butrhsrc）笛o+h5rtyp«. / 1T?ittVayis.oirfXy土gaUvty口nu?”apw hUI&h询xUeLkourixAivcrii也口二卜ivitkhK4*drtGi&of 川就武仁）JSPIRALGALAXY：gelaxiewThatha\espiralarmsthatemergefnomrhecenter.Ourqolarsysreffli£locatedononeofrhearmsofrheMilkyWaygokixyOurgalaxyhasahugebilackHoleaTitsrcnTerThatbdiion^ofstarsrevolvtaroundELLIPTICALGALAXY：shapedlik6ahugeeggThestarsinthese tendtobsveryHdFurthermore,theoldstar*inellpticalstendtobeyellowandreddish,,whichaccor'dm^toourunderstandingn*sldarevclufion.meanftheyaresmaller,dimmerf+orf.IRREGULARGALAXy：Therearcmanyothersh<]pefaf9口后jcfeeThataren'tspiralor

ellipiicol.They巾11fitintoTheirregular*cot啊。ry.LiketheLargedndSeqIIMog*Jloni<Cbudf.Theynoverat+ierunusuflI-lookingshape?WhatistrueabouttheMilkyWay?A.Thereareonlystarsinsideit.B.Thereisablackholeatitscenter.C.It'sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.D.Ittakes100,000yearstogettherefromEarth.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?A.Shape.B.Size.C.Numberofstars.D.Distancefromthesun.Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasirregular?WhaleGalaxysimilartotheMilkyWaybothinsizeandshape.CygnusA（3C405）Galaxythebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.CigarGalaxylongandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.SunflowerGalaxygalaxywithmultiplearmsradiatingfromitsbrightcore.

