Noun-Clauses解读教学讲解课件

名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实&问题1.连接词有:that,whether,if2.连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which3.连接副词有：when,where,why,how等whatever,whoever,whichever等名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从不省。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实&问1NounClausesSubjectClauseObjectClausePredicativeClauseAppositiveClauseNounClausesSubjectClauseObje2主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。SubjectClause引导主语从句连词：that,whether,连接代词：who,what,which连接副词：when,where,how,why主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前31.从属连词：that,whether

that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytreedestroyedthebalanceofnature.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.1.从属连词：that,whetherThatpeop4Whetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasclear.If×Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornot.If√FormedSubjectRealSubjectSubjectClauseConclusion:引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以。Whetherthesolidshapewould51.

Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。2.

Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.1.Thathewillrefusethispi61)Itis+n.+ClauseItisapity/shamethat..Itisasurprisethat...Itisafactthat...Itiscommonknowledgethat..._________________welostthematch._________________hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat1)Itis+n.+ClauseItisa72)Itis+adj.+ClauseItiscertainthat..Itispossiblethat...Itisunlikelythat...Itisobviousthat...Itisnecessary/important/naturalthat..._______________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow._______________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat2)Itis+adj.+ClauseItis83)It+vi.+ClauseIthappenedthat...碰巧。。。Itoccurredtomethat...突然想起。。。_______________(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.____________________(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat3)It+vi.+ClauseIthappene94)Itbe+done+ClauseItissaidthat..Itisknowntoallthat...Itisreportedthat...Itissuggestedthat..Itmustbeadmittedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itcannotpointedoutthat...________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercises.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat4)Itbe+done+ClauseItis105)"无关紧要（的是）“Itdoesn'tmatterItmakesnodifference______________________oneiswealthyornot.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherItomakesnodifferencewhether一个人是否富有无关紧要5)"无关紧要（的是）“Itdoesn'tmatter11CorrectionTheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.CorrectionTheyshouldlikeeac122.连接代词who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwater...Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided...

Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.WhatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatWhowilltakepartinthemeetingWhoeverbreaksthelawWhichstudentwillwinthefirst2.连接代词who,what,which,whate133.连接副词when,where,how,whyWhytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Whentheywillsetoffisnotdecided.Wheresheisfromisunknown.Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.WhytheysuddenlydisappearedWhentheywillsetoffWheresheisfromHowwewillpaintthehouse3.连接副词when,where,how,whyW14Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when,who,why,how,orthat.1._______isneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.2.___________theywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher.3._______________wewillgotomorrowhasn'tbeendecidedyet.whatwhen/HowWhere/WhetherCompletethesentencesusingw15Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when,who,why,how,orthat.4._______canjoininthesportmeetisdeciededbytheteacher.5.________itwillrainornotisnotclear.6._____theearthisbecomingwarmisagoodtopicforresearch.WhoWhetherWhy7._____theearthisasolidisknowntousall.ThatConclusion:主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Completethesentencesusingw16Summary1.用that/whether/if/where/how/when/why/who/what/which/howmuch/etc.来连接主语从句。2.That在主语从句中不能省略。3.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether，有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以。4.有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免”头重脚轻“，常用it作形式主语，而把主句放在后面。（四种句型）5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Summary1.用that/whether/if17Whoever(无论谁)=anyone/anybodywho(谁)_______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoWhoever(无论谁)=anyone/anyb18“疑问词+ever”引导主、宾、表、状语从“Nomatter+疑问词”只引导状语从句无论谁违反法律将会受到处罚_______________________willbepunished.Whoeverbreakslaws_______________________,hewillbepunished.NomatterwhobreakslawsWhoeverbreakslaws主语从句状语从句“疑问词+ever”引导主、宾、表、状语从无论谁违反法19Exercises1.________weneedmorepracticeisquiteobvious.A.whatB.ThatC.WhenD./2.________theycansolvethequestionisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhichC.WhetherD.What3.________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverbody.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.Who4.________isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.ItExercises1.________weneedm20Exercises5.TorF.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven'tbeenknownyet.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.6.Fillintheblankswithwhether/if.1)Thequestionis_______thefilmisworthseeing.2)________weshallattendmemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.whetherwhetherhasn'twhethershouldwhatthatExercises5.TorF.w217.Translatethesentence.1)_____________________________(她们很需要帮助)isquiteclear.2)Itisknowntous________________________________.(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家)3)______________________________(她是否出席会议)isnotcertain.howMarkTwainbecameagreatwriterThattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpWhethershewillattendthemeeting7.Translatethesentence.how221.时态2.引导词3.that不可省略的情况4.否定前移5.it做形式宾语6.if和Whether的区别7.运用虚拟语气的情况8.语序9.宾语从句专项练习ObjectClause1.时态ObjectClause23宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.1、Tense宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：1)Shesaysth24如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态例：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要25A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔试中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.B.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例：Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.2、引导词A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如sa26C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语)Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)

C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。27宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．B．当it作形式宾语时eg．Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．C．当宾语从句前置时eg．Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．3、that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略3284、否定前移在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。例：Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我认为你做的不对4、否定前移在think,believe,suppose295、it做形式宾语在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的5、it做形式宾语在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的306、if和Whether的区别在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。

宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.6、if和Whether的区别在介词后面的宾语从句中不用i317、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：

建议要求

决定

命令

坚决主张等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）

eg．Isuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．

Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce．7、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：328、语序A.宾语从句必须用陈述语序。

(TorFalse)Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.

Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.有时候可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Ithoughtthathecouldfinishthis

jobinjusttwohoursimpossible.Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.8、语序A.宾语从句必须用陈述语序。(TorF331.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafterExercises

DDDCD1.Idon'tknow______hewill346.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansExercises

ADDBD6.Doyouknowwhere_________3511、Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

12、Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

13、Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.

A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

14、SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

15、Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelledExercises

ADCBC11、Thegirlsaskedifthey___3616、Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.who

B.what

C.when

D.that

17、Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

18、Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

19、Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

20、Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.whenExercises

CBBAA16、Canyoutellme___youwer37PredicativeClause在复合句中作表语的从句，叫表语从句。位于主句的系动词is,am,are,was,were,seem,look,taste,remain等之后，对主语进行解释，说明，使主语的内容具体化。1、状态系动词be2、表像系动词"看起来像"seem,appear3、持续性系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度1）“仍然处于原来的状态”remain,stay2）“需要设法才能保持的某种状态”keep,stay,+clean,calm,awake,young,warm,fine4、感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look5、变化系动词become,grow,turnn,fall,get,go,come,run6、终止系动词prove,turnoutPredicativeClause在复合句中作表语的从句，381、这个故事听起来像是真的。Thestorysoundstrue.2、他似乎知道这件事。Heappearstoknowthis.3、这些桔子很好吃。Theseorangestastegood.1、这个故事听起来像是真的。Thestorysounds391、TheformsofPredicativeClauseHissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Thatiswhyshewaslate.（系动词）+引导词+简单句1、TheformsofPredicativeCla402、TheleadwordsinPredicativeClause1、that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。它往往对主句主语的内容起到进一步的解释作用。Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.Theresultisthatmanyofthembecomefat.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tattendtheconferencewasthatIwastoobusy.Whywedecidetoputoffthefootballmatchisthattheweatherwastoobad.2、TheleadwordsinPredicativ412、TheleadwordsinPredicativeClause2、wh-引导的表语从句1)whether引导表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”，在句中不作任何成分。（if不能引导表语从句）Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.2、TheleadwordsinPredicativ422、TheleadwordsinPredicativeClause2、wh-引导的表语从句2)连接代词引导表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose等除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，且各有各的词义Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.2、TheleadwordsinPredicativ432、TheleadwordsinPredicativeClause2、wh-引导的表语从句3)连接副词引导表语从句连接副词when,where,how,why等除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等，本身具有词义ThatiswhereIcan'tagreewithyou.Thatiswhyhewaslate.2、TheleadwordsinPredicativ442、TheleadwordsinPredicativeClause3、其它连词（词组）引导的表语从句1)because引导表语从句because引导表语从句通常用于"This/That/Itis/wasbecause..."结构中2）asif/though引导的表语从句常置于感官系动词look,seem,sound等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不大可能存在的动作或状态Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.That'sbecauseIstayeduptoolatelastnight.Theelephantfeelsasif/thoughitwereawall.2、TheleadwordsinPredicativ451、在引导表语从句时，whether不能被if替换3、在句型"Thereason(why)...isthat..."中，that引导表语从句，此处的that不能换成because；而在句型"It/Thisis/wasbecause..."的表语从句中，because也不能换成that。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.2、当主句的主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词时，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气Thereasonwhyhewassolateisthatitwasraininghardthen.It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.注意1、在引导表语从句时，whether不能被if替换3、在句型46Exercises1、I'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that's_______I'ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what2、I'mafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why3、PartofthereasonCharlesDickensloved,DavidCopperfield,was______itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whetherExercises1、I'dliketostartm47AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有一下几种：2、代词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.1、名词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3、数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它48AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有一下几种：5、由suchas,thatis引导Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.4、从句Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它49AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有一下几种：7、由or引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.6、由of引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.AppositiveClause同位语是句子成分的一种，它50Usages:1、它一般放在fact,news,true,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that，连接副词how，when，where，whether，what等。Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.Usages:1、它一般放在fact,news,true51注意ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开。注意ThestorygoesthatWilliam52Usages:2、由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven'tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunblievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Usages:2、由that引导Thefactthat53Usages:2、由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.3、由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.4、有时可用namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,forexample等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.Usages:2、由whether引导Thequestio54AppositiveClause&AttributiveClause1、同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词；

定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.AppositiveClauseAttributiveClauseAppositiveClause&Attributiv55AppositiveClause&AttributiveClause2、同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；

定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.AppositiveClause，news和从句没有逻辑关系AttributiveClause，news是told的逻辑宾语AppositiveClause&Attributiv56辨析Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn'treachedus.ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.AppositiveClause，order和从句没有逻辑关系AttributiveClause，day是founded的逻辑状语辨析Theorderwhenweshouldgo57AppositiveClause&AttributiveClause3、同位语从句主要有连接词that引导，有时也可用when，where，who，whether等引导；

定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?AppositiveClause&Attributiv58AppositiveClause&AttributiveClause4、同位语从句的连词不可省略；

定语从句的关系代词作宾语常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.AppositiveClause&Attributiv59AppositiveClause&AttributiveClause5、同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子，谓语用be的不同形式；Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.AppositiveClause&Attributiv60将下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。1、TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2、TheQueenofEnglishwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglishwasonafour-dayvisitinChina.将下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。1、Twofi61翻译句子，并说明其作用。1、Wedon'tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.O.C2、ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.S.C3、Whethertheyarecomingornotdon'tmattertoomuch.S.C4、Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.Predicative.C5、Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.App.C翻译句子，并说明其作用。1、Wedon'tthinky62Fillintheblankswithconjunctionalpronounorconjunctionaladverb.1、Ican'tdecide________bookIshouldbuy.2、Chinaisnolonger________itusedtobe.3、Iamveryinterestedin_______heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchasashorttime.4、_______weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat5、Thetruth_______theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.that6、______and_______wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.WhenwhereFillintheblankswith1、Ica63翻译句子，并说明其作用。1、Wedon'tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.O.C2、ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.S.C3、Whethertheyarecomingornotdon'tmattertoomuch.S.C4、Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.Predicative.C5、Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.翻译句子，并说明其作用。1、Wedon'tthinky64Exercises1、Oneofthemheldtheview_____thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether2、Thereason_____hehastogois____hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3、Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.whetnExercises1、Oneofthemheldth65Exercises4、Ihavenoidea_______.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomylifeD.howmuchhavetheyearned5、Ithink____certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what's6、Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereExercises4、Ihavenoidea____66Exercises7、Alongwiththeletterwashispromose____hewouldvisitmethismorningChtistman.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether8、Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what9、Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichExercises7、Alongwiththelett67Exercises10、____isnopossibility____BobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematchA.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether11、Doyouhaveanyidea_____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whichC.asD.what12、He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.whyExercises10、____isnopossibi68名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实&问题1.连接词有:that,whether,if2.连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which3.连接副词有：when,where,why,how等whatever,whoever,whichever等名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从不省。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实&问69NounClausesSubjectClauseObjectClausePredicativeClauseAppositiveClauseNounClausesSubjectClauseObje70主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。SubjectClause引导主语从句连词：that,whether,连接代词：who,what,which连接副词：when,where,how,why主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前711.从属连词：that,whether

that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytreedestroyedthebalanceofnature.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.1.从属连词：that,whetherThatpeop72Whetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasclear.If×Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornot.If√FormedSubjectRealSubjectSubjectClauseConclusion:引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以。Whetherthesolidshapewould731.

Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。2.

Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.1.Thathewillrefusethispi741)Itis+n.+ClauseItisapity/shamethat..Itisasurprisethat...Itisafactthat...Itiscommonknowledgethat..._________________welostthematch._________________hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat1)Itis+n.+ClauseItisa752)Itis+adj.+ClauseItiscertainthat..Itispossiblethat...Itisunlikelythat...Itisobviousthat...Itisnecessary/important/naturalthat..._______________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow._______________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat2)Itis+adj.+ClauseItis763)It+vi.+ClauseIthappenedthat...碰巧。。。Itoccurredtomethat...突然想起。。。_______________(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.____________________(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat3)It+vi.+ClauseIthappene774)Itbe+done+ClauseItissaidthat..Itisknowntoallthat...Itisreportedthat...Itissuggestedthat..Itmustbeadmittedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itcannotpointedoutthat...________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercises.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat4)Itbe+done+ClauseItis785)"无关紧要（的是）“Itdoesn'tmatterItmakesnodifference______________________oneiswealthyornot.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherItomakesnodifferencewhether一个人是否富有无关紧要5)"无关紧要（的是）“Itdoesn'tmatter79CorrectionTheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.CorrectionTheyshouldlikeeac802.连接代词who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwater...Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided...

Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.WhatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatWhowilltakepartinthemeetingWhoeverbreaksthelawWhichstudentwillwinthefirst2.连接代词who,what,which,whate813.连接副词when,where,how,whyWhytheysuddenlydis