信息与通信液晶显示器驱动系统课件

液晶顯示器驅動系統

講師:陳建斌楊和興王清桐王智偉課程大綱液晶物質簡介液晶的電光效應液晶基本驅動原理STNLCDs驅動原理TFTLCDs驅動原理影響TFTLCDs畫面品質的因素DriverIC簡介TFTLCDs模組及介面技術簡介2023/1/61WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器驅動系統

講師:陳建斌楊和興王清桐王智偉液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻2023/1/62WritebyWangC.W.液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻2023/1液晶分子的種類SmecticLC層狀液晶NematicLC線狀液晶CholestericLC膽固醇狀液晶2023/1/63WritebyWangC.W.液晶分子的種類SmecticLCNematicLCCho液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquidCrystallineLiquidKSmCSmANLBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature2023/1/64WritebyWangC.W.液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquid液晶的分類2023/1/65WritebyWangC.W.液晶的分類2023/1/65WritebyWangC.液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數()折射率()黏滯係數()介電係數()電導係數磁化率彈性係數()2023/1/66WritebyWangC.W.液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)2023/1液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOpticalNegativeHelicalAxisOpticalAxisOpticalAxis2023/1/67WritebyWangC.W.液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOptical液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON2023/1/68WritebyWangC.W.液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON2液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點低電壓驅動。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實現大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範圍限制。2023/1/69WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點2023/1/69Writeby液晶顯示器的種類液晶顯示器扭轉型(TwinstNematic,TN)1971超扭轉型(SuperTwinstNematic,STN)1984雙層雙扭轉型(DoubleLayerSTN,DSTN)1987光相位補償超扭轉型(FilmSTN,FSTN)1988主動驅動超扭轉型(AASTNorMLSSTN)1992強介電型(FerroelectricLiquidCrystal:FLC)1980PDLC(PolymerDispersiveLC)1988PSCT(PolymerStabilizedCholestericTexture)1993OtherDS(DynamicScattering)1968PC(PhaseChange)1968GH(GuestHost)1968ECB(ElcetricalControlBirefregency)1971BTN(BistableTwistNematic)1995IPS(InPlaneSwitch)1995VA(VerticalAlignment)19962023/1/610WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器的種類液晶扭轉型(TwinstNematicTN型

LCDs顯示原理

Twist90液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的旋光特性調變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失2023/1/611WritebyWangC.W.TN型LCDs顯示原理

Twist90液晶分子FieSTNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的雙折射特性調變穿透光線2023/1/612WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FielTN&STN電光轉移曲線V-TCurve100%90%10%VnsSTN

