伊丽莎白一世(英文版)课件

QueenElizabethⅠQueenElizabethⅠ

ElizabethI(7September1533–24March1603)wasQueenofEnglandandIrelandfrom17November1558untilherdeath.SometimescalledElizabethIofEngland,TheVirginQueen(童贞女王),Gloriana(荣光女王)orGoodQueenBess(英明女王),thechildlessElizabethwasthefifthandlastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.TheLadyElizabethinabout1546,byanunknownartistElizabethI(7September1☛Earlylife☞Accession☛Marriagequestion☞Achievements☛Earlylife

Elizabethwasbornat

GreenwichPalace

andwasnamedafterbothhergrandmothers,

ElizabethofYork

and

ElizabethHoward.Shewasthesecondchildof

HenryVIIIofEngland

borninwedlocktosurviveinfancy.HermotherwasHenry'ssecondwife,AnneBoleyn.Atbirth,Elizabethwasthe

heiresspresumptive

tothethroneofEngland.Herolderhalf-sister,

Mary,hadlostherpositionasalegitimateheirwhenHenryannulledhismarriagetoMary'smother,

CatherineofAragon,tomarryAnne,withtheintenttosireamaleheirandensuretheTudorsuccession.

Elizabethwasbaptisedon10September;

ArchbishopThomasCranmer,the

MarquessofExeter,the

DuchessofNorfolk

andthe

DowagerMarchionessofDorset

stoodashergodparents.EarlylifeElizabethwasbornat

Gree

WhenElizabethwastwoyearsandeightmonthsold,hermotherwasexecutedon19May1536.Elizabethwasdeclaredillegitimateanddeprivedofherplaceintheroyalsuccession.

ElevendaysafterAnneBoleyn'sdeath,Henrymarried

JaneSeymour,butshediedshortlyafterthebirthoftheirson,

PrinceEdward,in1537.Fromhisbirth,Edwardwasundisputedheirapparenttothethrone.Elizabethwasplacedinhishouseholdandcarriedthe

chrisom,orbaptismalcloth,athischristening.Elizabeth'sfirstgovernessorLadyMistress,

MargaretBryan,wrotethatshewas"astowardachildandasgentleofconditionsaseverIknewanyinmylife".

Bythetimeherformaleducationendedin1550,shewasoneofthebesteducatedwomenofhergeneration.Bytheendofherlife,Elizabethwasalsobelievedtospeak

Welsh,Cornish,

Scottish

and

Irish

inadditiontoEnglish.TheVenetianambassadorstatedin1603thatshe"possessed[these]languagessothoroughlythateachappearedtobehernativetongue".

WhenElizabethwastwoyeaOnJanuary15th,1559ElizabethwascrownedQueeninWestminsterAbbeyanddeclaredherintentionstoherCouncilandotherpeerswhohadcometoHatfieldtoswearallegiance.Thespeechcontainsthefirstrecordofheradoptionofthemediaeval

politicaltheology

ofthesovereign's"twobodies":thebodynaturalandthe

bodypolitic:Mylords,thelawofnaturemovesmetosorrowformysister;theburdenthatisfallenuponmemakesmeamazed,andyet,consideringIamGod'screature,ordainedtoobeyHisappointment,Iwilltheretoyield,desiringfromthebottomofmyheartthatImayhaveassistanceofHisgracetobetheministerofHisheavenlywillinthisofficenowcommittedtome.AndasIambutonebodynaturallyconsidered,thoughbyHispermissionabodypolitictogovern,soshallIdesireyouall

...tobeassistanttome,thatIwithmyrulingandyouwithyourservicemaymakeagoodaccounttoAlmightyGodandleavesomecomforttoourposterityonearth.Imeantodirectallmyactionsbygoodadviceandcounsel.AccessionOnJanuary15th,1559Eliz

Asher

triumphalprogress

woundthroughthecityontheeveofthe

coronation

ceremony,shewaswelcomedwholeheartedlybythecitizensandgreetedbyorationsandpageants,mostwithastrongProtestantflavour.Elizabeth'sopenandgraciousresponsesendearedhertothespectators,whowere"wonderfullyravished".

