简单句的五种基本类型和练习

北京四中撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华简单句的五种基本类型讲解和练习一、定义简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。如：Myfathergoestoworkat8:00everyday.我的爸爸每天八点钟去上班。Youcangoswimmingtomorrow.你们可以明天去游泳。TheywenttoBeijinglastweek.他们上个星期去北京了。MymotherandIlikeeatingfish.我和妈妈都爱吃鱼。句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、宾语和状语等组成的，依照其组合方式，简单句为五种基本句型。类旬型,主语'谓语动词非谓语帝如表语：宾德宾补■1主+谓语动词C不发物1劫词im.主+1W语动词+宾语I（及物动词）likeEnglish.3主十系动词十表语Iamastudent-4主+1W语动词引旬接宾语+亶接豆语I敢（间宾】her（宜宾）apen.5主十谓语动词十宾语十宾补理mademeTiid.二、具体用法（一）主语+不及物动词。如：Weworkeveryday.Shestudieshard.Ioftengetupatsix.（二）主语+及物动词+宾语。如:Ioftenplayfootballafterclass.Ilikeskatingverymuch.（三）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语：动作的执行者；谓语：说明主语做什么；间接宾语：说明动作是对谁做的或为谁做的；直接宾语：动作的承受者或行为的结果；Hegavemesomechocolate.Shepassedhimthecheese（四）主语+系动词+表语系动词：由be动词来充当，也由一些实义动词来做系动词；表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，用名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语来充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。表语也可以由数词、动名词不定式短语、名词来充当。LiuXiangistwenty-oneLucyisclever（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Keepthechildquiet.主语+及物动词+宾语+名词Shemadehimchairman.主语+及物动词+宾语+副词/介词短语Ifoundyouin.Weplaybasketballwell.三、习题精选II、口头翻译下列句子，标出句子的主语和谓语。Heisstandingbythesea.Ayellowcatwassittinginthetree.Heoftenwalkedintherainbefore.Theyarestillreadingintheclassroom.Icanwritewithyourhelp.III、标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。Canyoudomeafavor?LeiFengsetusagoodexample.Hefoundmemybike.Tomlenthersomemoney.I'llwriteyoualettertonight.W、标出下列句子的系动词。Weshouldkeepcool.Whendidyoubecomeateacher?Hownicethemeetsmells!KFCtastesnice.V、标出下列句子的宾语补足语。Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Internetmakesourlifebetter.Theteacherfoundtheboyclever.Theygeteverythingreadyintime.参考答案：I、1~5ACBAC6~10CABCB11~15CACBA16~20BCCAA21~25ABACB26〜30AACCC31〜37DABDBBBII、主语he谓语isstanding主语ayellowcat谓语wassitting主语he谓语walked主语they谓语arereading主语I谓语canwrite主语Tom谓语eats主语We谓语live主语Mary谓语islying主语you谓语：canswim主语mymother谓语iswaiting主语mymother谓语drinks主语you谓语：mustexercise主语Mr.Lee谓语isrunning主语thegirl谓语isdancing主语thetrafficlight谓语ischanging主语he谓语surfs主语they谓语arewinning主语she谓语wassinging主语somechildren谓语areplaying主语it谓语wasraining主语people谓语work主语mygrandfather谓语lived主语theplane谓语ismoving主语he谓语can'tspeak主语I谓语mustgo主语myuncle谓语wasdrawing主语thelittlebaby谓语wascrying主语we谓语havetoleave主语theoldman谓语maydie主语we谓语shouldn'tcrossm、直接宾语：me间接宾语：afavor直接宾语：us间接宾语：agoodexample直接宾语：me间接宾语：mybike直接宾语：her间接宾语：somemoney直接宾语：you间接宾语：aletter直接宾语：us间接宾语：somefood直接宾语：me间接宾语：thequestion直接宾语：Mr.Lee间接宾语：alotofquestions直接宾语：him间接宾语：theball直接宾语：hisson间接宾语：apicture直接宾语：Tomandme间接宾语：aninterestingstory直接宾语：them间接宾语：anicesupper直接宾语：usstudents间接宾语：anEnglishsong直接宾语：us间接宾语：anotherpair直接宾语：them间接宾语：Chinese直接宾语：thedog间接宾语：somefood直接宾语：Tom间接宾语：somecheese直接宾语：me间接宾语：adictionary直接宾语：her间接宾语：akite直接宾语：us间接宾语：someicecreamW、shouldkeep2.becomesmells4.tastesturn6.gets7.goes8.soundslook10.feelis12.were13.willbe14.ismustbe16.willbecan'tbe18.was19.are20.willbel.clean2.better3.clever4.re