VsSTNVsTNVnsTNTV2023/1/613WritebyWangC.W.TN&STN電光轉移曲線V-TCurve100%90TN與

STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT100%VSTNMode2023/1/614WritebyWangC.W.TN與STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT10LCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddressing)靜態驅動法(StaticAddressing)多工驅動法(MultiplexAddressing)主動驅動法(ActiveAddressing/Multi-LineSelection)主動矩陣驅動法(ActiveMatrixAddressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode..)三端元件(A-Si:HTFT,Ploy-SiTFT..)PlasmaAddressing(PALC)熱掃描驅動法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅動法(電子速掃描2023/1/615WritebyWangC.W.LCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddrLCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF2023/1/616WritebyWangC.W.LCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVc多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)1234N123Frame1Frame2F0DT水平掃描訊號+D-D0垂直影像訊號Row1Row2Row3RowNColumn1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01234NFrame1液晶畫素電壓T2023/1/617WritebyWangC.W.多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)12多工驅動法的限制1.01002002023/1/618WritebyWangC.W.多工驅動法的限制1.01002002023APT驅動波形2023/1/619WritebyWangC.W.APT驅動波形2023/1/619WritebyWanIAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAddressing2023/1/620WritebyWangC.W.IAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAdAPT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressingLowVoltageSegmentDriver:2DHighVoltageCommonDriver:2FIAPTAddressingOffset+DforPositivePolarityOffset+FforNegativePolarityVoltageRangeofSegmentDriver:F+DVoltageRangeofCommonDriver:F+D2023/1/621WritebyWangC.W.APT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressing2高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)2023/1/622WritebyWangC.W.高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)2023/STNLCDs規格OperationVoltageVop:BiasRatio:Steepness:SelectionRatio:2023/1/623WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs規格OperationVoltageVSTNLCDs驅動電壓計算IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:APT:SegmentDriver:2.96V,CommonDriver:44.40VIAPT:Segment&CommonDrivers:23.68V2023/1/624WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs驅動電壓計算IfVoff=2V,N=2STNLCDsDrivers架構......移位暫存器(ShifterRegister)DCLK串列輸入訊號...閂鎖暫存器(LatchRegister)LPF+D0F-D2D偏壓位準........................................................DF(HLHL...H)............................HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號電極2D02D2DIAPT參考電壓IAPT驅動IC2023/1/625WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDsDrivers架構......移位暫存器灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,FRC:2023/1/626WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulation,PWM:2023/1/627WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulati灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulation,PHM:2023/1/628WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulatio液晶的頻率響應2023/1/629WritebyWangC.W.液晶的頻率響應2023/1/629WritebyWangVerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs2023/1/630WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDsVerticalCrosstalk的抑制(一)每兩條水平線變換一次驅動電壓極性2023/1/631WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(一)每兩條水VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(二)採用補償驅動週期2023/1/632WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(二)採用補償VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(三)一條水平掃描線的掃描週期分割成兩部份，一半的掃描時間是採用正極性的驅動訊號，另一半的時間是採用負極性的驅動訊號。2023/1/633WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(三)一條水平HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABL2023/1/634WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCHorizontalCrosstalk的抑制垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)傳統驅動方式水平掃描補償波形補償之液晶畫素波形(e)(f)£GVLAB2023/1/635WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalCrosstalk的抑制垂直驅動訊號FrameResponseofSTNLCDs2023/1/636WritebyWangC.W.FrameResponseofSTNLCDs2023ActiveAddressingforSTNLCDs2023/1/637WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressingforSTNLCDsActiveAddressing驅動電壓IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:F=0.730X2V=1.460V|G|=0.954X2V=21.909VOutputRangeofSegmentDriverisabout44V.CommonDriverofCommonDriverisabout3V.2023/1/638WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressing驅動電壓IfVoff=SegmentVoltageofActiveAddressing2023/1/639WritebyWangC.W.SegmentVoltageofActiveAddrActiveAddressing的矩陣運算列向量（Column）×＝時間（Time）行向量（Row）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVoltageMatrix2023/1/640WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressing的矩陣運算列向量（Col矩陣運算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowVector時間（Time）列（Column）Time=Dtk×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）第j列RowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVector垂直序列運算ColumnSequential時間序列運算TimeSequential2023/1/641WritebyWangC.W.矩陣運算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（ColuColumnSequential硬體架構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMNSTNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器2023/1/642WritebyWangC.W.ColumnSequential硬體架構N×MTimeSequential硬體架構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMN1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數STNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片N2023/1/643WritebyWangC.W.TimeSequential硬體架構N×MN主動矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDs2023/1/644WritebyWangC.W.主動矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDs2023/1/644WrTFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnDriver2023/1/645WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnArrangementofColorFilterRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGWBRGWBRGWBRGWBStripeTriangle2023/1/646WritebyWangC.W.ArrangementofColorFilterRPixelStructureofTFTLCDs2023/1/647WritebyWangC.W.PixelStructureofTFTLCDs202CsonCommon與CsonGate架構液晶畫素TFTGateLineDataLineCsCs液晶畫素TFTCommonCommonGateLineDataLineCsCsCsonCommonCsonGate2023/1/648WritebyWangC.W.CsonCommon與CsonGate架構液晶TimingChartofTFTLCDsFrameTimeGate123NTime2023/1/649WritebyWangC.W.TimingChartofTFTLCDsFrameTFTLCDsDrivingMethodColumnInversionDotInversionRowInversionFrameInversion2023/1/650WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDsDrivingMethodColumnDirectDrivingofTFTLCDsDCBiasofCommonGrayScaleVoltageV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V01Frame/1Line2023/1/651WritebyWangC.W.DirectDrivingofTFTLCDsDACModulationAddressingofTFTLCDsV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V0CommonWaveformGraylevelVoltage1Frame/1Line2023/1/652WritebyWangC.W.ACModulationAddressingofTFTFTLCDs的電光效應