Thefollowingday,15January1559,Elizabethwascrownedandanointedby

OwenOglethorpe,theCatholic

bishopofCarlisle,in

WestminsterAbbey.Shewasthenpresentedforthepeople'sacceptance,amidstadeafeningnoiseoforgans,fifes,trumpets,drums,andbells.Asher

triumphalprogress

WestminsterAbbey

WestminsterAbbey

Duringatime,QueenElizabethIhastookmarriageintoaccount.But,ahusbandwhobelievesinCatholicismisimpossible,andahusbandwhobelievesinProtestantismwillintensifytheconflictsbetweensectsinthecourt.So,nomatterwhathertendencyis,hersituationmakesmarriageirrealizable.ShehasconsideredpickingoutahusbandamongseveralFrenchprince.ThefirstsuggestionisthetwentyyearsoldduckofOrleansHenry(HenryIIIlater),thelittlebrotheroftheFrenchkingCharlesIX.Whenthissuggestionwasrefused,shehasconsideredthemoreyoungbrotherofFrenchkingFrancois.However,theearlydeathofFrancoismakesthisplanfail.MarriagequestionDuringatime,QueenEliza

Whenshewasyoung,shewasunmarried.Shehasneverrefusedoragreedwithothers’pursuing.ShetookadvantageofherunmarriedindentitytodealwiththosecrownslikeSpanish﹑RomanEmpire﹑FranceandSwedenwithoutsinceritywhochasedheroneafteranother,andtokeeptherightbalanceinthecontinent,especiallybetweenFranceandSpanish,forobtainingthemaximalbenefitsofEngland.SheconsideredherselftobemarriedtoEngland;callingherpeople“myhusbands”.Whenshewasyoung,shewaAchievementsPolicy

Englishreligionconflictwasveryfiercelyduringthe44yearsthatElizabethruledinthefirsttwoyears,Elizabethreleasedthehighestauthoritymethod(SupremacyAct)andasingleActin1558,providingthekingalsoisthetopleaderofthechurchofEngland.AchievementsPolicyMilitaryaffairs

ElizabethencouragedpiracytowardSpanishandinvolvedthewarofindependenceofNetherlandsfightingagainstSpanish.ThisenragedSpanishkingPhilipⅡ,sohestartedawarwithEngland.Atthattime,SpanishwastheempireoftheseaandcalledhimselfSpanishArmada.Thereisagreatdisparitybetweentwosides.Thenunexpectedly,theEnglanddefeatdSpanishAmada.Afterthis,theSpanishhadasharpdeclineandtheseaoverlordstatuswasreplacedbyEngland.MilitaryaffairsCulture

TheElizabethPeriodisanveryimportantperiodduringtheBritaincultureLiterature,especiallypoetryanddramaenteredagoldenageinthisperiod.ElizabethⅠherselfworkedonwritingandtranslation,justlikeherfather.ShetranslatedHorace'sworkPOETRYbyherself.Someofherspeechesandteanslationscirculateduptonow.CultureOverallEvaluationElizabethIisthemostpopularkinginBritain'shistory.Shewasthe7thinthepublicelectionwhichwasheldbyBBCcalledTHEGREATEST100BRITAINSandexceededalltheotherkingsinthehistory.OverallEvaluationElizabetThanks!Thanks!QueenElizabethⅠQueenElizabethⅠ

ElizabethI(7September1533–24March1603)wasQueenofEnglandandIrelandfrom17November1558untilherdeath.SometimescalledElizabethIofEngland,TheVirginQueen(童贞女王),Gloriana(荣光女王)orGoodQueenBess(英明女王),thechildlessElizabethwasthefifthandlastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.TheLadyElizabethinabout1546,byanunknownartistElizabethI(7September1☛Earlylife☞Accession☛Marriagequestion☞Achievements☛Earlylife

Elizabethwasbornat

GreenwichPalace

andwasnamedafterbothhergrandmothers,

ElizabethofYork

and

ElizabethHoward.Shewasthesecondchildof

HenryVIIIofEngland

borninwedlocktosurviveinfancy.HermotherwasHenry'ssecondwife,AnneBoleyn.Atbirth,Elizabethwasthe

heiresspresumptive

tothethroneofEngland.Herolderhalf-sister,

Mary,hadlostherpositionasalegitimateheirwhenHenryannulledhismarriagetoMary'smother,

CatherineofAragon,tomarryAnne,withtheintenttosireamaleheirandensuretheTudorsuccession.

Elizabethwasbaptisedon10September;

ArchbishopThomasCranmer,the

MarquessofExeter,the

DuchessofNorfolk

andthe

DowagerMarchionessofDorset

stoodashergodparents.EarlylifeElizabethwasbornat

Gree

WhenElizabethwastwoyearsandeightmonthsold,hermotherwasexecutedon19May1536.Elizabethwasdeclaredillegitimateanddeprivedofherplaceintheroyalsuccession.