TheSilkRoadisarguablythemostfamouslong-distancetraderouteoftheancientworld.ThispassageconnectedEuropeintheWestwithChinaintheEast,andallowedtheexchangeofgoods,technology,andideasbetweenthetwocivilizations.Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad,itwasnotwithoutrisk.ThemainSilkRoadstartedinChang’an(knowntodayasXi’an),theearlyHancapital.TravelerscommencingtheirjourneyfromthiscitycouldtakeanorthernroutethatwouldtakethemacrossChina’snorthwesternprovinces.Afterthis,theywouldfacetheGobiDesert,arguablythegreatestdangeroftheSilkRoad.TheGobiDesert,thelargestdesertinAsia,consistsmainlyofrocky,hardearth.Thisfeaturemadeiteasierfortraderstotravelacross,comparedtosandydesertsliketheneighboringTaklamakanDesert.Likeotherdeserts,theGobiDesertisdryandhot,andthereforethebiggestchallengetravelersfacedwasobtainingenoughwaterforthemselvesaswellasfortheircamels.So,reststopswerecreatedalongtheroute,allowingtravelerstorest,eatanddrink.Theseplacesalsopromotedtheexchangeofgoods,andevenideas,amongstthetravelerswhostoppedthere.Usually,thereststopswereplacedwithinaday’sjourneyofeachother.Inthisway,travelerscouldavoidspendingtoomuchtimeinthedesert,whichwouldmakethemtargetsforrobbers,anotherdangeroftheSilkRoad.OncethroughtheGobiDesert,travelerswouldcontinuetheirjourneyintoIran,Turkey,andfinallyEurope.Whilstthispartofthejourneymayhavebeenlessdangerous,itisnotentirelywithoutitsperils.Theunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphrefersto .A.makinghugeprofitsB.travelingtheSilkRoadC.exchanginggoodsandideasD.connectingdifferentcivilizationsWhywastheGobiDeserteasiertocrossthanotherdeserts?A.Thedesert’ssurfacewaseasiertowalkon.B.Camelsfortransportationwereeasiertofind.C.Itwassmallerandcouldbecrossedinlesstime.D.Thereweremorenaturalwatersourcesavailable.WhatcanweguessaboutthereststopsintheGobiDesert?Travelerswereofferedfreeaccommodation.Theywerelocatedaroundtheedgesofthedesert.Travelersstayingtherewereoftenattackedbycriminals.Theyweresharedbytravelersfromdifferentcountries.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheoriginsoftheSilkRoad.B.ThebenefitsoftheSilkRoad.C.ThedifficultiesfacedbySilkRoadtravelers.D.TheculturalexchangesamongSilkRoadtravelers.DLet’sbeginwiththestory:KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes(阿基米德)todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand,duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths,realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater,themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofscrownwashisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKingmadeofgoldorsilver,theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcryin“Eureka!Eureka!”Or,translated:"I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit!"scrownwasToobad,however,Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthephraseinthatway.Firstandforemost,Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode,althoughhespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy（浮力）.Theoldestauthorityforthenaked-ArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius,aRomanwriter,whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture."Vitruviusmayhavegottenitwrong,"saysChrisSchmitt,amathematicianattheUniversityofBerlinandaself-describedArchimedesfan."ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsoundsright,butwhenyouactuallytryit,youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact,Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists,includingGalileo,whohavereadtheaccountandthought,“Thatcan'tberight."AsGalileowrote,Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact,thesurfacetensionofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit,“Schmittadds."Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyance,nottosittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton'sapple,theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown,alifeinthebalance,anakedmathematician.Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword'sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.Hewouldsinkthecrownintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenaked-Archimedeseurekastory?A.Hebelievedtheword “eureka"wassaidinanothersituation.HesuspectedArchimedesdidn'trunthroughthestreetnaked.HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Theword "eureka"isstillwidelyusedtoday.Theword "eureka“isnowaformalscientificterm.Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.PeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.B.Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.C.Toexplainhowtheword"eureka"wascreated.D.Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka"anymore.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LeonardodaVinciandNatureInthemodernworld,artandsciencearetwoveryseparateactivities,butinLeonardo’stimetheywerecloselyconnected.Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies.36Mathematicsincludedpracticalworklikesurveyinglandformakingmapsaswellasmeasuringthemovementsofthestarsinthesky.Anartistmightneedtomeasurethedifferentpartsofthebody.Hecouldalsousemathematicstoplacethingsinrelationshiptoeachotherinadrawingorpaintingsothescenelookedcorrect.37Mathematicswasalsoconnectedtomusicbecausemusicalsoundshaveafixedrelationshipwitheachotherthatcanbedescribedinnumbers.38Morethanthis,though,Leonardobelievedthatnumberswereapartofallthingsintheworld,includingmusic,andhesaidthat“withoutthemnothingcanbedone.”“Naturehaskindlygivenusthingseverywheretocopy,”wroteLeonardo.Inallhisactivities,Leonardowastryingtodiscovertherulesthatcontrolnature.Inhissearchforthoserules,helookedverycarefullyatalotofexamplesanddetails.Actualexperiencewasmoreimportanttohimthanopinion,andheworkedfromfactstoideas.39Hispurposewastoexaminetheworldsohecouldcopyitinbeautifulpaintingsandsculptures.Healsowantedtolearnfromthecleversolutionsofnature.40Hisquicklittlesketches,oftendonewhilewanderingoutside,helpedhimtocatchamovementorashape.Morecarefuldrawingswouldbedoneatadeskwithapenandruler.InJuly2001,asmalldrawingbyLeonardowassoldfor$12million.Itwasthemostexpensivedrawingintheworld.A.Leonardowasalwaysdrawing.Howcouldthesebeconnectedwithart?Leonardo’sideaswerevastlyaheadofhistime.Mathematiciansanddoctorsworkedtodiscovertheunknown.Aboveall,Leonardowantedtounderstandhowandwhythingsworked.YouwillseeagoodexampleofsuchpositioninginthepaintingofTheLastSupper.Leonardohimselfwasaverygoodmusicianandlikedtoplayaninstrumentandsing.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）第一节（共 20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Throughoutmylife,Iwasneververyathletic.Iwasn’treallyinto41,sportsorconflict.Theonly42Ienjoyedwere43thingslikewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.ItwasduringmyjunioryearinhighschoolthatIrealizedIneededa44.Myfriendswerejoiningthelongdistancerunningcluband45metodoitalso.Atmyschool,therewerenoqualification46;everystudentwasaccepted.Aseveryonegatheredaroundonthefirstdayofpractice,the47announceditwastimefor“warm-up”.Iimaginedthewarm-upwouldbea48jogaroundthe400-metretrack.Isoon49itwasa1-kmrun.Aftercompletingtherun,Iwas50!Iwondered,“Ifthat’swarm-up,what’snext?”The51workoutforthedaywasa5-kmrun,whichImostlywalked.WhenIcamehome,Ireallyconsidered52.However,I53myselftokeepatitandtryharder.Ofcourse,therewasnorealimprovement54.Ialwayscameinlastduringpracticeandthefirstfew55.Asdaysandweekswenton,Ireallytriedmybest.Duringpractice,Iwouldalwayskeepatthe56ofthegroup;thefastest,more57runnerswerealwaysahead,whilethelaziestwerebehind.Astheresultofmy58,warm-upbecamearealwarm-up.The5-kmrunstransformedintoan59dayofpractice.AndIwasnolongerlastinanythingwedid.Foraformercouchpotato,likeme,thiswasa(n)6041.A.rulesB.artsC.competitionD.schoolwork42.A.proceduresB.activitiesC.lessonsD.programs43.A.endlessB.pointlessC.importantD.challenging44.A.changeB.restC.teamD.result45.A.accompaniedB.assistedC.requiredD.invited46.A.trialsB.alternativesC.opportunitiesD.reasons47.A.competitorB.coachC.reporterD.referee48.A.hardB.boringC.practicalD.casual49.A.decidedB.suspectedC.realizedD.agreed50.A.sentoffB.takenawayC.turneddownD.wornout51.A.realB.bestC.expectedD.fun52.A.complainingB.quittingC.cryingD.refreshing53.A.convincedB.taughtC.sentD.helped54.A.actuallyB.graduallyC.separatelyD.instantly55.A.performancesB.presentationsC.racesD.steps56.A.middleB.topC.frontD.bottom57.A.popularB.confidentC.seriousD.relaxed58.A.inspirationB.determinationC.loyaltyD.contribution59.A.unimaginableB.avoidableC.easyD.optional60.A.exceptionB.exampleC.promotionD.success第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thenovelcoronavirus,nowofficiallynamedCovid-19,isanew61(ill)andscientistsarestillstudyingthebestwaystocontrolit.DefeatingCovid-19,62,isnotonlythejobofscientistsanddoctors.Peoplehaveanimportantroletoplayinthebattle.Thebestwaytohelppreventthevirus63(spread)isbyprotectingyourselfandstayinghealthy.ScientistsarenowsurethatCovid-19ispassedbetweenpeoplethroughcoughingand

sneezing.Thevirustravelsthroughtheairandcanbebreathedinbypeoplenearby.Itmayalsoland64surfacessuchastablesandchairs.Ifthesesurfaces65(touch),thevirusmaybeonyourhands.Touchingyour67(protect)youeyesormouthwith66(wash)handscanJetihevirusentervourb「hands.Touchingyour67(protect)youeyesormouthwith66(wash)handscanJetihevirusentervourb「sefannhers,feaK^皿方滤kheEt如短body.public.