DirectAddressing2023/1/653WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDs的電光效應

DirectAddressiTFTLCDs的電光效應

ACAddressing2023/1/654WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDs的電光效應

ACAddressing20TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(一)TFTLCD驅動波形(CsonCommon,Common=DCBias)2023/1/655WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsTFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(二)2023/1/656WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsTFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonGate2023/1/657WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsTFT電容效應的影響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbCsdb2023/1/658WritebyWangC.W.TFT電容效應的影響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbC液晶電容的效應液晶電容CLC

會隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化，因此在驅動液晶時會有殘存的DC成份，其所造成的影響：ImageSticking.PictureFlicker.液晶作用電壓大時，液晶分子趨向平行電場方向排列：液晶作用電場小時，液晶分子趨向垂直電場方向排列：2023/1/659WritebyWangC.W.液晶電容的效應液晶電容CLC會隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化二階驅動方式的效應CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vs垂直影像訊號水平掃描訊號Vg水平掃描訊號VgVshVslVstVthVth正極性驅動負極性驅動負極性驅動正極性驅動資料驅動晶片輸出訊號電位液晶畫素電位Vct=Vst-ΔVpΔVpBlack(+)White(+)White(+)Black(+)Black(-)Black(-)White(-)White(-)2023/1/660WritebyWangC.W.二階驅動方式的效應CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(NTFT補償驅動法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像訊號波形Vs水平脈波掃描波形VgeVgeVghlCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vst影像訊號波形VsVge(+)Vge(-)VghlVghl3LevelAddressing4LevelAddressing2023/1/661WritebyWangC.W.TFT補償驅動法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像3LevelAddressingB(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)正極性負極性Vst=VctB(+)B(-)W(+)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp=CgdVghl/Ct正極性負極性正極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd負極性CsVge/CtCsVge/Ct2023/1/662WritebyWangC.W.3LevelAddressingB(+)W(-)B(-)4LevelAddressingVst=VctB(+)B(-)B(-)B(+)W(+)W(+)W(-)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp(+)ΔVp(-)ΔVp=CgdVghl/CtCsVge(-)/CtCsVge(+)/Ct正極性負極性正極性負極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd2023/1/663WritebyWangC.W.4LevelAddressingVst=VctB(+)BCsonGate電壓補償方式經由Cs將前一條水平脈波的補償波形耦合到動作的液晶畫素,補償Cgd造成的電壓漂移及改善液晶畫素內的直流電電壓殘餘.經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移2023/1/664WritebyWangC.W.CsonGate電壓補償方式經由Cs將前一條水平脈ComparsionofAddressingMethod2023/1/665WritebyWangC.W.ComparsionofAddressingMethoHorizontalLineCrosstalkABCscCscCscTFTSubstrateColorFilterSubstrate2023/1/666WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalLineCrosstalkABCscHorizontalAreaCrosstalkAB2023/1/667WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalAreaCrosstalkAB202VerticalAreaCrosstalkUpLowUpLow2023/1/668WritebyWangC.W.VerticalAreaCrosstalkUpLowUpShadingCrosstalk2023/1/669WritebyWangC.W.ShadingCrosstalk2023/1/669WriShadingCrosstalk的抑制2023/1/670WritebyWangC.W.ShadingCrosstalk的抑制2023/1/67GatePulse的傳遞延遲Gate(Scan)Line的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯

RC網路，因此

GatePulse在傳遞時會造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。RCRCRCRCN2023/1/671WritebyWangC.W.GatePulse的傳遞延遲Gate(Scan)Li液晶畫素邊際電場效應(一)ReverseTilt畫素電極鄰近電極共通電極VPVLVAVA<VL:DisclinationAppearedVA

>VL:DisclinationDisappearedVP>LCThresholdVoltageReverseTilt2023/1/672WritebyWangC.W.液晶畫素邊際電場效應(一)ReverseTilt畫素電極鄰液晶畫素邊際電場效應(二)TFT水平驅動電極垂直驅動電極RubbingDirectionDisclinationLineReverseTiltDomain改善方法1.增加液晶分子的預傾角(PretiltAngle)2.增加BlackMask的遮蔽面積2023/1/673WritebyWangC.W.液晶畫素邊際電場效應(二)TFT水平驅動電極垂直驅動電極Ru驅動IC－ScanDriverBidirectionalShiftRegisterLevelShiftCircuitOutputBufferG1G2G3………...STVRSTVLCPVR/LVDDDVSSDVDDAVSSASTVRSTVLG1G2Gx2023/1/674WritebyWangC.W.驅動IC－ScanDriverBidirectionSerialIn－SerialOut

AnalogDataDriverSelectDatajDataj+1MultiplexerPro:Verysimple.Fewerexternalconnections.Con:Manyanaloginputs.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:Sampleclock:(Dotclock)/N,NPhases.VideoPhase:NShiftRegisterVideoInQiQi+1VariationonMultiplexerPro:VideoInput.Con:Fastdatalinechargingneeded.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:ShiftClock:(DotClock)/3forMono.VideoPhase:3forMono.SampleandHold2023/1/675WritebyWangC.W.SerialIn－SerialOut

AnalogSerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1Qi+2Qi+3VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/SinglePhaseSampleNSampleN+1SampleN+2TTTNN+1N+2OutN-1OutNOutN+1Pro:VideoInput.Smallloadonfastsample-and-holds.Fulllinetimetochargepixel.Con:Complexanalogcircuit.Physicalsize.SystemNote:ShiftClock:DotClock.VideoPhase:SinglePhase.2023/1/676WritebyWangC.W.SerialIn－ParallelOut

AnaloSerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/Multi-PhasePor:Reducedoperationfrequency.SystemNote:VideoIn:NVideoPhase:NShiftClock:(DotClock)/N.2023/1/677WritebyWangC.W.SerialIn－ParallelOut

AnaloDigitalDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterDACDACDACDACDACSerialDataBusDigital-to-analogConvertersPor:Digitalinput.Con:Complex.RequiressufficientprecisiontocorrectforLCresponsevariation.ShiftRegisterCountCountCountCountCountRampInSampledRampPor:Digitalinput.Programmableramp.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Reducedpixelchargingtime.2023/1/678WritebyWangC.W.DigitalDataDriver(一)ShiftRDigitalDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterDecodeDecodeExternalFixedvoltages1-of-nSelectorSimpleDACPro:Digitalinput.Programmableexternalvoltages.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Manypassgatesperdataline.2023/1/679WritebyWangC.W.DigitalDataDriver(二)ShiftRDigitalDataDriver(三)AllDigitalCircuit2023/1/680WritebyWangC.W.DigitalDataDriver(三)AllDigGammaCorrectionofLCDXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測AnalogCorrection:2~3SegmentApproach.DigitalCorrection:Externalfixedvoltage.2023/1/681WritebyWangC.W.GammaCorrectionofLCDXY取像元件取GammaCorrection

SimpleCaseXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測TransmissionVoltage2023/1/682WritebyWangC.W.GammaCorrection

