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QueenElizabethⅠQueenElizabethⅠ
ElizabethI(7September1533–24March1603)wasQueenofEnglandandIrelandfrom17November1558untilherdeath.SometimescalledElizabethIofEngland,TheVirginQueen(童贞女王),Gloriana(荣光女王)orGoodQueenBess(英明女王),thechildlessElizabethwasthefifthandlastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.TheLadyElizabethinabout1546,byanunknownartistElizabethI(7September1☛Earlylife☞Accession☛Marriagequestion☞Achievements☛Earlylife
Elizabethwasbornat
GreenwichPalace
andwasnamedafterbothhergrandmothers,
ElizabethofYork
and
ElizabethHoward.Shewasthesecondchildof
HenryVIIIofEngland
borninwedlocktosurviveinfancy.HermotherwasHenry'ssecondwife,AnneBoleyn.Atbirth,Elizabethwasthe
heiresspresumptive
tothethroneofEngland.Herolderhalf-sister,
Mary,hadlostherpositionasalegitimateheirwhenHenryannulledhismarriagetoMary'smother,
CatherineofAragon,tomarryAnne,withtheintenttosireamaleheirandensuretheTudorsuccession.
Elizabethwasbaptisedon10September;
ArchbishopThomasCranmer,the
MarquessofExeter,the
DuchessofNorfolk
andthe
DowagerMarchionessofDorset
stoodashergodparents.EarlylifeElizabethwasbornat
Gree
WhenElizabethwastwoyearsandeightmonthsold,hermotherwasexecutedon19May1536.Elizabethwasdeclaredillegitimateanddeprivedofherplaceintheroyalsuccession.
ElevendaysafterAnneBoleyn'sdeath,Henrymarried
JaneSeymour,butshediedshortlyafterthebirthoftheirson,
PrinceEdward,in1537.Fromhisbirth,Edwardwasundisputedheirapparenttothethrone.Elizabethwasplacedinhishouseholdandcarriedthe
chrisom,orbaptismalcloth,athischristening.Elizabeth'sfirstgovernessorLadyMistress,
MargaretBryan,wrotethatshewas"astowardachildandasgentleofconditionsaseverIknewanyinmylife".
Bythetimeherformaleducationendedin1550,shewasoneofthebesteducatedwomenofhergeneration.Bytheendofherlife,Elizabethwasalsobelievedtospeak
Welsh,Cornish,
Scottish
and
Irish
inadditiontoEnglish.TheVenetianambassadorstatedin1603thatshe"possessed[these]languagessothoroughlythateachappearedtobehernativetongue".
WhenElizabethwastwoyeaOnJanuary15th,1559ElizabethwascrownedQueeninWestminsterAbbeyanddeclaredherintentionstoherCouncilandotherpeerswhohadcometoHatfieldtoswearallegiance.Thespeechcontainsthefirstrecordofheradoptionofthemediaeval
politicaltheology
ofthesovereign's"twobodies":thebodynaturalandthe
bodypolitic:Mylords,thelawofnaturemovesmetosorrowformysister;theburdenthatisfallenuponmemakesmeamazed,andyet,consideringIamGod'screature,ordainedtoobeyHisappointment,Iwilltheretoyield,desiringfromthebottomofmyheartthatImayhaveassistanceofHisgracetobetheministerofHisheavenlywillinthisofficenowcommittedtome.AndasIambutonebodynaturallyconsidered,thoughbyHispermissionabodypolitictogovern,soshallIdesireyouall
...tobeassistanttome,thatIwithmyrulingandyouwithyourservicemaymakeagoodaccounttoAlmightyGodandleavesomecomforttoourposterityonearth.Imeantodirectallmyactionsbygoodadviceandcounsel.AccessionOnJanuary15th,1559Eliz
Asher
triumphalprogress
woundthroughthecityontheeveofthe
coronation
ceremony,shewaswelcomedwholeheartedlybythecitizensandgreetedbyorationsandpageants,mostwithastrongProtestantflavour.Elizabeth'sopenandgraciousresponsesendearedhertothespectators,whowere"wonderfullyravished".
