1990年全国入学统一考试英语试题

1990年入学统一考试英语试Section StructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwascaught therainANSWER:[A]Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling eachotherformanyTherearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared tobacco“Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”onesurgeonaskedanother.“Oh, times,Iguess,”wasthehundredhundredsGivemeyourephonenumber IneedyoursoinYousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou’llsing morestillThosepeople ageneralunderstandingofthepresentlackarelackingareinAloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt nothinganythingalleverythingGrace tearswhensheheardthesadbrokebrokebrokebrokeSherefusedto thecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetyhandhandhandhandMichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokes Thebookcontainedalarge ofNowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable tothetotalcostoftheWhenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto hermust thattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyasHewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly Section ReadingEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)TextInMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximaythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20thick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth’soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,so ingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.VenusissimilartoEarthin sizeanddistancefromthehavingalloftheThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto allowustovisitunderstandEarthfindanewsourceofpromoteanewspaceThemainideaofthispassageisabout problemsofspacescientificmethodsinspacetheimportanceofVenustoconditionsonVenusText2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome’smainavenues.Italy’spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasocietywithout.”Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen’sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining.“Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,”saysaresearcheronfemalelaborattheernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly’spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly’stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediayvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstate,railwayworkersandstreetHowever,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome”probablymeans“tomove quietlythroughcentralviolentlythroughcentralinalongwindinglinethroughcentralataleisurelypacethroughcentralWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTherearemorewomenthanmeninInItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinInItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinInItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbyAbout200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor morejobagreatervarietyof“equaljob,equalbothAandThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe TheRoleofWomenisWomenDemonstrateforEqualityinWomenasSelf-employedWomenandtheJobsMarketText3Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseOnadultinligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Average ewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalTheoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsis trueinallrefutedbythemedicallyabeliefoftheThesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameprovethattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlydiscoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongtheprovethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesInligencetestsshowedthat brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallybetweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintalentedchildrenweremostlikely egiftedwhentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresSectionIII CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten26thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest27oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”and“80DaysAroundtheWorld,”hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction28youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificBelowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya29In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaevisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe30shopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.phoneswillbringpicturesaswellas31toephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake32 mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewill ethecenterofentertainmentthroughevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants33theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavored.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma34partofpeople’sdiets.Foreigntravelwill35;winterholidayswill emorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwilleincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.[A][A][A][A]present-[A][A][A][A][A][A]SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left[D].ANSWER:[C]anythingAlicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofWewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theJohn’schanceofbeingelected[A]chairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greaterthan“Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[C]ourenemy[D],”thecaptainTherearemanyvaluableservices[A]whichthepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhichdoesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothecommunity.ThelawIamreferring[A]requiresthateveryone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accident“Iconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobeinvitedtoaddress[C]themeetingofworld-famous[D]scientists,”saidProfessorHewasseeing[A]somebodycree[B]intothehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlastThereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeingmade[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousEventhough[A]thechildrenpretendedasleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when[D]theycameintotheroom.SectionV VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10Itishighlydesirablethatanew (appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedBuyingclothes (be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityouTheykeeplingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative (send)totheconferenceonImustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate (hear)fromyouI (call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIIfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we (nothave)topickhimupintheAftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly (find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanThelecture (begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedtheThechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem (close)theirbooksAnewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses (havetodestroy).SectionVI Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15Section ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheiralitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyoneisinligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)TheywanttoexplainwhyThosewhosupportthe“nature”sideofbelievethatalitiespossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.TherearenoThosewhosupportthe“nature”sideofbelievethatalitiesbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothisTakentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompleyernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompleyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirLetusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,inligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatis