第二章企业的外部环境分析-课件

BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingFor

Logistics&SupplyChainManagement

Chapter9.Logistics/Supply-ChainManagement姜阵剑jzj@BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJULogistics/Supply-ChainManagementEvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingBusinessSchool,SDJULogisticsBusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupplychaincostsconsumeabout7-12%ofcorporateannualrevenueacrossallindustries.

integratedsupply-chainmanagement(一体化的供应链管理)isnowattheepicenterofbusinesstransformation.BusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业Theterm"extendedenterprise"representstheconceptthatacompanyismadeupnotjustofitsemployees,itsboardmembers,andexecutives,butalsoitsbusinesspartners,itssuppliers,andevenitscustomers.Theextendedenterprisecanonlybesuccessfulifallofthecomponentgroupsandindividualshavetheinformationtheyneedinordertodobusinesseffectively.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业trueenterprise-strengthsolutions

（企业实力的解决方案）随着全球化的发展，企业之间的竞争也日趋激烈。单个企业已经没有能力适应快速变化的市场，而必须和其它相关企业组成紧密的合作伙伴关系，形成扩展企业（ExtendedEnterprise），保证竞争力优势互补，来共同面对变化的市场和激烈竞争的对手。BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprisethegenesis（起源）ofextendedenterpriselogistics

JapaneseautomobilemakersBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJU精益生产,LeanProduction精益生产（LeanProduction，LP），又称精良生产，其中“精”表示精良、精确、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生产就是及时制造，消灭故障，消除一切浪费，向零缺陷、零库存进军。精益生产的来源精益生产的特点BusinessSchool,SDJU精益生产,LeaBusinessSchool,SDJU1、含义：一体化战略指企业以现有经营领域为基础，根据物流的方向，不断地向深度和广度发展，使企业的经济规模扩大或在上下游之间扩展的一种战略。2、分类：纵向/垂直一体化战略(verticalintegration)横向/水平一体化战略一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU1、含义：一体化战BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化战略纵向/垂直一体化战略横向/水平一体化战略前向一体化战略后向一体化战略一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化战略纵向/垂BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）竞争者供应商企业批发商零售商顾客后向一体化前向一体化水平一体化前向一体化BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化(成长)战略BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理—横向一体化的代表借助信息技术(IT)和管理技术，将供应链上业务伙伴的业务流程相互集成，从而有效地管理从原材料采购、产品制造、分销，到交付给最终用户的全过程，在提高客户满意度的同时，降低整个系统的成本、提高各企业的效益。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理—横向一BusinessSchool,SDJU横向一体化——外包——供应链供应链（SupplyChain）是在相互关联的部门或业务伙伴之间所发生的物流、资金流和信息流，覆盖从产品(或服务)设计、原材料采购、制造、包装到支付给最终用户的全过程。BusinessSchool,SDJU横向一体化——外包BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterpriseThebestcompanies:Enjoyanadvantageintotalsupplychainmanagementcostof3-6percentofrevenueHold50-80percentlessinventorythantheircompetitorsHavea40-65percentadvantageincash-to-cashcycletimeoveraveragecompanies.BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:StuntedLogisticsPerformerStage2:NeophyteLogisticsPerformerStage3:InternallyIntegratedPerformerStage4:ExternallyIntegratedLogisticsPerformersLogisticsburiedatlowestlevelsofcorporateorganizations.Stovepipedlogistics;eachfunctionactsinrelativeautonomyInternalcross-functionalteamsspanningphysicaldistributionfunctionsIntercorporatenetworkedlogisticsteamsandsharedperformancemanagementinformationsystemsLogisticsdefinedas

shippingfunction.Logisticsdefinedasshippingandwarehousingfunctions.Logisticsdefinedasshipping,warehousing,andcustomerservicefunctions.Logisticsdefinedastotalsupply-chainintegration;Runby

shippingclerksRunbymilitary-stylelogisticiansRunbyachieflogisticsofficerRunbyaVP

forsupplychain供应链是物流发展的高级阶段BusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:SBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

Full-spectrumvisibilityandreal-timemanagement

Example：FordMotorCompanyBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivity整体连通性InformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsTheemergenceoftheinternetInternet-enabledsharedinformationhelpsbreakdownorganizationpoliticsandfunctionalfences,helpingsupply-chainalliancemembers

（供应链联盟成员）developacommonunderstandingofthecompetitiveenvironment.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivityAllcompaniescanbenefitfromamoreopeninformationflowbyusingtheinformationto:ReduceoreliminateunnecessaryinventoryImprovetheirplanningDevelopactiveratherthanreactiveoperationsSmoothproductflowsTrimcostImproveserviceBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——Holistic（整体的,全盘的）Supply-ChainManagementMethods

TopmanagementencouragesthiskindofsegmentationanddepartmentalizationSeniorexecutives’abilitytomanagesupply-chaincostsandthereforetheprofitabilityofacompanyisdependentontheirabilitytotakeaholisticapproachtothecompany’soperations.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)ProvidersGloballogisticscompaniesarenowactingassystemsintegratorsformajorcorporateclients,conductingelaborate,highlysequenced“milkruns”topickupanddelivercomponentsandproductswithawholehostofsuppliersandvendorsonaninternationalbasis.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU名词解释第一方物流需求方为采购而进行的物流，如赴产地采购、自行运回商品。第二方物流供应方为了提供商品而进行的物流，如供应商送货上门。第三方物流由物流的供应方和需求方之外的第三方所进行的物流。Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLPs，第三方物流（服务）商)第四方物流提供各种物流信息咨询服务的企业。提供各层次物流人才培训服务的企业。各方物流的概念BusinessSchool,SDJU名词解释第一方物BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun来自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨户在牧场收购牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶时拿走一个空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用这样的方式。牛奶式取货、循环取货，集货配送，多仓储间巡回装卸货混载运送，定时定点取货。国内最早是汽车制造业（东风、上海通用）使用的一种物料集货模式。BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun来BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogisticsProvidersThecomputercompanyreportsahighdegreeofsatisfactionwiththearrangement,whichallowsthecompanyto:Avoidsunkcostsininformationsystemsandware-housingcapacityGaingreatermarketleverageoverocean,air,andsurfacetransportationserviceprovidersAchievegreaterflexibilityinmeetingtheneedsofcustomersBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GovernmentTradeFacilitationsystemsNewtradefacilitationsystemsimplementedbynationalgovernmentshavealsosupportedtheglobalizationofsupplychains.SingaporeTheU.S.CustomsServiceDHL

World-wideExpressBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingManagingtheextendedenterprisewillincreasinglyfocusonthesethreedomainsofbestpractice:PhysicalnetworkmanagementInformationandknowledgenetworkmanagementComputer-basedinfrastructuremanagementBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManageBusinessSchool,SDJU供应链结构示意图供应商制造商仓储和配送中心客户：物流：信息流现金流BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链结构示意图供BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管理实物分销PhysicalDistribution物流Logistics供应链SupplyChain供应链管理的研究是从物流管理研究开始的…1915年美国阿奇萧《市场流通若干问题》二站时期，美国军队建立后勤（Logistics）理论1956年日本引入“物的流通”1989年局部性研究整体性、集成性研究BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理是物流管理的延伸物流管理有狭义和广义两方面的含义：狭义的物流管理——指物资的采购、运输、配送、贮备等活动，是企业之间的物资流通活动。广义的物流管理——包括从原材料到产品整个生产过程的物料转化过程，即供应链管理。供应链管理是物流管理的延伸——供应链是物流发展到集约化阶段的产物。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理是物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理是物流管理的延伸物流贯穿于整个供应链。(几流之一)供应链强调的是系统的整合和优化。作为一种战略概念，供应链也是一种产品，而且是可增值的产品。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理是物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理和物流管理的比较物流一词最早出现于美国。1915年，阿奇·肖在《市场流通中的若干问题》一书中用的是PhysicalDistribution。第二次世界大战以后，物流获得了长足的发展。物流一词也逐渐由PhysicalDistribution演化为Logistics。美国物流管理理事会（CouncilofLogisticsManagement）的定义。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理和物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链概念的提出要比物流晚得多1982年，凯思·奥立夫（KeithR.Oliver）和麦考尔·威波尔（MichaelD.Webber）在《观察》杂志上发表了《供应链管理：物流的更新战略》，首次提出“供应链管理”的说法。供应链管理的出现源于对物流管理的研究。从这个意义上讲，供应链管理是物流管理的发展和延续。尤其是现代物流一体化的提出，更使得物流管理和供应链管理的研究领域和研究方法雷同。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链概念的提出要BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管理的区别首先，供应链管理不仅包括对于供应链中物流的管理，还包括对于商流、信息流和资金流的管理。其次，战略联盟的出现使得供应链管理理论日趋成熟。再次，从研究重点来看，物流管理主要研究各种旨在改善物流效率的物流管理技术和方法。最后，供应链管理和物流管理的目标不同。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理和营销渠道管理的比较营销渠道是“一系列相互独立的组织机构，它主要从事为最终的消费或使用提供产品或服务的活动。”这个概念与供应链的概念很相似。二者都是由商品流通过程涉及到的一组企业连接而成的渠道或网络。——供应链管理与营销渠道管理的主体不同。——供应链管理与营销渠道管理的客体不同。——供应链管理与营销渠道管理的内容不同。——供应链管理与营销渠道管理的重点不同BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理和营销渠BusinessSchool,SDJU战略联盟供应链的基本模式：一般来说，企业构筑供应链的方式主要有三种方法，即正常交易纵向一体化战略联盟BusinessSchool,SDJU战略联盟供应链的基BusinessSchool,SDJU1、正常交易企业可以通过传统的交易手段同供应商和分销商建立业务联系以实现供应链的物流功能。这也是截至目前最为普遍的方式。然而这种短期的安排虽然可以实现物流功能，却无法带来长期的战略优势。BusinessSchool,SDJU1、正常交易BusinessSchool,SDJU2、纵向一体化企业可以通过直接投资、购并等纵向一体化手段整合供应链。这种方法的优点是企业可以强化对供应链的控制及增加其侃价能力。缺点是不利于企业核心竞争力的形成和发挥。BusinessSchool,SDJU2、纵向一体化企业BusinessSchool,SDJU3、战略联盟战略联盟是在竞争、合作的市场环境下，由供应链上一些相互独立的实体而组成的联盟，每个伙伴企业在各自优势领域为联盟贡献自己的核心能力，相互联合起来实现优势互补、风险共担和利益共享。这种准整合的供应链模式可以避免纵向一体化的缺陷，联盟成员的共同目标可以带来正常交易所不会有的更多的承诺。BusinessSchool,SDJU3、战略联盟Q&A!Q&A!第二章企业的外部环境分析-课件BusinessSchool,SDJUExercises教材P111BusinessSchool,SDJUExercises演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingFor

Logistics&SupplyChainManagement

Chapter9.Logistics/Supply-ChainManagement姜阵剑jzj@BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJULogistics/Supply-ChainManagementEvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingBusinessSchool,SDJULogisticsBusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupplychaincostsconsumeabout7-12%ofcorporateannualrevenueacrossallindustries.

integratedsupply-chainmanagement(一体化的供应链管理)isnowattheepicenterofbusinesstransformation.BusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业Theterm"extendedenterprise"representstheconceptthatacompanyismadeupnotjustofitsemployees,itsboardmembers,andexecutives,butalsoitsbusinesspartners,itssuppliers,andevenitscustomers.Theextendedenterprisecanonlybesuccessfulifallofthecomponentgroupsandindividualshavetheinformationtheyneedinordertodobusinesseffectively.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业trueenterprise-strengthsolutions

（企业实力的解决方案）随着全球化的发展，企业之间的竞争也日趋激烈。单个企业已经没有能力适应快速变化的市场，而必须和其它相关企业组成紧密的合作伙伴关系，形成扩展企业（ExtendedEnterprise），保证竞争力优势互补，来共同面对变化的市场和激烈竞争的对手。BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprisethegenesis（起源）ofextendedenterpriselogistics

JapaneseautomobilemakersBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJU精益生产,LeanProduction精益生产（LeanProduction，LP），又称精良生产，其中“精”表示精良、精确、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生产就是及时制造，消灭故障，消除一切浪费，向零缺陷、零库存进军。精益生产的来源精益生产的特点BusinessSchool,SDJU精益生产,LeaBusinessSchool,SDJU1、含义：一体化战略指企业以现有经营领域为基础，根据物流的方向，不断地向深度和广度发展，使企业的经济规模扩大或在上下游之间扩展的一种战略。2、分类：纵向/垂直一体化战略(verticalintegration)横向/水平一体化战略一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU1、含义：一体化战BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化战略纵向/垂直一体化战略横向/水平一体化战略前向一体化战略后向一体化战略一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化战略纵向/垂BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化(成长)战略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）竞争者供应商企业批发商零售商顾客后向一体化前向一体化水平一体化前向一体化BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化(成长)战略BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理—横向一体化的代表借助信息技术(IT)和管理技术，将供应链上业务伙伴的业务流程相互集成，从而有效地管理从原材料采购、产品制造、分销，到交付给最终用户的全过程，在提高客户满意度的同时，降低整个系统的成本、提高各企业的效益。BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理—横向一BusinessSchool,SDJU横向一体化——外包——供应链供应链（SupplyChain）是在相互关联的部门或业务伙伴之间所发生的物流、资金流和信息流，覆盖从产品(或服务)设计、原材料采购、制造、包装到支付给最终用户的全过程。BusinessSchool,SDJU横向一体化——外包BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterpriseThebestcompanies:Enjoyanadvantageintotalsupplychainmanagementcostof3-6percentofrevenueHold50-80percentlessinventorythantheircompetitorsHavea40-65percentadvantageincash-to-cashcycletimeoveraveragecompanies.BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:StuntedLogisticsPerformerStage2:NeophyteLogisticsPerformerStage3:InternallyIntegratedPerformerStage4:ExternallyIntegratedLogisticsPerformersLogisticsburiedatlowestlevelsofcorporateorganizations.Stovepipedlogistics;eachfunctionactsinrelativeautonomyInternalcross-functionalteamsspanningphysicaldistributionfunctionsIntercorporatenetworkedlogisticsteamsandsharedperformancemanagementinformationsystemsLogisticsdefinedas

shippingfunction.Logisticsdefinedasshippingandwarehousingfunctions.Logisticsdefinedasshipping,warehousing,andcustomerservicefunctions.Logisticsdefinedastotalsupply-chainintegration;Runby

shippingclerksRunbymilitary-stylelogisticiansRunbyachieflogisticsofficerRunbyaVP

forsupplychain供应链是物流发展的高级阶段BusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:SBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

Full-spectrumvisibilityandreal-timemanagement

Example：FordMotorCompanyBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivity整体连通性InformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsTheemergenceoftheinternetInternet-enabledsharedinformationhelpsbreakdownorganizationpoliticsandfunctionalfences,helpingsupply-chainalliancemembers

（供应链联盟成员）developacommonunderstandingofthecompetitiveenvironment.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivityAllcompaniescanbenefitfromamoreopeninformationflowbyusingtheinformationto:ReduceoreliminateunnecessaryinventoryImprovetheirplanningDevelopactiveratherthanreactiveoperationsSmoothproductflowsTrimcostImproveserviceBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——Holistic（整体的,全盘的）Supply-ChainManagementMethods

TopmanagementencouragesthiskindofsegmentationanddepartmentalizationSeniorexecutives’abilitytomanagesupply-chaincostsandthereforetheprofitabilityofacompanyisdependentontheirabilitytotakeaholisticapproachtothecompany’soperations.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)ProvidersGloballogisticscompaniesarenowactingassystemsintegratorsformajorcorporateclients,conductingelaborate,highlysequenced“milkruns”topickupanddelivercomponentsandproductswithawholehostofsuppliersandvendorsonaninternationalbasis.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU名词解释第一方物流需求方为采购而进行的物流，如赴产地采购、自行运回商品。第二方物流供应方为了提供商品而进行的物流，如供应商送货上门。第三方物流由物流的供应方和需求方之外的第三方所进行的物流。Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLPs，第三方物流（服务）商)第四方物流提供各种物流信息咨询服务的企业。提供各层次物流人才培训服务的企业。各方物流的概念BusinessSchool,SDJU名词解释第一方物BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun来自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨户在牧场收购牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶时拿走一个空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用这样的方式。牛奶式取货、循环取货，集货配送，多仓储间巡回装卸货混载运送，定时定点取货。国内最早是汽车制造业（东风、上海通用）使用的一种物料集货模式。BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun来BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogisticsProvidersThecomputercompanyreportsahighdegreeofsatisfactionwiththearrangement,whichallowsthecompanyto:Avoidsunkcostsininformationsystemsandware-housingcapacityGaingreatermarketleverageoverocean,air,andsurfacetransportationserviceprovidersAchievegreaterflexibilityinmeetingtheneedsofcustomersBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GovernmentTradeFacilitationsystemsNewtradefacilitationsystemsimplementedbynationalgovernmentshavealsosupportedtheglobalizationofsupplychains.SingaporeTheU.S.CustomsServiceDHL

World-wideExpressBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingManagingtheextendedenterprisewillincreasinglyfocusonthesethreedomainsofbestpractice:PhysicalnetworkmanagementInformationandknowledgenetworkmanagementComputer-basedinfrastructuremanagementBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManageBusinessSchool,SDJU供应链结构示意图供应商制造商仓储和配送中心客户：物流：信息流现金流BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链结构示意图供BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管理实物分销PhysicalDistribution物流Logistics供应链SupplyChain供应链管理的研究是从物流管理研究开始的…1915年美国阿奇萧《市场流通若干问题》二站时期，美国军队建立后勤（Logistics）理论1956年日本引入“物的流通”1989年局部性研究整体性、集成性研究BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理与物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理是物流管理的延伸物流管理有狭义和广义两方面的含义：狭义的物流管理——指物资的采购、运输、配送、贮备等活动，是企业之间的物资流通活动。广义的物流管理——包括从原材料到产品整个