Unit 2 Looking into the future 学案 高一下学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

22/22PAGE1PAGE1重点词汇persuadevt.劝说，说服persuasion n.说服;说服力persuasive adj.有说服力的[重点用法]persuadesb.todosth.=odoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outof(doing)sth.说服某人不做某事；劝告某人不要做某事persuadesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事persuadethat-clause使某人相信[典例]It'shardtopersuadeAmericanstowearmasksduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19.(2020•全国)Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeepsmiling.Mymotherfinallypersuadedmenottogototheparty/outofgoingtotheparty.HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity？Iamalmostpersuadedthatheishonest.[练习]中译英1）他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。switchvt.转换；交换vi.&vt.（使）改变，转变n.开关；转换器；改变[重点用法]aswitchin在……方面的转变makeaswitch做出改变switchfrom…to…由……转变为……switch/turnon/off打开/关上（电器等）switchoverto转变；换频道，转换到switchto更换[典例]*(2020•浙江高考)InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.*(2020•天津高考)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Ifyoupressabuttonorswitch,youwillmakethemachinework.Wehadtomakeaswitchinourarrangements.Shesuccessfullyswitchedfromasingertoafilmstar.Pleaseswitchonthelights.请开灯。We’veswitchedovertotelephonebanking.[练习]中译英Ladiesandgentlemen,please(关闭手机)!Themeetingisabouttobegin.2)Thewind(由北转向了南)intheevening.3)Hefirstmajoredinhistorybutthen(转为)architecture(建筑学).4)She(做出改变)inourplantogoswimmingwhenitstartedtorain.3.distantadj.遥远的，远处的，疏远的，心不在焉的distancen.距离[重点用法]bedistantwith/towardssb.对……冷淡bedistantfrom离……遥远的[典例]1).Theairportisabouttenmilesdistantfromthecity.2).Sheisadistantcousinofmine.3)(2018浙江读后续写)Afterwhatmusthavebeenseveralhours,wesuddenlyheardthesoundofsheepinthedistance.[练习]中译英1).这两种学说之间没有什么关联。___________________________________________________________4.secureadj.安全的，安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护securityn.insecure不安全的，不自信的[重点用法]asenseofsecurity安全感forsecurity为了安全besecureabout对有把握besecureaboutthefuture不必为将来担忧secure…against…保护……免遭……[典例]Theyoungmanfeltsecureabouthisfutureandhadnopassionforhiscareer.Wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.(2019•北京高考)Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.4)Youcannotsecureyourselfagainstallrisksanddangers.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。[练习]汉译英Somemeasuresareneededto(保护农田免遭)shiftingsand.5.remoteadj.远程的；偏远的[重点用法]intheremotepast/future在遥远的过去/将来theremotetime遥远的时间remotesensingtechnique遥感技术aremotecontrol遥控器[典例]Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.[练习]汉译英这件事发生在遥远的过去，所以没人记得那位教授。___________________________________________________________________6.integratedadj.各部分密切协调的；综合的[重点用法]integratedplanning统一规划，综合规划integratedcontrol综合防治anintegratedschool混合学校[典例]Hethinkswearelivinginafullyintegrated,supportivesociety.[练习]中译英写历史书的人总是力图把过去与现在联系起来。_____________________________________________________7.efficientadj.效率高的；有功效的efficiencyn.inefficient[重点用法]anefficientway/method有效的方法behighly/fullyefficient高效率的(be)efficientin(doing)sth.在有成效[典例]Theartsareefficienteconomicdriversandwhentheyaresupported,theentiresmall-businesscommunitybenefits.[练习]中译英养成良好的学习习惯，你将会提高学习效率。____________________________________routinen.常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的[重点用法]dailyroutine日常生活onaroutinebasis按照常规[典例]Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutinebasis.Wearetryingtogetthebabyintoaroutineforfeedingandsleeping.