北大有机有机含氮化合物

2022/12/31Chapter13OrganicCompoundsContainingNitrogen有机含氮化合物硝基化合物酰胺腈肟胺重氮和偶氮化合物

2022/12/31含氮有机物硝基化合物NitroCompunds酰胺Amides腈Nitriles肟Oximes胺Amines重氮和偶氮化合物DiazoniumSalts&Azocompounds2022/12/31Amine(胺)NH3

胺(Amine)

铵铵盐(AmmoniumSalt)

氨(Ammonia)

季胺盐(QuaternaryAmmoniumSalt)2022/12/31根据N上所连烃基的种类脂肪胺芳香胺芳脂胺CH3NH2一.Classification&Naming:2022/12/31根据N上所连烃基的数目RNH2R2NHR3NR4N+1°胺（伯胺）PrimaryAmines2°胺（仲胺）SecondaryAmines3°胺（叔胺）TertiaryAmines4°胺（季铵盐)QuaternaryAmmoniumSaltClassification&Naming2022/12/31根据分子中胺基的数目一元胺多元胺胺的分级与卤代烃、醇不同！(CH3)3C-OH3°醇(CH3)3C-NH21°胺Classification&Naming3o卤代烃2022/12/31(CH3)2NHdimethylamineaniline苯胺N-methylanilineCH3-NH2methylamine

甲（基）胺CH3CH2NH2ethylamine乙胺Classification&Naming2022/12/313-胺甲基-2-N,N-二甲胺基己烷C6H5NH3+Cl-氯化苯铵Classification&Naming3-(N-乙胺基)庚烷2-氨基乙醇-(N-甲胺基)丙酸对氨基苯磺酸氯化四甲铵硫酸乙铵2022/12/31二.Structure&Isomerism:SP32022/12/31SP3SP3“SP2”Structure&Isomerism2022/12/31胺的对映体的转变构型翻转，能垒较低，翻转速度较快N上不同的取代手性氮对映异构体？—自动外消旋化，不可拆分Structure&Isomerism2022/12/31氮在环内，翻转受阻季铵盐不能进行氮的翻转

可分离出稳定的旋光异构体胺的对映体的转变Structure&IsomerismTroger碱S-R-形成N氧化物，不能翻转

2022/12/31三.PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyNucleolicSubstitution1、胺的烷基化1°胺2°胺3°胺4°胺反应产物复杂如何控制产物在1°胺？采用该法合成胺，哪一种卤代烷不适用？芳香胺2022/12/31PreparationofAamines3、Gabriel合成法制备1°胺2、芳香卤代烃的胺解2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyReduction1.硝基化合物1°胺2.腈3.酰胺4.肟5.AlkylAzide叠氮物2022/12/31PreparationofAamines6、羰基化合物的还原胺化(ReductiveAmination)NH31°胺1°胺2°胺2°胺3°胺1°胺的二甲基化2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyRearrangements1、HofmannRearrangements（Hofmann重排，降解）异氰酸酯机理2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesR-2-甲基丁酰胺R-2-甲基丁胺三元环过渡态构型保持SN2Stereochemistry2022/12/31PreparationofAamines2、Curtius&SchmidtRearrangements酰叠氮化合物CurtiusSchmidt2022/12/31PreparationbyMannichrea