ElevendaysafterAnneBoleyn'sdeath,Henrymarried

JaneSeymour,butshediedshortlyafterthebirthoftheirson,

PrinceEdward,in1537.Fromhisbirth,Edwardwasundisputedheirapparenttothethrone.Elizabethwasplacedinhishouseholdandcarriedthe

chrisom,orbaptismalcloth,athischristening.Elizabeth'sfirstgovernessorLadyMistress,

MargaretBryan,wrotethatshewas"astowardachildandasgentleofconditionsaseverIknewanyinmylife".

Bythetimeherformaleducationendedin1550,shewasoneofthebesteducatedwomenofhergeneration.Bytheendofherlife,Elizabethwasalsobelievedtospeak

Welsh,Cornish,

Scottish

and

Irish

inadditiontoEnglish.TheVenetianambassadorstatedin1603thatshe"possessed[these]languagessothoroughlythateachappearedtobehernativetongue".

WhenElizabethwastwoyeaOnJanuary15th,1559ElizabethwascrownedQueeninWestminsterAbbeyanddeclaredherintentionstoherCouncilandotherpeerswhohadcometoHatfieldtoswearallegiance.Thespeechcontainsthefirstrecordofheradoptionofthemediaeval

politicaltheology

ofthesovereign's"twobodies":thebodynaturalandthe

bodypolitic:Mylords,thelawofnaturemovesmetosorrowformysister;theburdenthatisfallenuponmemakesmeamazed,andyet,consideringIamGod'screature,ordainedtoobeyHisappointment,Iwilltheretoyield,desiringfromthebottomofmyheartthatImayhaveassistanceofHisgracetobetheministerofHisheavenlywillinthisofficenowcommittedtome.AndasIambutonebodynaturallyconsidered,thoughbyHispermissionabodypolitictogovern,soshallIdesireyouall

...tobeassistanttome,thatIwithmyrulingandyouwithyourservicemaymakeagoodaccounttoAlmightyGodandleavesomecomforttoourposterityonearth.Imeantodirectallmyactionsbygoodadviceandcounsel.AccessionOnJanuary15th,1559Eliz

Asher

triumphalprogress

woundthroughthecityontheeveofthe

coronation

ceremony,shewaswelcomedwholeheartedlybythecitizensandgreetedbyorationsandpageants,mostwithastrongProtestantflavour.Elizabeth'sopenandgraciousresponsesendearedhertothespectators,whowere"wonderfullyravished".

Thefollowingday,15January1559,Elizabethwascrownedandanointedby

OwenOglethorpe,theCatholic

bishopofCarlisle,in

WestminsterAbbey.Shewasthenpresentedforthepeople'sacceptance,amidstadeafeningnoiseoforgans,fifes,trumpets,drums,andbells.Asher

triumphalprogress

WestminsterAbbey

WestminsterAbbey

Duringatime,QueenElizabethIhastookmarriageintoaccount.But,ahusbandwhobelievesinCatholicismisimpossible,andahusbandwhobelievesinProtestantismwillintensifytheconflictsbetweensectsinthecourt.So,nomatterwhathertendencyis,hersituationmakesmarriageirrealizable.ShehasconsideredpickingoutahusbandamongseveralFrenchprince.ThefirstsuggestionisthetwentyyearsoldduckofOrleansHenry(HenryIIIlater),thelittlebrotheroftheFrenchkingCharlesIX.Whenthissuggestionwasrefused,shehasconsideredthemoreyoungbrotherofFrenchkingFrancois.However,theearlydeathofFrancoismakesthisplanfail.MarriagequestionDuringatime,QueenEliza

Whenshewasyoung,shewasunmarried.Shehasneverrefusedoragreedwithothers’pursuing.ShetookadvantageofherunmarriedindentitytodealwiththosecrownslikeSpanish﹑RomanEmpire﹑FranceandSwedenwithoutsinceritywhochasedheroneafteranother,andtokeeptherightbalanceinthecontinent,especiallybetweenFranceandSpanish,forobtainingthemaximalbenefitsofEngland.SheconsideredherselftobemarriedtoEngland;callingherpeople“myhusbands”.Whenshewasyoung,shewaAchievementsPolicy

Englishreligionconflictwasveryfiercelyduringthe44years