Thefollowingday,15January1559,Elizabethwascrownedandanointedby
OwenOglethorpe,theCatholic
bishopofCarlisle,in
WestminsterAbbey.Shewasthenpresentedforthepeople'sacceptance,amidstadeafeningnoiseoforgans,fifes,trumpets,drums,andbells.Asher
triumphalprogress
WestminsterAbbey
WestminsterAbbey
Duringatime,QueenElizabethIhastookmarriageintoaccount.But,ahusbandwhobelievesinCatholicismisimpossible,andahusbandwhobelievesinProtestantismwillintensifytheconflictsbetweensectsinthecourt.So,nomatterwhathertendencyis,hersituationmakesmarriageirrealizable.ShehasconsideredpickingoutahusbandamongseveralFrenchprince.ThefirstsuggestionisthetwentyyearsoldduckofOrleansHenry(HenryIIIlater),thelittlebrotheroftheFrenchkingCharlesIX.Whenthissuggestionwasrefused,shehasconsideredthemoreyoungbrotherofFrenchkingFrancois.However,theearlydeathofFrancoismakesthisplanfail.MarriagequestionDuringatime,QueenEliza
Whenshewasyoung,shewasunmarried.Shehasneverrefusedoragreedwithothers’pursuing.ShetookadvantageofherunmarriedindentitytodealwiththosecrownslikeSpanish﹑RomanEmpire﹑FranceandSwedenwithoutsinceritywhochasedheroneafteranother,andtokeeptherightbalanceinthecontinent,especiallybetweenFranceandSpanish,forobtainingthemaximalbenefitsofEngland.SheconsideredherselftobemarriedtoEngland;callingherpeople“myhusbands”.Whenshewasyoung,shewaAchievementsPolicy
Englishreligionconflictwasveryfiercelyduringthe44yearsthatElizabethruledinthefirsttwoyears,Elizabethreleasedthehighestauthoritymethod(SupremacyAct)andasingleActin1558,providingthekingalsoisthetopleaderofthechurchofEngland.AchievementsPolicyMilitaryaffairs
ElizabethencouragedpiracytowardSpanishandinvolvedthewarofindependenceofNetherlandsfightingagainstSpanish.ThisenragedSpanishkingPhilipⅡ,sohestartedawarwithEngland.Atthattime,SpanishwastheempireoftheseaandcalledhimselfSpanishArmada.Thereisagreatdisparitybetweentwosides.Thenunexpectedly,theEnglanddefeatdSpanishAmada.Afterthis,theSpanishhadasharpdeclineandtheseaoverlordstatuswasreplacedbyEngland.MilitaryaffairsCulture
TheElizabethPeriodisanveryimportantperiodduringtheBritaincultureLiterature,especiallypoetryanddramaenteredagoldenageinthisperiod.ElizabethⅠherselfworkedonwritingandtranslation,justlikeherfather.ShetranslatedHorace'sworkPOETRYbyherself.Someofherspeechesandteanslationscirculateduptonow.CultureOverallEvaluationElizabethIisthemostpopularkinginBritain'shistory.Shewasthe7thinthepublicelectionwhichwasheldbyBBCcalledTHEGREATEST100BRITAINSandexceededalltheotherkingsinthehistory.OverallEvaluationElizabetThanks!Thanks!QueenElizabethⅠQueenElizabethⅠ
ElizabethI(7September1533–24March1603)wasQueenofEnglandandIrelandfrom17November1558untilherdeath.SometimescalledElizabethIofEngland,TheVirginQueen(童贞女王),Gloriana(荣光女王)orGoodQueenBess(英明女王),thechildlessElizabethwasthefifthandlastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.TheLadyElizabethinabout1546,byanunknownartistElizabethI(7September1☛Earlylife☞Accession☛Marriagequestion☞Achievements☛Earlylife
Elizabethwasbornat
GreenwichPalace
andwasnamedafterbothhergrandmothers,
ElizabethofYork
and
ElizabethHoward.Shewasthesecondchildof
HenryVIIIofEngland
borninwedlocktosurviveinfancy.HermotherwasHenry'ssecondwife,AnneBoleyn.Atbirth,Elizabethwasthe
heiresspresumptive
tothethroneofEngland.Herolderhalf-sister,
Mary,hadlostherpositionasalegitimateheirwhenHenryannulledhismarriagetoMary'smother,
CatherineofAragon,tomarryAnne,withtheintenttosireamaleheirandensuretheTudorsuccession.
Elizabethwasbaptisedon10September;
ArchbishopThomasCranmer,the
MarquessofExeter,the
DuchessofNorfolk
andthe
DowagerMarchionessofDorset
stoodashergodparents.EarlylifeElizabethwasbornat
Gree
WhenElizabethwastwoyearsandeightmonthsold,hermotherwasexecutedon19May1536.Elizabethwasdeclaredillegitimateanddeprivedofherplaceintheroyalsuccession.
ElevendaysafterAnneBoleyn'sdeath,Henrymarried
JaneSeymour,butshediedshortlyafterthebirthoftheirson,
PrinceEdward,in1537.Fromhisbirth,Edwardwasundisputedheirapparenttothethrone.Elizabethwasplacedinhishouseholdandcarriedthe
chrisom,orbaptismalcloth,athischristening.Elizabeth'sfirstgovernessorLadyMistress,
MargaretBryan,wrotethatshewas"astowardachildandasgentleofconditionsaseverIknewanyinmylife".
Bythetimeherformaleducationendedin1550,shewasoneofthebesteducatedwomenofhergeneration.Bytheendofherlife,Elizabethwasalsobelievedtospeak
Welsh,Cornish,
Scottish
and
Irish
inadditiontoEnglish.TheVenetianambassadorstatedin1603thatshe"possessed[these]languagessothoroughlythateachappearedtobehernativetongue".
WhenElizabethwastwoyeaOnJanuary15th,1559ElizabethwascrownedQueeninWestminsterAbbeyanddeclaredherintentionstoherCouncilandotherpeerswhohadcometoHatfieldtoswearallegiance.Thespeechcontainsthefirstrecordofheradoptionofthemediaeval
politicaltheology
ofthesovereign's"twobodies":thebodynaturalandthe
bodypolitic:Mylords,thelawofnaturemovesmetosorrowformysister;theburdenthatisfallenuponmemakesmeamazed,andyet,consideringIamGod'screature,ordainedtoobeyHisappointment,Iwilltheretoyield,desiringfromthebottomofmyheartthatImayhaveassistanceofHisgracetobetheministerofHisheavenlywillinthisofficenowcommittedtome.AndasIambutonebodynaturallyconsidered,thoughbyHispermissionabodypolitictogovern,soshallIdesireyouall
...tobeassistanttome,thatIwithmyrulingandyouwithyourservicemaymakeagoodaccounttoAlmightyGodandleavesomecomforttoourposterityonearth.Imeantodirectallmyactionsbygoodadviceandcounsel.AccessionOnJanuary15th,1559Eliz
Asher
triumphalprogress
woundthroughthecityontheeveofthe
coronation
ceremony,shewaswelcomedwholeheartedlybythecitizensandgreetedbyorationsandpageants,mostwithastrongProtestantflavour.Elizabeth'sopenandgraciousresponsesendearedhertothespectators,whowere"wonderfullyravished".
Thefollowingday,15January1559,Elizabethwascrownedandanointedby
OwenOglethorpe,theCatholic
bishopofCarlisle,in
WestminsterAbbey.Shewasthenpresentedforthepeople'sacceptance,amidstadeafeningnoiseoforgans,fifes,trumpets,drums,andbells.Asher
triumphalprogress
WestminsterAbbey
WestminsterAbbey
Duringatime,QueenElizabethIhastookmarriageintoaccount.But,ahusbandwhobelievesinCatholicismisimpossible,andahusbandwhobelievesinProtestantismwillintensifytheconflictsbetweensectsinthecourt.So,nomatterwhathertendencyis,hersituationmakesmarriageirrealizable.ShehasconsideredpickingoutahusbandamongseveralFrenchprince.ThefirstsuggestionisthetwentyyearsoldduckofOrleansHenry(HenryIIIlater),thelittlebrotheroftheFrenchkingCharlesIX.Whenthissuggestionwasrefused,shehasconsideredthemoreyoungbrotherofFrenchkingFrancois.However,theearlydeathofFrancoismakesthisplanfail.MarriagequestionDuringatime,QueenEliza
Whenshewasyoung,shewasunmarried.Shehasneverrefusedoragreedwithothers’pursuing.ShetookadvantageofherunmarriedindentitytodealwiththosecrownslikeSpanish﹑RomanEmpire﹑FranceandSwedenwithoutsinceritywhochasedheroneafteranother,andtokeeptherightbalanceinthecontinent,especiallybetweenFranceandSpanish,forobtainingthemaximalbenefitsofEngland.SheconsideredherselftobemarriedtoEngland;callingherpeople“myhusbands”.Whenshewasyoung,shewaAchievementsPolicy
Englishreligionconflictwasveryfiercelyduringthe44years
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