[练习]中译英让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。______________________________________________________________________9.preferencen.爱好；偏爱preferpreferred[重点用法]haveapreferencefor偏爱；更喜欢give(a)preferenceto给以优惠/优待；优先考虑inpreferenceto更喜欢；优先于[典例]Comparedwithabstractart,Ihaveapreferenceforrealisticart.Wegivepreferencetothosewhohaveagoodknowledgeoffirstaid.(2020•全国Ⅱ卷)Theyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually.*(2019•江苏高考)IprefertheschooluniformtothetraditionalChinesedressatthewelcomeceremonynextmonth.[练习]汉译英1)We(优先考虑)applicantswithsomeexperience.10.instantn.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的[重点用法]theinstant(that)一就（充当连词）foraninstant一瞬间（指动作持续的时间）inaninstant立即，马上（指动作不久将发生）instantcoffee速溶咖啡instantnoodles方便面[典例]1)Theguardswiftlyputonhisuniform,fastenedhisbeltandenteredtheRoyalPalaceinaninstant.2)Ifeltinstantreliefaftertakingacoupleoftablets.[练习]中译英1)(一就)Isawhim,Iknewhewasthesuspectthepolicewerelookingfor.2)他停了一会儿。_______________________________________________________________________11.commandn.指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制[重点用法]haveagoodcommand/knowledgeof精通have/takethecommandof…指挥…；统率commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事beunderthecommandof=beunderone’scommand由某人指挥/控制这类常用词有:一个坚持insist两个命令order/command三个建议suggest/advise/propose四个要求ask/require/request/demand【巧学助记】语境巧记commandHismothercommandedhimtoworkhardtolearnacertainnumberofvocabularies.NowhehashadagoodcommandofFrench.Sohecommandstheadmirationofhisfriends.为了掌握一定的词汇量他妈妈命令他要努力学习。现在他已经精通法语,因此也博得了他朋友的赞赏。【熟词生义】LargefootballclubsbenefitfinanciallyfromTVincomeandthetopplayerscancommandverylargesalaries.(v.获得,赢得)[典例].Mymotherhasagoodcommandofseverallanguages,suchasEnglish,French,Danish..Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.3).Thearmyisundertheking'scommand.[练习]用适当的介词填空1).Forthefirsttimeinyears,shefelt______commandofherlife.2).Thearmyis__________theking’sdirectcommand.3).Thepolicearrivedandtookcommand________thesituation.12.obeyvi.&vt.服从；遵守disobey[重点用法]obeythecommand服从命令obeyanorder服从命令obeyone’sreason按照理智行动obeythedoctor’sadvice遵医嘱[典例]AllthesoldierswhoareadvancingatnightareaskedtoobeyJack’scommand.[练习]中译英此外，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则并不重要。__________________________________________________________________________13.warningn.警告；警示；先兆[重点用法]warnsb.(not)todosth.提醒某人(不)要做某事warnsb.that...提醒某人warnsb.againstdoingsth.提醒某人不要做某事warnsb.ofsth./doing警告某人某事类似inform(通知);accuse(指控);remind(提醒);cure(治愈);suspect(怀疑)。[典例]ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.[练习]中译英海洋颜色的变化将是我们确实改变了地球的早期预警信号之一。___________________________________________________________________14.constantadj.不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量[重点用法]constantquarrels频繁的争吵constantfriends忠实的朋友[典例]Thushumanswholivedinamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinaconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.[练习]汉译英他一直在谈论他的工作。______________________________________________criticaladj.严重的；关键的；批判性的[重点用法]criticalpoint转折点criticalsituation重大局面[典例]Yearsago,acriticaleventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.数年之前，发生了一件永远改变我生活的重要事件。[练习]汉译英一般来说，比起被批评，人们更喜欢受到别人的表扬。___________________________16.potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地[重点用法]developone’spotential开发某人的潜力havepotentialin在某方面有潜力havepotentialfor有可能/潜力做某事[典例]Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.Everyseedisapotentialplant.(2020•天津高考)Havingstudiedvolcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.[练习]汉译英ConsideringthatFrankdidn’t(有潜力做)theimportantworkwell,thebossfiredhim.17.leakvi.&vt.漏；渗漏；透露n.漏洞；裂缝；透露[重点用法]leaksth.tosb.向某人泄露某事leakout泄露，走漏；透漏[典例]—Whathappened?Yourbossseemstoflyoffthehandle.—Didn’tyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?[练习]汉译英这个消息刚泄露出去，我的电话就响了起来。_____________________________________________________________________________electricaladj.电的；用电的[重点用法]electricalequipment电气设备anelectricalfault电路故障[典例]Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoningnearlydrovethemtodyingout.[练习]汉译英以下物品经批准可用于住宅房间：电热毯、吹风机___________________________________________________________________________detectvt.发现；查明[重点用法]detect/findsb.doingsth.发现某人在做某事detectthesecret发现秘密detectsomeangerinhisvoice在他的声音中听出一些怒气detectthedisease查出疾病[典例]Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.[练习]汉译英侦探承诺为教授保守秘密。____________________________________________________________________relevantadj.有关的；有意义的irrelevantadj.无关的relevancen.关联[重点用法]berelevantto与……有关relevantinformation相关信息[典例]1)Morerelevantdetailshavebeenfoundout.2)Herefusedtosayanythingnotrelevanttothepresentquestion.3)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.[练习]汉译英要了解更多信息，请登陆相关网站。_________________________________________21.innovationn.创新；创造[重点用法]opposeinnovation反对创新innovateinordertomakeprogress改革以便取得进步[典例]Buildtheleadershipandcommunicationskillsyou’llneedtointroduceaninnovationmethodacrossyourorganization.[练习]汉译英我们必须不时地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。_____________________________________________________________________________22.availableadj.可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的[重点用法]availableresources可利用的资源availablepower有效功率[典例].Admissionticketsforalltheattractionsintheamusementparkareavailable..Mybikeisnotavailablenow,becauseitisbeingrepaired.(2020•江苏高考)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromwhichstudentscanchooseforfree.(4)(2019•天津高考)CampusSecurityisavailabletoassist24hours,7daysaweek.[练习].Iwouldhavegonetomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butI______________(没有空).23.combinevi.&vt.（使）结合；混合combination(n.)[重点用法]combinewithsb./sth.与某人/某物结合起来 combinetogether联合起来combineAwith/andB把A与B结合起来combinetodosth.联合起来做某事combinedeffort/action/operation共同努力/行动/作战becombinedwith与相结合[典例]1).(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.2).Circumstanceshavecombinedtoruinourplansforaholiday.3).Oilandwaterdon’tcombine.油和水不相溶。4)(2019•江苏高考)Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopedacombinationofartificialbreedingandnaturalreproduction.[练习]用combine的短语或其适当形式填空。1).A_______offactors(因素)ledtoherdecisiontoresign(辞职；放弃；屈从，勉强接受).2).Successwasachievedbythe_______effortsofthewholeteam.3).Asawriter,he_______wit(才智；智慧)_______passion(热情).4)(2020•江苏高考)Technologicalinnovations,(combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.artificialadj.人工的；人造的；假的[重点用法]artificialintelligence[AI]人工智能artificiallight人造光[典例]Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty.[练习]汉译英我们可以看到，人工智能已经在很多方面对我们的生活产生了影响。___________________________________________________________________25.predictvt.预测；预言；预料prediction(n.)predictable(adj.)[重点用法]bepredictedtodosth.预计做某事bedifficult/hardtopredict难以预测assb.hadpredicted正如某人所预料的predictthat预测……Itis/waspredictedthat…据预测……[典例]1)Aneclipsecouldbepredictedinancientdays.很久以前就可以预报日（月）蚀了。2)Itwaspredictedthatthetemperatureofthenextmonthwouldcontinuetofall.3)(2019•天津高考)Eventhoughweliveinahigh-techage,it’sstillimpossibletopredicttheweather.[练习]语法填空。1)Thescientist’s________(predict)isbasedonDarwin’stheoryofevolution.2)Lifeis_______(predict);eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.3)Ifwebecomemoreaccuratein_______(predict)earthquakes,we’llreduceloss.26.forecastvt.&n.预测；预报[重点用法]forecastthat...预测forecaststh.todosth.预测某物做某事[典例]Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbecloudywithaslightchanceofrainlatertonight.Temperaturesareforecasttoreach40℃,sowearewarnednottogoout.[练习]汉译英教授预测有二十名学生将不能通过考试。_____________________________________occupationn.n.工作，职业；[U]侵占，占领。[重点用法]changesb.’soccupation换工作chooseanoccupation挑选职业afull-timeoccupation全职工作beunderoccupation在占领下[典例]1).Tomisabusdriverbyoccupation,butnoonelooksdownuponhim.2).Theareasunderoccupationcontainedmajorindustrialareas.[练习]汉译英1).Pleasestateyourname,addressand(职业).28.opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠[重点用法]opposedoingsth.反对做某事beopposedto(doing)sth.反对（做）某事[典例]However,manystudentsandparentsopposeseparatingstudentsintoscienceandart.Withalotofpeopleopposingit,thegovernmenthadtopostponethenewproposal.[练习]汉译英她强烈反对出国的想法。_________________________________________29.ceasevi.&vt.（使）停止；终止[重点用法]ceasetodosth.=ceasedoingsth.停止做某事ceasesth.停止某事[典例]Ifwarsdonotcease,thenumberofthehomelesspeoplecanbeexpectedtorise.[练习]汉译英这位小说家因为疾病六十岁时就不再写作了。______________________________________30.absencen.不存在；缺乏；缺席[重点用法]absencefrom缺席，缺乏，没有；不在during/inone’sabsence在某人不在时absenceofmind心不在焉intheabsenceof缺乏……时，因缺乏……；某人不在/缺席时[典例]Hisrepeatedabsencesfromschoolareworrying.Intheabsenceofthemanager,Ishallbeincharge.(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)Thephenomenonofabsenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangersisdescribedinthefirstparagraph.[练习]汉译英他不在期间，他经常叫他的邻居照顾他的宠物。___________________________________________________________________________________31resistvi.&vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡[重点用法](1)resiststh./doingsth.抵制做某事(2)resistant adj.反对的,抵制的beresistanttosth.反对某事(3)resistance n.反对[典例]1)Shecannotresistthetemptationofchocolate.2)Hecouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.3)Someonewhoisresistanttosomethingisopposedtoitandwantstopreventit.4)Theseantibodieshelpthebodydeveloparesistancetothevirus.[练习](1)语法填空。①Shecouldhardlyresist__________(laugh)onthoseoccasions.②They_______(resist)myproposalbecausetheythoughttheplanwouldcosttoomuchmoney.(2)Whenmybonuscomesout,__________Ishopping.我拿到红利时,就忍不住去购物。(3)What’smoreeffectiveis__________teachingstudentspeerpressure.更有效的是教学生如何抵制来自同辈的压力。32.advocatevt.提倡;主张;支持;拥护n.拥护者;提倡者;支持者[重点用法]advocatesth./doingsth. 提倡某事/做某事advocatethat+(should)do 提倡主张Itisadvocatedthatsb.(should)do. 主张某人做某事[典例]1）Headvocatedbuildingmoreschools.2）Itisadvocatedthatyoushouldunderstandthesituationsbeforeyoumakeajudgment.[练习]语法填空(1)Headvocates_______(keep)alltheemployeesworkinghardwithhappiness.

(2)Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings_______(fitwith)smokedetectors.