SimpleCaseXTheBlockDiagramoftheTFTLCDModuleCCFLBacklightTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDataDriverRGBCLKHsxVsxTFTLCDModule2023/1/683WritebyWangC.W.TheBlockDiagramoftheTFTLTheTFTLCDModuleTypeClassifiedintotwokindsbydatadriverAnalogtypeTFT-LCDmoduleTheanalogdatadriversTheanaloginterfacetoPCOnlyNECDigitaltypeTFT-LCDmoduleThedigitaldatadriversTheADC/LVDS/PanelLinkinterfacetoPCMainstream2023/1/684WritebyWangC.W.TheTFTLCDModuleTypeClassifTheAnalogInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverAnalogDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBAnalogRGBCLKHsxVsxPreAmpLevelShifterControllerPLLPCAnalogModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklight2023/1/685WritebyWangC.W.TheAnalogInterfaceGraphicsTFTheADCInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDigitalDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBDigitalRGBCLKHsxVsxADCBufferControllerPLLPCADCModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklight2023/1/686WritebyWangC.W.TheADCInterfaceGraphicsTFT-LTheLVDS/PanelLinkInterfaceGraphicsControllerLVDS/PanelLinkTxLVDS/PanelLinkRxTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverCABLEClockHsVsDigitalRGBDigitalRGBClockHsVsPCTFT-LCDModuleDigitalDataDriverCCFLBacklight2023/1/687WritebyWangC.W.TheLVDS/PanelLinkInterfaceLVAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkAnalogInterfaceTrueColorSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmission2023/1/688WritebyWangC.W.Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkAnaloAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkADCInterfaceMainstreamintheDesktopLCDMonitorInterfaceSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmissionEMIIssueforHighResolutionFormatLowImageQualityandHighCost2023/1/689WritebyWangC.W.Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkADCIAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkLVDSInterfaceMainstreamintheNotebookPCInterfaceHighEdgeSharpnessReducingEMI&NumberofCableLineHighImageQualityandLowCostShortTransmissionLength&LowNoiseMarginCompatibleIssue2023/1/690WritebyWangC.W.Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkLVDSPanelLinkInterfaceApplicationintheDesktopLCDMonitorInterfaceHighEdgeSharpnessReducingEMI&NumberofCableLineHighImageQualityandLowCostSecondSupplySourceIssueAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink2023/1/691WritebyWangC.W.PanelLinkInterfaceAnalog/ADC/TFTModule設計考慮(一)顯示的影像訊號時序規格(ImageFormat)圖框重複率(FrameRate)水平掃描線掃描時間TFT的ION/IOFF電流水平掃描脈線的RC時間常數灰階誤差直流漂移2023/1/692WritebyWangC.W.TFTModule設計考慮(一)顯示的影像訊號時序規格(TFTModule設計考慮(二)選擇適合的驅動方式(CsonGateorCOM)選擇適合的極性轉換方式驅動IC(Scan&Source)的選取TFTLCDs模組介面技術的選擇2023/1/693WritebyWangC.W.TFTModule設計考慮(二)選擇適合的驅動方式(Cs大面積高解析度TFTLCDs的開口率影響因素大尺寸面積增加水平驅動電極阻值增加水平驅動波形的時間常數增加水平掃描線減少液晶畫素的有效充放電時間增加解析度增加Cgd/CLC的比值增加ΔVgd

增加ReverseTiltDomain與畫素面積的比例增加BlackMatrix的遮蔽面積降低畫面品質增加水平驅動電極的寬度增加TFT的尺寸增加儲存電容CS

的面積降低開口率2023/1/694WritebyWangC.W.大面積高解析度TFTLCDs的開口率影響因素大尺寸面積PlasmaAddressingLCDsCathode-200VAnode0-200NegativeClowPositiveColumnFaradayDarkCathodeAnode-200VVirtualConnectionSamplingCapacitorAnalogSignal2023/1/695WritebyWangC.W.PlasmaAddressingLCDsCathode-In-Plane-SwitchModeLCDs偏光版解偏版液晶分子作用電極玻璃基板入射光作用電場方向出射光之極化狀態未加電場"OFF"狀態施加電場"ON"狀態出射光2023/1/696WritebyWangC.W.In-Plane-SwitchModeLCDs偏光版解偏VerticalAlignmentModeLCDs未加電場OFF狀態施加電場ON狀態入射光偏光板液晶分子玻璃基板出射光之極化狀態解偏板出射光2023/1/697WritebyWangC.W.VerticalAlignmentModeLCDs未加ComparisonofLiquidCrystalModesStronglydependentonviewingangle低驅動電壓視角窄小Off(White)On(Black)Slightlydependentonviewingangle廣視角液晶反應速度慢Off(Black)On(White)畫面對比低畫面品質差Slightlydependentonviewingangle畫面對比高廣視角Off(Black)On(White)液晶反應速度快彩色畫面顯像佳TNIPSVA2023/1/698WritebyWangC.W.ComparisonofLiquidCrystalM液晶顯示器驅動系統

講師:陳建斌楊和興王清桐王智偉課程大綱液晶物質簡介液晶的電光效應液晶基本驅動原理STNLCDs驅動原理TFTLCDs驅動原理影響TFTLCDs畫面品質的因素DriverIC簡介TFTLCDs模組及介面技術簡介2023/1/699WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器驅動系統

講師:陳建斌楊和興王清桐王智偉液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻2023/1/6100WritebyWangC.W.液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻2023/1液晶分子的種類SmecticLC層狀液晶NematicLC線狀液晶CholestericLC膽固醇狀液晶2023/1/6101WritebyWangC.W.液晶分子的種類SmecticLCNematicLCCho液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquidCrystallineLiquidKSmCSmANLBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature2023/1/6102WritebyWangC.W.液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquid液晶的分類2023/1/6103WritebyWangC.W.液晶的分類2023/1/65WritebyWangC.液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數()折射率()黏滯係數()介電係數()電導係數磁化率彈性係數()2023/1/6104WritebyWangC.W.液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)2023/1液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOpticalNegativeHelicalAxisOpticalAxisOpticalAxis2023/1/6105WritebyWangC.W.液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOptical液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON2023/1/6106WritebyWangC.W.液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON2液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點低電壓驅動。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實現大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範圍限制。2023/1/6107WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點2023/1/69Writeby液晶顯示器的種類液晶顯示器扭轉型(TwinstNematic,TN)1971超扭轉型(SuperTwinstNematic,STN)1984雙層雙扭轉型(DoubleLayerSTN,DSTN)1987光相位補償超扭轉型(FilmSTN,FSTN)1988主動驅動超扭轉型(AASTNorMLSSTN)1992強介電型(FerroelectricLiquidCrystal:FLC)1980PDLC(PolymerDispersiveLC)1988PSCT(PolymerStabilizedCholestericTexture)1993OtherDS(DynamicScattering)1968PC(PhaseChange)1968GH(GuestHost)1968ECB(ElcetricalControlBirefregency)1971BTN(BistableTwistNematic)1995IPS(InPlaneSwitch)1995VA(VerticalAlignment)19962023/1/6108WritebyWangC.W.液晶顯示器的種類液晶扭轉型(TwinstNematicTN型

LCDs顯示原理

Twist90液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的旋光特性調變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失2023/1/6109WritebyWangC.W.TN型LCDs顯示原理

Twist90液晶分子FieSTNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的雙折射特性調變穿透光線2023/1/6110WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FielTN&STN電光轉移曲線V-TCurve100%90%10%VnsSTN

