跨文化交际-Unit5verbalcommun课件

UNIT5VerbalCommunication

UNIT5VerbalCommunication1

在全球化时代，要达到更高的成功几率，须努力成为具有全球视野的国际化人才。学好至少一门外语是必要的，但国际化人才最基本的素质是跨文化沟通能力。这是一种能够超越本族文化，跨越不同文化鸿沟，穿透不同文化壁垒，在多元文化的环境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外语语言能力必须建立在理解不同文化的价值观体系和行为规范模式之上，其最终表现是能够适应、掌控和化解多元文化环境中的矛盾和冲突。

2RoleofLanguageinCross-culturalCommunicationSynonymsIdiomsProverbs,Slang,TabooExpressions&Euphemisms跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件3ChinglishGoodgoodstudy;daydayup好好学习，天天向上Peoplemountain;peoplesea人山人海Morningthreenightfour朝三暮四Nocarethreeseventwotenone不管三七二十一Chinglish4ChinglishHeartflowerangryopen心花怒放（bewildwithjoy）AmericanChinesenotenough美中不足（aflawinanotherwiseperfectthing）Youhaveseed.

Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee.有种你等着，老子给你点颜色看看（Ifyouareamanwithplentyofguts,Ishallteachyoualesson.）。ChinglishHeartflowerangryop5ChinglishWatchsister表姐（cousin）Bigwinestore大酒店（hotel）Bigricestore大饭店（restaurant）Onetimesexthings一次性用品（disposablegoods）Bakethecall-phone

烘手机（handdrier）ChinglishWatchsister6ChinglishStartafamily成家（getmarried）Whiteboiledwater白开水（plainboiledwater）Enterthemouth入口（entrance）Familiarfood熟食（preparedfood）Fuckgoods干货（driedfruit）ChinglishStartafamily7AboutLanguageLanguageispartofculture.语言是文化的一部分。Communicationisaculture-bond.交际是文化的纽带。AboutLanguage8AboutLanguageEverylanguagehasdifferentvarieties/styles.每一种语言都有不同种类/不同形式。Usersoflanguageneedtohavesensitivitytoitsstyles.语言的使用者需要对语言的形式很敏感。Usersoflanguageneedtousetherightstyleattherighttime.语言的使用者需要在正确的时间使用正确的语言形式。AboutLanguageEverylanguageh9CulturalAspectsofaLanguageStyles/Varieties形式/种类Synonyms同义词Idioms习惯用语Proverbs谚语Slang,TabooExpressions俚语，禁忌语Euphemisms委婉语CulturalAspectsofaLanguage10Synonyms

同义词AwordhavingthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherwordorotherwordsinalanguageDifferentwordswhichstandforthesamemeaningSynonyms

同义词11Synonyms

同义词举例：walktiptoe蹑手蹑脚地走Stride大步走shuffle拖着脚走，慢吞吞地走drag缓慢而费力地走Synonyms

同义词12Synonyms

同义词举例：enough:sufficient,adequate充足的autumn:fall秋天recalcitrant:disobedient不服从的never-ending:everlasting不停的Synonyms

同义词13Synonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：jobvocation:job的正式用语profession:脑力劳动者的职业field:广义的职业“领域”occupation:与vocation意思相近specialization:具体的一个专长trade:体力劳动者的职业workSynonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：14Synonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：hobby:业余爱好avocation:需要某种培训或特殊技能才能拥有的hobbyrecreation:工作之余的消遣pastime:与recreation意思相近Synonyms

同义词15如何扩大英语

词汇量Developsensitivitytoshadesofmeaning对词义的细微差别要敏感LearnwordsingroupsExample:Generalword:walkDifferentwaysofwalking:tiptoe,stride,shuffle,drag（注意在写作时尽量少用generalwords）如何扩大英语

词汇量16几种不同的“笑”laugh笑smile微笑giggle短而间歇的笑simper傻笑smirk假笑，得意的笑chuckle轻笑guffaw狂笑chortle高声笑snigger偷笑titter偷笑grin露齿而笑gloat兴灾乐祸地笑几种不同的“笑”laugh笑chortle高声笑17几种不同的“哭”cry哭weep流泪sob呜咽snivel涕泪交加blubber哭嚎bawl大哭wail嚎啕大哭whine啜泣，哀鸣crocodiletears假哭几种不同的“哭”whine啜泣，哀鸣18Idioms习惯用语

Aspeechform(phraseorexpression)thatisgrammaticallypeculiarandcannotbeunderstoodfromtheindividualmeaningsofitselementsIdioms习惯用语19Idioms习惯用语举例：haveabigmouth口无遮拦，大嘴巴thesaltoftheearth中坚力量，精英，高尚的人sitabovethesalt坐上席Idioms习惯用语20Idioms习惯用语举例：facethemusic勇于承担责任，临危不惧playthegame遵守比赛规则，行动光明正大Idioms习惯用语21Idioms习惯用语It’srainingcatsanddogs.-It’srainingheavily.putone’sfootinone’smouth-someoneblundersbysayingsomethingheshouldnothave.Idioms习惯用语It’srainingcatsan22Idioms习惯用语TranslatethefollowingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:1.licksombody’sboots拍马屁2.sitatsomebody’sfeet寄人篱下3.carrycoalstoNewcastle画蛇添足Idioms习惯用语Translatethefollow23Idioms习惯用语4.thepotcallingthekettleblack五十步笑百步5.castlesinSpain白日做梦6.thekissofdeath让某件事失败的因素;帮倒忙Idioms习惯用语24Idioms习惯用语TranslatethefollowingtenChineseidiomsintoEnglish1.守口如瓶buttonone’slip2.打退堂鼓drawinone’shorns3.雷声大，雨点小muchcryandlittlewool4.大海捞针lookforaneedleinahaystack5.黔驴技穷atone’switsendIdioms习惯用语Translatethefollow25Idioms习惯用语6.四面楚歌besiegedonallsides7.半斤八两thepotcallingthekettleblack8.张三李四themaninthestreet9.临时抱佛脚seekhelpatthelastmoment10.道高一尺，魔高一丈themoreillumination,themoretemptationIdioms习惯用语6.四面楚歌26中英文习惯用语lookforaneedleinabottleofhay大海捞针atone’swits’end黔驴技穷takeFrenchleave不辞而别lickone’sboots拍马屁Dutchcourage酒后之勇atsixesandsevens乱七八糟apieceofcake小菜一碟中英文习惯用语lookforaneedleina27Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,andfinger.layafingeronsb:totouchsb.withtheintentionofharmingthem.putone’shandinone’spocket:tobereadytospendorgivemoney.givesb.abighandapplaudsb.Loudly.keepone’sfingeronthepulse:toknowallthelatestnews,development.Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,28keepone’shandin:doactivityinordertoremainskilledatit.withinarm’sreach;sth.whichyoucanreacheasily.askforawoman’shand;toproposemarriage.putone’sfingeronsth.:toidentifyanerror,orcauseofaproblem.keepsb.atarm’slength:avoidbecomingtoofriendly.keepone’shandin:29英语习语、谚语的主要来源TheHolyBible

圣经thesaltoftheearthWilliamShakespeare

莎士比亚Allthatglistersisnotgold!英语习语、谚语的主要来源30从圣经中来的习惯用语aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth

以眼还眼，以牙还牙hideone’slightunderabushel不露风芒，韬光养晦afterone’sownheart情投意合的；意趣相投的；两情相悦的；正中下怀的thestillsmallvoice良心的呼声alionintheway拦路虎从圣经中来的习惯用语31从圣经中来的习惯用语bytheskinofone’steeth刚好；勉强；侥幸（escapebytheskinofone’steeth死里逃生；劫后余生

）

castpearlsbeforeswine对牛弹琴washone’shandsofsomething洗手不干thesaltoftheearth社会中坚，高尚的人从圣经中来的习惯用语32Proverbs谚语AshortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalpreceptProverbs谚语33Proverbs谚语举例：Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Asyousow,soyoureap.一分耕耘，一分收获。Proverbs谚语34Proverbs谚语举例：Liveandletlive.自己活也让别人活；待人宽,人亦待己宽；互相容忍believingthatotherpeopleshouldbeallowedtolivetheirlivesinthewaythattheywantto.Theyseemasasocietytohaveaveryliveandletliveattitudetowardsissueslikegayrights.

Proverbs谚语举例：35Proverbs谚语举例：Liveandletlive.自己活也让别人活；待人宽,人亦待己宽；互相容忍toacceptotherpeopleastheyare,althoughtheymayhaveadifferentwayoflife.Ifirmlybelieveinliveandletlive,andifpeopledon'trob,cheatorbeattheirwives,Ihavenocomplaints.

Proverbs谚语举例：36Proverbs谚语It’snousecryingoversplitmilk.覆水难收Wherethereissmokethereisfire.无风不起浪Proverbs谚语It’snousecryingo37Proverbs谚语Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚Idlenessistherootofallevil.一懒生百邪Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

甘瓜苦蒂物无全美Proverbs谚语Birdsofafeatherf38Proverbs谚语Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.亲身下河知深浅Liveandletlive.得饶人处且饶人Proverbs谚语Allgoodthingsmust39Proverbs谚语Othercountries,othermanners.十里不同俗Whatweloseontheswings,wegainontheroundabouts.失之东隅，收之桑榆Proverbs谚语40Slang俚语Languageoccurringchieflyincasual(sometimesplayful)speechtypicallyshort-livedspeech(coined)deliberatelyusedinplaceofstandardtermsforaddedraciness,humor,irreverence,orothereffectLanguagepeculiartoagroup;jargonSlang俚语41Slang俚语举例:nodiceI’mnotgoingtodo…dumdumidiotchickayoungunmarriedwoman;少女nerdapersonthatisintelligentbutnotsociable;书呆子Slang俚语举例:42Slang俚语deadduck---completefailureno-dive—impossiblehot—populargoesbananas—isangryfreakingout—losingcontrolhititoff—haveagoodfriendshipcomeit---behaverudelySlang俚语deadduck---completefa43Taboo禁忌语AbanorinhibitionresultingfromsocialcustomoremotionalaversionCommonlyassociatedwithbodilypartsornaturalbodilyfunctionsTaboo禁忌语44禁忌语举例：piss,shitswearwordsbloody;bastard禁忌语45Euphemism

委婉语

Theact,oranexample,ofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensiveEuphemism

委婉语46委婉语举例:inthefamilyway怀孕passaway死委婉语47casketpushupthedaisieslittlegirls’roomspendapennyontheheavysidephysicallyhandicappednotallthereafteralongillnessinthefamilywaytiredandemotionalpestcontrolofficerBeeconomicalwiththetruthletyougoCancerMentallysubnormalDrunkRatcatcherLieCrippledDismissFatPregnantBedeadGotothelavatoryCoffintoiletcasketCancer48Whatiscommunicativecompetence?Anintegrativeabilitythatincludeslinguisticknowledgeofthecultureculturalknowledgebehindthelanguageinterculturalawarenessbehavioralflexibilityoradaptabilitycommunicativeskillsandstrategies.Whatiscommunicativecompeten49

When,whatandhowtosayincrossculturalcommunication?1.thecultureofconversation:arichpoint(p.161)

Definition:

Arichpointissomethinginoneculturethatmakesitdifficulttobeconnectedwithanotherculture.When,whatandhowtosa50

Examples:--theconversationbetweentheMexicanandAmericanbusinessmen(p.161)--aSwedishchampionshipskierinterviewedonTV(p.162)(Americanway;Chineseway:)--ayoungAmericanexecutivepresentingtoagroupofGermans(p.159)--WhatdoesJapanese“Hai”mean?HowdoesanAmericanunderstandit?

51

Meaning:

Whentosay,whattosayandhowtosaydifferfromculturetoculture.Theculturalrelativityofcommunication

Theculturalrelativityofco52

--Whentosay

AthabaskanIndiansconsideritinappropriatetotalktostrangers.Havenegativestereotypesofnon-Athabaskansasridiculouslygarrulous(talkativeinanunfavorablesense)andalsohypocritical.

Americans

wouldconsideritawkwardtohavealongperiodofsilencewhenhavingaconversation.ConcludethatIndiansareuncooperative,evenstupid.

53

--WhattosayEG.AconversationbetweenSusanandMrsZhang,hermotherinlaw,attheairportwhenleavingChina.Thehusbandisinterpretingforthem.

--54

Susan:Mrs.Zhang,cometoNewYorkifyouwant.

Husband’stranslation:妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。

Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。

Husband’stranslation:Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.

Susan:

Yes,ohthanksfor

yourdelicious

food,Ilikethemverymuch.

Husband’stranslation:

谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多好吃的。

Mother:

自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，身体健康才最重要哪！

Husband’stranslation:It’smypleasure,Susan,Ihopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.

Susan:

Thank

you!Thesameto

you.

Husband’stranslation:谢谢妈妈，我祝您身体健康。

Mother:

谢谢，谢谢。

55

--PacingandpausingMeaning:

Howfastdoyouspeak?Howlongdoyouwaitfollowinganotherspeaker’sutterance,beforeconcludingtheotherhasnomoretosay?

56

--Listenrship(eyecontact)Whites:maintaingazewhenlisteningandbreaktheirgazewhenspeakingBlacks:

maintaingazewhenspeakingandbreaktheirgazewhenlistening

Whitelistenersthinkblacksareoverbearing.Whitespeakersthinktheblacksarenotpayingattention.

57--IndirectnessMeaning:

Onlyapartofmeaningresidesinthewordsspoken;thelargestpartifcommunicatedbyhints,assumptions,andlistenersfilling-infromcontextandpriorexperience.

跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件58Eg.

AGreekwife(ordaughter):CanIgotothemarketplace?Husbandorfather:(neversayno)Ifyouwant,youcango.–meaningNo.Yes,ofcourse,go.–meaningYes.

Eg.59

Discourse:Verbalexpressioninspeechorwriting.

HowisChinesediscoursestyledifferentfromthatofEnglishspeakingcultures?

Discourse:Verbalexpres60

RobertKaplan’s

1966article,“CulturalThoughtPatternsinInter-CulturalEducation”:

studentswroteEnglishwithdifferentorganizationalpatternsdependingontheirfirst-languagebackgrounds.跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件61

English:straightforwardChinese:circular;definitivesummarystatementsofmainargumentsaredelayedtilltheend.(p.180)English:straightforward62

L.Young’sargumentaboutChinesestyle:--Statingone’srequestormainpointatthebeginningwouldmakethepersonseemimmodest,pushy,andinconsiderateforwantingthings.Youwouldlosefaceactingaggressively.--reasoningwiththelistenertoallowthelistenertoseewhetherwhathesaysmakessenseornot.Moreopen-minded,lessbiased.--buildingasharedcontext跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件63HowdoesConfucianisminfluencecommunicationinthesino-culture?

AboutConfucianism:

Itsprimaryconcernisbuildingandmaintainproperhumanrelationships.ThisstronglyinfluencescommunicationpatternsinEastAsia.

HowdoesConfucianismi64EastAsiaOrientation

ProcessorientationDifferentiatedlinguisticcodesIndirectcommunicationemphasisReceivercentered

NorthAmericaOrientation

OutcomeorientationLessdifferentiatedlinguisticcodesDirectcommunicationemphasisSendercenteredEastAsiaOrientationNorthAm65

--Processorientationvs.Outcomeorientation

Processorientation:strongemphasisonthekindofcommunicationthatpromotessocialrelationships.Communicationisperceivedasaprocessofinfiniteinterpretation.Eg:

smalltalkandpersonalizedinformationbeforedealingwithbusiness.

66

Outcomeorientation:

mainfunctionofcommunicationistoactualizeautonomyandself-fulfillment.Outcomeismoreimportant.Communicationisperceivedasthetransferenceofmessages.

67---Differentiatedlinguisticcodesvs.LessdifferentiatedlinguisticcodesMeaningDifferentiatedlinguisticcodesareuseddependinguponpersonsinvolvedandsituations.Eg.

HonorificlinguisticsystemsinEastAsiaEnglishpolitenessisexpressedthroughtheuseofpoliteforms:please,couldyouplease…EastAsianpolitenessisexpressedthroughtheuseofhonorifictermsorofficialtitles.

---Differentiatedlinguistic68

ABCDTotalTosuperiors461022482%34.88100Topeers434281682%4.8841.4634.1519.51100ToSubordinates436321082%4.8843.939.0212.2100Thewaytoaddresscolleagues(oftheChinesetoChinese)A－Title+lastnameB－FullnameC－FirstnameD－Nickname

ABCDTotalTo461022482%56.112.269

ABCDTotalTosuperiors26842682%31.719.7651.227.32100Topeers618481082%7.3221.9558.5412.2100ToSubordinates616481282%7.3219.5158.5414.63100Thewaytoaddresscolleagues(oftheChinesetowesterners)A－Title+lastnameB－FullnameC－FirstnameD－NicknameABCDTotalTo26842682%31.719.7670Korean:Toeat:Mul-da(plain):tosiblingsDu-shid-da(polite):toparentsChap-soo-shin-da(honorific):tograndparents跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件71--Indirectvs.directcommunication

TheuseofindirectcommunicationisacceptedasnormativeinEastAsia.Confucianculture:communicationshouldpreserveoneanother’sface.

--Indirectvs.directcommuni72

Eg.

Japanese’sindirectness

AskingsomeelsetotransmitthemessageTalkingtoathirdpersoninthepresenceofthehearerConveyingone’smessageasbeingfromsomeoneelse.Eg.Japanese’sindirectness73Japanesevs.Americaninindirectnessinexpression“Pleaseclosethedoor

Thedoorisopen.(A)It’scoldhere.(J)跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件74--receivercenterednessvs.sendercenterednessMeaningSendercenteredcommunication:linear,onewayfromsendertoreceiver.Meaningisinthemessagescreatedbythesender.Emphasizinghowtoformulatethebestmessage,howtoimprovedeliveryskills.Importanttohaveformaltrainingofdebateandpublicspeech.--receivercenterednessvs.s75--receivercenterednessvs.sendercenterednessMeaningReceivercenteredcommunication:emphasizessocialrelationships.Meaningisintheinterpretation,emphasizingsensibilitytocapturetheunder-thesurfacemeaningandtounderstandtheimplicitmeaning.--receivercenterednessvs.s76Eg.

EastAsianstudentsvisitingAmericanhomes:Puzzle:whyaretheyaskedwhattheywant?

Difference:

NorthAmerica:individualfreedomofchoiceEastAsia:topracticeanticipatorycommunicationandthenaccommodateEg.EastAsianstudentsvisiti77UNIT5VerbalCommunication

UNIT5VerbalCommunication78

在全球化时代，要达到更高的成功几率，须努力成为具有全球视野的国际化人才。学好至少一门外语是必要的，但国际化人才最基本的素质是跨文化沟通能力。这是一种能够超越本族文化，跨越不同文化鸿沟，穿透不同文化壁垒，在多元文化的环境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外语语言能力必须建立在理解不同文化的价值观体系和行为规范模式之上，其最终表现是能够适应、掌控和化解多元文化环境中的矛盾和冲突。

79RoleofLanguageinCross-culturalCommunicationSynonymsIdiomsProverbs,Slang,TabooExpressions&Euphemisms跨文化交际--Unit5verbalcommun课件80ChinglishGoodgoodstudy;daydayup好好学习，天天向上Peoplemountain;peoplesea人山人海Morningthreenightfour朝三暮四Nocarethreeseventwotenone不管三七二十一Chinglish81ChinglishHeartflowerangryopen心花怒放（bewildwithjoy）AmericanChinesenotenough美中不足（aflawinanotherwiseperfectthing）Youhaveseed.

Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee.有种你等着，老子给你点颜色看看（Ifyouareamanwithplentyofguts,Ishallteachyoualesson.）。ChinglishHeartflowerangryop82ChinglishWatchsister表姐（cousin）Bigwinestore大酒店（hotel）Bigricestore大饭店（restaurant）Onetimesexthings一次性用品（disposablegoods）Bakethecall-phone

烘手机（handdrier）ChinglishWatchsister83ChinglishStartafamily成家（getmarried）Whiteboiledwater白开水（plainboiledwater）Enterthemouth入口（entrance）Familiarfood熟食（preparedfood）Fuckgoods干货（driedfruit）ChinglishStartafamily84AboutLanguageLanguageispartofculture.语言是文化的一部分。Communicationisaculture-bond.交际是文化的纽带。AboutLanguage85AboutLanguageEverylanguagehasdifferentvarieties/styles.每一种语言都有不同种类/不同形式。Usersoflanguageneedtohavesensitivitytoitsstyles.语言的使用者需要对语言的形式很敏感。Usersoflanguageneedtousetherightstyleattherighttime.语言的使用者需要在正确的时间使用正确的语言形式。AboutLanguageEverylanguageh86CulturalAspectsofaLanguageStyles/Varieties形式/种类Synonyms同义词Idioms习惯用语Proverbs谚语Slang,TabooExpressions俚语，禁忌语Euphemisms委婉语CulturalAspectsofaLanguage87Synonyms

同义词AwordhavingthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherwordorotherwordsinalanguageDifferentwordswhichstandforthesamemeaningSynonyms

同义词88Synonyms

同义词举例：walktiptoe蹑手蹑脚地走Stride大步走shuffle拖着脚走，慢吞吞地走drag缓慢而费力地走Synonyms

同义词89Synonyms

同义词举例：enough:sufficient,adequate充足的autumn:fall秋天recalcitrant:disobedient不服从的never-ending:everlasting不停的Synonyms

同义词90Synonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：jobvocation:job的正式用语profession:脑力劳动者的职业field:广义的职业“领域”occupation:与vocation意思相近specialization:具体的一个专长trade:体力劳动者的职业workSynonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：91Synonyms

同义词区分下列同义词：hobby:业余爱好avocation:需要某种培训或特殊技能才能拥有的hobbyrecreation:工作之余的消遣pastime:与recreation意思相近Synonyms

同义词92如何扩大英语

词汇量Developsensitivitytoshadesofmeaning对词义的细微差别要敏感LearnwordsingroupsExample:Generalword:walkDifferentwaysofwalking:tiptoe,stride,shuffle,drag（注意在写作时尽量少用generalwords）如何扩大英语

词汇量93几种不同的“笑”laugh笑smile微笑giggle短而间歇的笑simper傻笑smirk假笑，得意的笑chuckle轻笑guffaw狂笑chortle高声笑snigger偷笑titter偷笑grin露齿而笑gloat兴灾乐祸地笑几种不同的“笑”laugh笑chortle高声笑94几种不同的“哭”cry哭weep流泪sob呜咽snivel涕泪交加blubber哭嚎bawl大哭wail嚎啕大哭whine啜泣，哀鸣crocodiletears假哭几种不同的“哭”whine啜泣，哀鸣95Idioms习惯用语

Aspeechform(phraseorexpression)thatisgrammaticallypeculiarandcannotbeunderstoodfromtheindividualmeaningsofitselementsIdioms习惯用语96Idioms习惯用语举例：haveabigmouth口无遮拦，大嘴巴thesaltoftheearth中坚力量，精英，高尚的人sitabovethesalt坐上席Idioms习惯用语97Idioms习惯用语举例：facethemusic勇于承担责任，临危不惧playthegame遵守比赛规则，行动光明正大Idioms习惯用语98Idioms习惯用语It’srainingcatsanddogs.-It’srainingheavily.putone’sfootinone’smouth-someoneblundersbysayingsomethingheshouldnothave.Idioms习惯用语It’srainingcatsan99Idioms习惯用语TranslatethefollowingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:1.licksombody’sboots拍马屁2.sitatsomebody’sfeet寄人篱下3.carrycoalstoNewcastle画蛇添足Idioms习惯用语Translatethefollow100Idioms习惯用语4.thepotcallingthekettleblack五十步笑百步5.castlesinSpain白日做梦6.thekissofdeath让某件事失败的因素;帮倒忙Idioms习惯用语101Idioms习惯用语TranslatethefollowingtenChineseidiomsintoEnglish1.守口如瓶buttonone’slip2.打退堂鼓drawinone’shorns3.雷声大，雨点小muchcryandlittlewool4.大海捞针lookforaneedleinahaystack5.黔驴技穷atone’switsendIdioms习惯用语Translatethefollow102Idioms习惯用语6.四面楚歌besiegedonallsides7.半斤八两thepotcallingthekettleblack8.张三李四themaninthestreet9.临时抱佛脚seekhelpatthelastmoment10.道高一尺，魔高一丈themoreillumination,themoretemptationIdioms习惯用语6.四面楚歌103中英文习惯用语lookforaneedleinabottleofhay大海捞针atone’swits’end黔驴技穷takeFrenchleave不辞而别lickone’sboots拍马屁Dutchcourage酒后之勇atsixesandsevens乱七八糟apieceofcake小菜一碟中英文习惯用语lookforaneedleina104Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,andfinger.layafingeronsb:totouchsb.withtheintentionofharmingthem.putone’shandinone’spocket:tobereadytospendorgivemoney.givesb.abighandapplaudsb.Loudly.keepone’sfingeronthepulse:toknowallthelatestnews,development.Idiomscomposedofarm,hand,105keepone’shandin:doactivityinordertoremainskilledatit.withinarm’sreach;sth.whichyoucanreacheasily.askforawoman’shand;toproposemarriage.putone’sfingeronsth.:toidentifyanerror,orcauseofaproblem.keepsb.atarm’slength:avoidbecomingtoofriendly.keepone’shandin:106英语习语、谚语的主要来源TheHolyBible

圣经thesaltoftheearthWilliamShakespeare

莎士比亚Allthatglistersisnotgold!英语习语、谚语的主要来源107从圣经中来的习惯用语aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth

以眼还眼，以牙还牙hideone’slightunderabushel不露风芒，韬光养晦afterone’sownheart情投意合的；意趣相投的；两情相悦的；正中下怀的thestillsmallvoice良心的呼声alionintheway拦路虎从圣经中来的习惯用语108从圣经中来的习惯用语bytheskinofone’steeth刚好；勉强；侥幸（escapebytheskinofone’steeth死里逃生；劫后余生

）

castpearlsbeforeswine对牛弹琴washone’shandsofsomething洗手不干thesaltoftheearth社会中坚，高尚的人从圣经中来的习惯用语109Proverbs谚语AshortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalpreceptProverbs谚语110Proverbs谚语举例：Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Asyousow,soyoureap.一分耕耘，一分收获。Proverbs谚语111Proverbs谚语举例：Liveandletlive.自己活也让别人活；待人宽,人亦待己宽；互相容忍believingthatotherpeopleshouldbeallowedtolivetheirlivesinthewaythattheywantto.Theyseemasasocietytohaveaveryliveandletliveattitudetowardsissueslikegayrights.

Proverbs谚语举例：112Proverbs谚语举例：Liveandletlive.自己活也让别人活；待人宽,人亦待己宽；互相容忍toacceptotherpeopleastheyare,althoughtheymayhaveadifferentwayoflife.Ifirmlybelieveinliveandletlive,andifpeopledon'trob,cheatorbeattheirwives,Ihavenocomplaints.

Proverbs谚语举例：113Proverbs谚语It’snousecryingoversplitmilk.覆水难收Wherethereissmokethereisfire.无风不起浪Proverbs谚语It’snousecryingo114Proverbs谚语Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚Idlenessistherootofallevil.一懒生百邪Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

甘瓜苦蒂物无全美Proverbs谚语Birdsofafeatherf115Proverbs谚语Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.亲身下河知深浅Liveandletlive.得饶人处且饶人Proverbs谚语Allgoodthingsmust116Proverbs谚语Othercountries,othermanners.十里不同俗Whatweloseontheswings,wegainontheroundabouts.失之东隅，收之桑榆Proverbs谚语117Slang俚语Languageoccurringchieflyincasual(sometimesplayful)speechtypicallyshort-livedspeech(coined)deliberatelyusedinplaceofstandardtermsforaddedraciness,humor,irreverence,orothereffectLanguagepeculiartoagroup;jargonSlang俚语118Slang俚语举例:nodiceI’mnotgoingtodo…dumdumidiotchickayoungunmarriedwoman;少女nerdapersonthatisintelligentbutnotsociable;书呆子Slang俚语举例:119Slang俚语deadduck---completefailureno-dive—impossiblehot—populargoesbananas—isangryfreakingout—losingcontrolhititoff—haveagoodfriendshipcomeit---behaverudelySlang俚语deadduck---completefa120Taboo禁忌语AbanorinhibitionresultingfromsocialcustomoremotionalaversionCommonlyassociatedwithbodilypartsornaturalbodilyfunctionsTaboo禁忌语121禁忌语举例：piss,shitswearwordsbloody;bastard禁忌语122Euphemism

委婉语

Theact,oranexample,ofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensiveEuphemism

委婉语123委婉语举例:inthefamilyway怀孕passaway死委婉语124casketpushupthedaisieslittlegirls’roomspendapennyontheheavysidephysicallyhandicappednotallthereafteralongillnessinthefamilywaytiredandemotionalpestcontrolofficerBeeconomicalwiththetruthletyougoCancerMentallysubnormalDrunkRatcatcherLieCrippledDismissFatPregnantBedeadGotothelavatoryCoffintoiletcasketCancer125Whatiscommunicativecompetence?Anintegrativeabilitythatincludeslinguisticknowledgeofthecultureculturalknowledgebehindthelanguageinterculturalawarenessbehavioralflexibilityoradaptabilitycommunicativeskillsandstrategies.Whatiscommunicativecompeten126

When,whatandhowtosayincrossculturalcommunication?1.thecultureofconversation:arichpoint(p.161)

Definition:

Arichpointissomethinginoneculturethatmakesitdifficulttobeconnectedwithanotherculture.When,whatandhowtosa127

Examples:--theconversationbetweentheMexicanandAmericanbusinessmen(p.161)--aSwedishchampionshipskierinterviewedonTV(p.162)(Americanway;Chineseway:)--ayoungAmericanexecutivepresentingtoagroupofGermans(p.159)--WhatdoesJapanese“Hai”mean?HowdoesanAmericanunderstandit?

128

Meaning:

Whentosay,whattosayandhow