33.emphasisn.重视;强调;重要性[重点用法](1)place/lay/putemphasison/upon 强调;重视(2)emphasizevt.强调,着重*OurEnglishcourseplacesgreatemphasisonconversationalskills.*WecannotemphasizetoomuchtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.[练习]语法填空。(1)Heplacedgreatemphasis______theimportanceoffamilylifeandties.(2)Thespeaker______(emphasis)whathewassayingbywavinghishands.IV重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）earlyon在初期；早先[典例]Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.2)(2019•北京高考)Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.[短语归纳]earlyandlate从早到晚earlyorlate早晚[练习]汉译英我老早就知道我想娶她。____________________________________________catchfire着火[典例]Thebasementcaughtfirebyaccident.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmoveincasesheinjuredherneck.[短语归纳]setfireto使着火，放火焚烧putoutafire灭火fightafire救火makeafire生火[练习]汉译英当消防员到达时，这一栋大楼着火大约二十分钟了。____________________________________inthissense从这种意义上来讲[典例]1）Inthissense,he’snotaverygoodleadereventhoughheisanexcellentprofessor.(2)(2019•全国卷Ⅱ)Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.3）Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?4）Whatyousayistrueinasense.5）Hisconclusiondoesn’tmakesense.6）Innosensewillweannouncethenewstothepublic,orpeoplewillgetintoapanic.7)Thereisnosensearguingwithher.8)(2020•江苏高考)Studiesshowthatagoodsenseofhumorevenmakesyouseemsmarter.9)Inasense,asasensiblewoman,sheinnosenseloseshersenseofjudgement,andshealwaysmanagestomakesenseofeverything.10)Asaresult,thereisnosenseinworryingabouther.11)Sensecomeswithage.老马识途。[短语归纳]makesense讲得通；有意义makenosense讲不通；毫无意义makesenseofsth.理解/弄明白某事ina/onesense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上innosense决不There’snosense/point(in)doingsth.做某事是没有道理/意义的。[练习]汉译英老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。______________________________________couldnothelpbutdosth.不得不做某事[典例]Thegentlegirlcouldn’thelpbutmakemoneybyherselftomakealiving.2)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.[短语归纳]can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事[练习]汉译英我不得不佩服她。__________________________________________keepintouch(with)（与）保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）[典例]Inmyview,itisvitalthatweshouldkeepintouchwithourfriendsinourdailylife.Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.[短语归纳]stayintouch(with)(与)保持联系beintouch(with)(与)有联系beoutoftouch(with)(与)失去联系losetouch(with)(与)失去联系getintouch(with)(与)取得联系[练习]汉译英及时掌握最新研究情况很重要。______________________________________________V重点句型Thesesmarthomeswillkeepussecure,...,andprovideamorecomfortableenvironmenttolivein.[解释]不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的含义。如果作不定式的是不及物动词，需要加相应的介词。[典例]Todaywehaveatalktolistento.Sheisthegirltodotheworkwith.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandunderstandtheworld.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursister?[练习]中译英你能给我一些写字的纸吗？_______________________________________________________________________Yourlightswillcomeontheinstantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusic...[解释]instantn.[C]瞬间，片刻adj.立即的，立刻的；即食的，方便的★theinstant(that)一就（充当连词）[重点用法]foraninstant一瞬间（指动作持续的时间）inaninstant立即，马上（指动作不久将发生）instantcoffee速溶咖啡instantnoodles方便面[典例]1)Hepausedforaninstant.2)Theguardswiftlyputonhisuniform,fastenedhisbeltandenteredtheRoyalPalaceinaninstant.3)Ifeltinstantreliefaftertakingacoupleoftablets.4)Mr.Porter’sbookwasaninstanthit.5)Theinstant/moment/minutehearrivedatthetheater,hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwasleftathome.[练习]中译英1)(一就)Isawhim,Iknewhewasthesuspectthepolicewerelookingfor.Itispossiblethatthistechnologicalfantasywillcometrueinthedistantfuture.[解释]it在句中充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。为了句子的平衡将真正的主语移到后面，这样做可以避免句子结构的头重脚轻。【链接】★It+be+形容词（necessary,important,right,good,wonderful,true,clear,possible,obvious,natural,surprising,fun