VsSTNVsTNVnsTNTV2023/1/6111WritebyWangC.W.TN&STN電光轉移曲線V-TCurve100%90TN與

STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT100%VSTNMode2023/1/6112WritebyWangC.W.TN與STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT10LCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddressing)靜態驅動法(StaticAddressing)多工驅動法(MultiplexAddressing)主動驅動法(ActiveAddressing/Multi-LineSelection)主動矩陣驅動法(ActiveMatrixAddressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode..)三端元件(A-Si:HTFT,Ploy-SiTFT..)PlasmaAddressing(PALC)熱掃描驅動法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅動法(電子速掃描2023/1/6113WritebyWangC.W.LCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddrLCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF2023/1/6114WritebyWangC.W.LCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVc多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)1234N123Frame1Frame2F0DT水平掃描訊號+D-D0垂直影像訊號Row1Row2Row3RowNColumn1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01234NFrame1液晶畫素電壓T2023/1/6115WritebyWangC.W.多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)12多工驅動法的限制1.01002002023/1/6116WritebyWangC.W.多工驅動法的限制1.01002002023APT驅動波形2023/1/6117WritebyWangC.W.APT驅動波形2023/1/619WritebyWanIAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAddressing2023/1/6118WritebyWangC.W.IAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAdAPT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressingLowVoltageSegmentDriver:2DHighVoltageCommonDriver:2FIAPTAddressingOffset+DforPositivePolarityOffset+FforNegativePolarityVoltageRangeofSegmentDriver:F+DVoltageRangeofCommonDriver:F+D2023/1/6119WritebyWangC.W.APT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressing2高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)2023/1/6120WritebyWangC.W.高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)2023/STNLCDs規格OperationVoltageVop:BiasRatio:Steepness:SelectionRatio:2023/1/6121WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs規格OperationVoltageVSTNLCDs驅動電壓計算IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:APT:SegmentDriver:2.96V,CommonDriver:44.40VIAPT:Segment&CommonDrivers:23.68V2023/1/6122WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDs驅動電壓計算IfVoff=2V,N=2STNLCDsDrivers架構......移位暫存器(ShifterRegister)DCLK串列輸入訊號...閂鎖暫存器(LatchRegister)LPF+D0F-D2D偏壓位準........................................................DF(HLHL...H)............................HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號電極2D02D2DIAPT參考電壓IAPT驅動IC2023/1/6123WritebyWangC.W.STNLCDsDrivers架構......移位暫存器灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,FRC:2023/1/6124WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulation,PWM:2023/1/6125WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulati灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulation,PHM:2023/1/6126WritebyWangC.W.灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulatio液晶的頻率響應2023/1/6127WritebyWangC.W.液晶的頻率響應2023/1/629WritebyWangVerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs2023/1/6128WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDsVerticalCrosstalk的抑制(一)每兩條水平線變換一次驅動電壓極性2023/1/6129WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(一)每兩條水VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(二)採用補償驅動週期2023/1/6130WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(二)採用補償VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(三)一條水平掃描線的掃描週期分割成兩部份，一半的掃描時間是採用正極性的驅動訊號，另一半的時間是採用負極性的驅動訊號。2023/1/6131WritebyWangC.W.VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(三)一條水平HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABL2023/1/6132WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCHorizontalCrosstalk的抑制垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)傳統驅動方式水平掃描補償波形補償之液晶畫素波形(e)(f)£GVLAB2023/1/6133WritebyWangC.W.HorizontalCrosstalk的抑制垂直驅動訊號FrameResponseofSTNLCDs2023/1/6134WritebyWangC.W.FrameResponseofSTNLCDs2023ActiveAddressingforSTNLCDs2023/1/6135WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressingforSTNLCDsActiveAddressing驅動電壓IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:F=0.730X2V=1.460V|G|=0.954X2V=21.909VOutputRangeofSegmentDriverisabout44V.CommonDriverofCommonDriverisabout3V.2023/1/6136WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressing驅動電壓IfVoff=SegmentVoltageofActiveAddressing2023/1/6137WritebyWangC.W.SegmentVoltageofActiveAddrActiveAddressing的矩陣運算列向量（Column）×＝時間（Time）行向量（Row）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVoltageMatrix2023/1/6138WritebyWangC.W.ActiveAddressing的矩陣運算列向量（Col矩陣運算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowVector時間（Time）列（Column）Time=Dtk×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）第j列RowFunctionMatrix時間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVector垂直序列運算ColumnSequential時間序列運算TimeSequential2023/1/6139WritebyWangC.W.矩陣運算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（ColuColumnSequential硬體架構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMNSTNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器2023/1/6140WritebyWangC.W.ColumnSequential硬體架構N×MTimeSequential硬體架構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMN1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數STNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片N2023/1/6141WritebyWangC.W.TimeSequential硬體架構N×MN主動矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDs2023/1/6142WritebyWangC.W.主動矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDs2023/1/644WrTFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnDriver2023/1/6143WritebyWangC.W.TFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnArrangementofColorFilterRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGWBRGW