国内外土壤环境质量课件

国内外土壤环境质量标准概要四川省环境保护科学研究院傅尧信2009,4,10国内外土壤环境质量标准概要四川省环境保护科学研究院11.国外土壤环境质量标准体系2.国内土壤环境质量标准概要3.土壤修复相关标准1.国外土壤环境质量标准体系2国外土壤环境质量标准体系国外土壤环境质量标准体系3目录国外土壤环境质量标准概况美国土壤环境质量标准体系荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系加拿大土壤环境质量标准澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准其它国家土壤环境质量标准目录国外土壤环境质量标准概况4国外土壤环境质量标准概况保护对象的多样性暴露方式的多样性标准的多样性国外土壤环境质量标准概况保护对象的多样性5保护对象的多样性人体健康生态系统

植物农作物其它植物

野生动物哺乳类动物鸟类

无脊椎动物生物过程地下水保护对象的多样性人体健康6暴露方式的多样性皮肤接触直接摄入间接摄入呼吸吸入地下水饮用暴露方式的多样性皮肤接触7标准的多样性通用标准按土地用途分类标准按暴露方式分类标准土地修复污染物清除标准的多样性通用标准8标准值设定示意图

concentrationScreeningRiskAssessmentNegligibleriskWarningriskUnacceptableriskLongtermobjectivese.g.TargetvaluesFurtherinvestigatione.g.TriggervalueNerventionvalues标准值设定示意图9欧洲国家标准设定级别countries可忽略风险警示风险不可接受风险ScreeningRAScreening

RA

Screening

RASite-specificRAATTriggerValuesIntervent.valuesNLTargetvalueIntervent.valuesITLimitvalueBE-FLbackgroundFurtherinvensti.Cleanupstan.BE-wReferen.valuetriggervalueIntervent.valuesCZLongtermob.FurtherinvenstiremediationDKSoilqualitycrit.Cut-offvaluesDETriggervaluesActionlevels欧洲国家标准设定级别countries可忽略风险警示风险10金属的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克As12302929Ba600160500Be50.043Cd00.8Cr34130100130Cr(Ⅵ)2.5Hg0.0Pb25808585Ni24603535金属的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克11有机物的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克苯0.10.030.01乙苯0.10.040.0021甲苯0.10.030.0007二甲苯0.20.030.0007萘0.050.01蒽0.10.1苯并芘0.010.10.1三氯乙烯0.10.01PCB0.020.02有机物的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克12金属的警示值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克德国斯洛伐克瑞典

As204065503015Be1520

Cd23102051Cr50125450400250250Cr(Ⅵ)4.215Hg292.52025

Pb100195250400150300Ni70150180140100150Zn2301500500700金属的警示值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克德国斯洛13金属的行动干预值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克

As50300705550Ba10006252000Be203030

Cd1030201220Cr250520500380800Hg1056101010

Pb500700300530600Ni140300250210500Zn71025007203000金属的行动干预值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐14美国土壤环境质量标准体系1.美国国家土壤环境质量标准体系的组成:通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)人体健康土壤筛选值土壤放射性核素筛选值2.美国区系(region)土壤环境质量标准体系3.美国各州的土壤环境质量标准体系美国土壤环境质量标准体系1.美国国家土壤环境质量标15美国土壤环境质量标准体系的特点科学性系统性完整性互补性美国土壤环境质量标准体系的特点科学性16通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)genericSSLsfor110chemicals.GenericSSLs

ThegenericSSLsarenotnecessarilyprotectiveofallknownhumanexposurepathways,reasonablelanduses,orecologicalthreats.

GenericSSLsarepresentedseparatelyformajorpathwaysofconcerninbothsurfaceandsubsurfacesoils.通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)genericS17通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(Inorganics)CASNo.

Compound

Ingestion(mg/kg)

InhalationFugitiveparticulate

(mg/kg)

Migrationtogroundwater20DAF1DAF

(mg/kg)(mg/kg)7440-36-0AntimonySb31---50.37440-38-2ArsenicAs0.47502917440-39-3BariumBa55006.9E﹢051600827440-41-7BerylliumBe0.113006337440-43-9CadmiumCd78180080.47440-47-3Chromium(total)39027038216065-83-1Chromium(III)78000---------18540-29-9Chromium(VI)390270382通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(Inorganics1857-12-5Cyanide1600---4027439-92-1LeadPb400---------7440-02-0NickelNi16001300013077782-49-2Selenium390---50.37440-22-4SilverAg390---3427440-28-0Thallium------0.70.047440-62-2Vanadium550---60003007440-66-6ZincZn23000---1200062057-12-5Cyanide1600---4027439-919通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(organics)CASNo.

Compound

Ingestion(mg/kg)

Inhalation

volatiles

(mg/kg)

Migrationtogroundwater20DAF1DAF

(mg/kg)(mg/kg)67-64-1acetone78001.0E﹢05160.8309-00-2aldrin0.0430.50.0271-43-2benzene220.80.030.00265-85-0Benzoicacid3.1E﹢05---4002075-25-2bromoform81530.80.0471-36-3butanol780010000170.967-66-3chloroform100372-54-8DDD3---160.872-55-9DDE2---54350-29-3DDT2---3221336-36-3PCBs1---------108-95-2Phenol47000---1005通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(organics)20生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)

（mg/kg土壤干重）

序号金属和有机污染物植物土壤无脊椎动物野生动物鸟类哺乳动物1镉Cd321400.770.362铬Cr--CrⅢ-26CrⅥ-无CrⅢ-34CrⅥ-1303钴Co13-1202304铜Cu708028495铅Pb120170011566锰Mn220450430040007镍Ni382802101308硒Se0.539银Ag560-4.21410钒V--7.8280生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)（mg/kg土壤干重）21续上表11锌Zn160120467912锑Sb-78-0.2713砷As18-434614钡Ba-330-200015铋Be-40-2116DDT(包括代谢物)--0.0930.02117狄氏剂--0.0220.004918PAH低分子量-29-100高分子量-18-1.119五氯苯酚5.0312.12.8续上表11锌Zn160120467912锑Sb-7822人体健康土壤筛选值

居住区土壤筛选值（mg/kg）

污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.0430.50.02DDT2-322狄氏剂0.0410.0040.0002锑Sb31-50.3砷As0.4-291钡Ba5500-160082铋Be160-633镉Cd70-80.4铬（总量）230-382铬Cr-Ⅲ120000---铬Cr-Ⅵ230-382汞Hg1600-20.1镍Ni23101307硒Se1600-50.3银Ag390-342铊TI390-0.70.04钒V6-6000300锌Zn550-12000620人体健康土壤筛选值

居住区土壤筛选值（mg/kg）23

商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室外作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）

污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.260.50.02DDT8-322狄氏剂0.220.0040.0002锑Sb450-50.3砷As2-291钡Ba79000-160082铋Be2300-633镉Cd900-80.4铬（总量）3400-382铬Cr-Ⅲ1000000---铬Cr-Ⅵ3400-382汞Hg3401420.1镍Ni23000-1307硒Se5700-50.3银Ag5700-342铊TI91-0.70.04钒V7900-6000300锌Zn340000-12000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室外作业人员为受体）（mg/k24商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室内作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）

污染物摄入-皮肤接触地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂2DDT17322狄氏剂0.40.0040.0002锑Sb82050.3砷As4291钡Ba140000160082铋Be4100633镉Cd200080.4铬（总量）6100382铬Cr-Ⅲ1000000--铬Cr-Ⅵ6100382汞Hg61020.1镍Ni410001307硒Se1000050.3银Ag10000342铊TI1600.70.04钒V140006000300锌Zn61000012000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室内作业人员为受体）（mg/kg25美国土壤筛选值的制定方法

通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)制定方法

生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)制定方法

人体健康土壤筛选值制定方法美国土壤筛选值的制定方法26确定土壤筛选值(SSLs)的一般步骤Developingaconceptualsitemodel(CSM)ComparingtheCSMtotheSSLscenarioDefiningdatacollectionneedsSamplingandanalyzingsoilsatsiteCalculatingsite-specificSSLsComparingsitesoilcontaminantconcentrationstocalculatedSSLsDeterminingwhichareasofthesiterequirefurtherstudy.确定土壤筛选值(SSLs)的一般步骤27SSLEquations--SurfaceSoilsEquation1:ScreeningLevelEquationforIngestionofNoncarcinogenicContaminantsinResidentialSoilScreeningLevel(mg/kg)=THQ×BW×AT×365d∕1/RfDo×10-6kg/mg×EF×ED×IRParameter/Definition(units)DefaultTHQ/targethazardquotient

(unitless)1BW/bodyweight

(kg)

15AT/averagingtime(yr)6RfDo/oralreferencedose(mg/kg-d)chemical-specificEF/exposurefrequency(d/yr)350ED/exposureduration(yr)6IR/soilingestionrate(mg/d)200SSLEquations--SurfaceSoils28Equation2:ScreeningLevelEquationfor

IngestionofCarcinogenicContaminants

inResidentialSoilScreeningLevel(mg/kg)=TR×AT×365d∕SFo×10-6kg/mg×EF×IFsoil/adjParameter/Definition(units)DefaultTR/targetcancerrisk(unitless)10-6AT/averagingtime(yr)70SFo/oralslopefactor(mg/kg-d)-1chemical-specificEF/exposurefrequency(d/yr)350IFsoil/adj/age-adjustedsoilingestionfactor(mg-yr/kg-d)114Equation2:ScreeningLevelEq29确定生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)的步骤

TheGeneralProcessforEstablishingEco-SSLsStep1:LiteratureSearchStep2:DetermineAcceptabilityofStudyforUseinDerivingEco-SSLStep3:Extract,EvaluateandScoreDataStep4:SelectValue确定生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)的步骤TheG30影响土壤污染物生物获取率的土壤参数

KeySoilParametersAffectingContaminantBioavailabilityinSoilsSoilpH.CationandAnionExchangeCapacities.ClayMinerals（Clays,bydefinition,aresoilparticleslessthan2micronsinsize）OrganicMatter(OrganicCarbon)Content.影响土壤污染物生物获取率的土壤参数KeySoilP31植物对部分金属的吸收率与土壤条件的关系(Al,Sb,Ba,Be,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Ag,Zn)

土壤pH

土壤有机质含量﹤2﹪2to﹤6﹪6to10﹪4≦pH

≦5.5很高高中5.5﹤pH﹤7高中低7≦pH

≦8.5中低很低植物对部分金属的吸收率与土壤条件的关系(Al,Sb,Ba,B32植物对部分金属的吸收率与土壤条件的关系(As,Cr,Se,V)

土壤pH

土壤有机质含量﹤2﹪2to﹤6﹪6to10﹪4≦pH

≦5.5中低很低5.5﹤pH﹤7高中低7≦pH

≦8.5很高高中植物对部分金属的吸收率与土壤条件的关系(As,Cr,Se,V33部分有机物的可获取率与土壤条件的关系(PCB,DDT,PAHs,TNT,狄氏剂)(㏒Kow-辛醇-水分配系数)土壤pH㏒Kow有机质含量(％)﹤22to﹤66to104≦pH

≦5.5㏒Kow﹥3.5高中低㏒Kow﹤3.5很高高中5.5﹤pH﹤7㏒Kow﹥3.5中低低㏒Kow﹤3.5高中低7≦pH

≦8.5㏒Kow﹥3.5低低低㏒Kow﹤3.5中低低部分有机物的可获取率与土壤条件的关系(PCB,DDT,PAH34美国区系(region)土壤环境质量标准体系Region9

PreliminaryRemediationGoals(PRGs)Region4

EcologicalScreeningValuesRegion6HumanHealthMedium-SpecificScreeningLevelsRegion3

Risk-BasedConcentration

(RBC)

美国区系(region)土壤环境质量标准体系Region935美国各州的土壤环境质量标准体系

OregonScreeningLevelValuesforEcologicalRiskAssessmentCaliforniaHumanHealthScreeningLevelsforSoilMassachusettsHumanExposureCategories:S-1,S-2ANDS-3Florida

SoilCleanupTargetLevels(CTLs)美国各州的土壤环境质量标准体系

Oregon36Oregon生态风险评价筛选值污染物植物无脊椎动物鸟类哺乳动物铝Al50600450107锑Sb515砷AsⅢ10601029钡Ba500300085638铍Be1083铋Bi20硼B0.5201203500溴Br10镉Cd4206125Oregon生态风险评价筛选值污染物植物无脊椎动物37续上表钙Ca铬CrⅢ10.44340000铬CrⅥ410钴Co201000150铜Cu10050190390铁Fe10200碘I4镧La50铅Pb50500164000锂Li2101175镁Mg锰Mn500100412511000续上表钙Ca铬CrⅢ10.438续上表汞Hg73钼Mo22001514镍Ni30200320625铌Nb9钾K硒Se170225银Ag250钠Na锶Sr32875锝Te0.2碲Th2铊Tl11续上表汞Hg39续上表锡Sn502000钛Ti1000钨W400铀U565170钒V24725锌Zn502006020000锆Zr97续上表锡Sn502000钛Ti140

荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系

RIVM

—

NationalinstituteofpublichealthandEnvironment荷兰公共卫生与环境国家研究院的简称VROM—Ministryofhousing,spatialplanningandtheEnvironment荷兰住房及规划和环境部

荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系

RIVM

—

Nationa41荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系中的重要概念Targetvalues目标值Thetargetvaluesindicatethelevelatwhichthereisasustainablesoilquality.targetvaluesindicatethelevelthathastobeachievedtofullyrecoverthefunctionalpropertiesofthesoilforhumansandplantandanimallife.Besidesthisthetargetvaluesgiveanindicationofthebenchmarkforenvironmentalqualityinthelongtermontheassumptionofnegligibleriskstotheecosystem.Soilremediationinterventionvalues土壤修复干预值Thesoilremediationinterventionvaluesindicatewhenthefunctionalpropertiesofthesoilforhumans,plantandanimallife,isseriouslyimpairedorthreatened.Theyarerepresentativeofthelevelofcontaminationabovewhichthereisaseriouscaseofsoilcontamination.Indicativelevelsforseriouscontamination严重污染警示值TheRIVM’sproposalsforinterventionvalueshavenotresultedininterventionvaluesbeingsetforanumberofsubstances.Theso-calledindicativelevelsforseriouscontaminationhavebeengivenforthesesubstances.Indicativelevelshavebeensetforsubstancesinthesecond,thirdandfourthseries.Noindicativelevelshavebeensetforthefirstseriesofsubstances.荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系中的重要概念Targetvalue42Maximumpermissibleconcentration(MPC)最大允许浓度:

Thesumofthemaximumpermissibleaddition(MPA)andthebackgroundconcentration(Cb)

MPC＝MPA﹢CbNegligibleconcentration(NC)可忽略浓度:

ThesumofthebackgroundconcentrationCbandthenegligibleaddition(NA),or,

TheNCisderivedfromtheMPCbydividingitby100

NC＝NA﹢CbNegligibleaddition(NA)

可忽略增加:

NAisderivedbydividingtheMPAby100ecotoxicologicalseriousriskconcentration(SRCECO)严重生态风险浓度

ecotoxicologicalseriousriskaddition(SRAECO)严重生态风险增加Maximumpermissibleconcentrat43RIVM提出的九个微量元素的各项标准ElementSymbolCb[mg.kg-1]NA[mg.kg-1]NC[mg.kg-1]MPA[mg.kg-1]MPC[mg.kg-1]SRAECO[mg.kg-1]SRCECO[mg.kg-1]berylliumBe1.10.00431.10.4vanadiumv420.00032420.032422567CobaltCo90.00239.00.239.21524seleniumSe0.70.0000580.700.00580.711.21.9molybdenumMo0.50.00760.510.761.3270270tinSn190.00068190.06819250270antimonySb3------------5154bariumBa1550.0821608.2160210360thalliumTi1.00.0011.02.0RIVM提出的九个微量元素的各项标准ElementSymbo44

Targetvaluesandsoilremediationinterventionvaluesandbackgroundconcentrationsformetals(

VROM)

Valuesforsoilhavebeenexpressedastheconcentration

inastandardsoil(10%organicmatterand25%clay).

MetalsSoil

(mg/kgdrymatter)NationalbackgroundconcentrationTargetvalueInterventionvalueSb3315As292955Ba160160625Cd0.80.812Cr100100380Co99240Cu3636190

Targetvaluesandsoilreme45续上表Hg0.30.310Pb8585530Mo0.53200Ni3535210Zn140140720续上表Hg0.30.310Pb8585530Mo0.532046加拿大土壤环境质量标准体系

CanadianSoilQualityGuidelines

土壤质量指导值

forfourlandusecategories:Agricultural农业用地:wheretheprimarylanduseisgrowingcropsortendinglivestock.Thisalsoincludesagriculturallandsthatprovidehabitatforresidentandtransitorywildlifeandnativeflora.主要用于作物栽培和放养家畜,包括野生动植物栖息地Residential/Parkland居住/公共用地:wheretheprimaryactivityisresidentialorrecreationalactivity;parklandisdefinedasabufferbetweenareasofresidency,andalsoincludescampgroundareas,butexcludeswildlandssuchasnationalorprovincialparks.居住和娱乐活动用地,居住区之间的缓冲区,露营地,但不包括国家公园的荒地Commercial商业用地:wheretheprimaryactivityiscommercial(e.g.,shoppingmall)andnotresidentialormanufacturing.Thisdoesnotincludezoneswherefoodisgrown.Industrial工业用地:wheretheprimaryactivityinvolvestheproduction,manufacture,orconstructionofgoods.加拿大土壤环境质量标准体系47Twogenericsoiltypes

coarse-texturedsoils(soilscontainingpredominantlysandandgravelsizes)fine-texturedsoils(soilscontainingpredominantlysiltandclaysizes).Thecriteriondistinguishingthetwocategoriesisamediangrainsizeof75microns.Twogenericsoiltypes48CanadianSoilQualityGuidelines

(mg·kg-1).

Substance

AgriculturalResidential/parkland*

CommercialIndustrial

Coarse

FineCoarse

Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Arsenic

12121212Barium

75050020002000Cadmium

1.4102222lead70140260600DDT0.70.71212nickel50505050

BenzeneSurfaceSubsoil

0.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.0068CanadianSoilQualityGuidelin49澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准体系SoilInvestigationlevel土壤调查值

HealthInvestigationlevel

土壤健康调查值

substacex＝backgroundexpossures＋amountofsubstanceabsorbedfromsoil＝BE＋(Sing×Cing×Bing＋Sinh×

Cinh×

Binh

＋Sskin×Cskin×Bskin)

BE:

backgroundexpossures(eg.Fromfoodandwater)

Sing:amountofsoilingestedSskin:amountofsoilonskinEcologicalInvestigationlevel土壤生态调查值

proposedpercentageofspeciesandprocessesfordifferentlanduses;landusestandard%protectionresidential80urbanparkland80ruralparkland80commercial60industrial60agricultural95＋澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准体系SoilInvestigati50SoilInvestigation

level(mg/kg)

australia)substancesHealthinvestigationlevels(HILs)Ecologicalinvestigationlevels(EILs)BackgroundrangesABCDEFInteriumurbanAs100400200500201-50Be208040100Cd20804010031Co1004002005001-40Pb300120060015006002-200Mn1500600030007500500850Ni60024006003000605-500DDT＋DDD＋DDE2008004001000PCBs10402050SoilInvestigationlevel(mg/kg51瑞典土壤环境质量标准

genericguidelinevalues按土地敏感程度,guidelinevalues分为三类:敏感土地(sensitivelanduse)较不敏感土地＋地下水保护(lesssensitivelanduse,groundwaterprotection)较不敏感土地(lesssensitivelanduse)按污染程度评价分类Notveryserious＜guidelinevaluesModeratelyserious1-3×guidelinevaluesSerious3-10×guidelinevaluesVeryserious＞10×guidelinevalues

＋瑞典土壤环境质量标准

genericguidelinev52巴西圣保罗州土壤环境质量标准(1)qualityreferencevalue,indicatingthequalitylevelofasoilconsideredascleansoil,generallyassociatedwiththenaturalconcentrationoftheelementofinterest;(2)preventingvalue,abovewhichharmfulchangesinthesoilqualitymayoccur;and(3)interventionvalue,abovewhichpotentialriskstothehumanhealthexist,consideringagenericexposurescenario.ThemodelusedbyCETESBtoobtainthesevalueswasbasedonthatdevelopedbytheNetherlandsNationalInstituteofPublicHealthandEnvironment巴西圣保罗州土壤环境质量标准(1)qualityrefe53德国土壤环境质量标准中的特色1.三级设定:Precautionlevels预防值Triggerlevels启动值Actionlevels行动值2.污染途径(Pathway):

Soil—humanbeings(directcontact)土壤—人体直接接触Soil---plants(transfer)土壤---植物转移Soil---groundwater土壤---地下水3.土壤用途:Agriculture农业Gardening园地Greenland绿地

德国土壤环境质量标准中的特色1.三级设定:544.acceptableadditionalannualloadofhazadoussubstances有害物质可接受年负荷cadmium6(g/ha*a)lead400chromium300copper3604.acceptableadditionalannual55国内土壤环境质量标准1.国家土壤环境质量标准GB15618-1995污染物10项,其中无机物8项,2.展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准(暂行)HJ350-2007污染物92项,其中无机物14项,分级:A级:目标值B级:修复行动值3.环保部环发[2008]39号文件<<全国土壤污染状况评价技术规定>>.在土壤环境质量评价标准值中,无机物12项,有机物4项.国内土壤环境质量标准1.国家土壤环境质量标准GB15564.食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准(HJ332-2006)其中土壤环境质量评价指标限值与国标一致.温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准

(HJ333-2006)

温室土壤环境质量评价指标限值与国标基本一致,略有调整.6.拟开放场址土壤中剩余放射性可接受水平规定（暂行）(HJ53-2000)7.

工业企业土壤环境质量风险评价基准(HJ/T25—1999)有机物30项.基准严重偏高,如苯:1640mg/Kg,美国.12mg/Kg

国内外土壤环境质量57土壤修复相关标准待修复土壤判断标准修复土壤行为标准修复土壤验收标准土壤修复相关标准待修复土壤判断标准58待修复土壤判断标准国内标准:展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准

修复行动值国外标准:荷兰国家标准

Interventionvalues干预值

待修复土壤判断标准国内标准:展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准59土壤污染、风险及行动程度关系示意图参照值

启动值干预值

无须行动土壤浓度风险

修复行动

调查或修复未污染可视作未污染已污染土壤污染、风险及行动程度关系示意图参照值启动值干预值60待修复土壤判断标准比较污染物

国标(三级)

展会标荷兰

美国GssL(摄入)

Cd1.0221270

Pb500600530400

As3080550.4

Hg1.5501023

Zn500150072023000DDT1.0------2Benzene---13

1.0

12待修复土壤判断标准比较污染物国标(三级)展会标61修复土壤行为标准EPA:GreenCleanupStandardInitiative

1.EnergyUseandEfficiency能源利用和效率2.WaterUseandEfficiency水利用和效率3.AirQuality空气质量4.LandandEcosystemsEnhancements土地和生态系统强化5.MaterialConsumptionandWasteGeneration材料消耗和废物生成6.Long-TermStewardship长期管理修复土壤行为标准EPA:GreenCleanupStan62ASTME1739,石油污染清除行动标准指南StandardGuideforRisk-BasedCorrectiveActionAppliedatPetroleumReleaseSites.ASTME1689,开发概念站点模型标准指南StandardGuideforDevelopingConceptualSiteModelsforContaminatedSites.ASTME978,评价化学物质环境变迁数学模型标准StandardPracticeforEvaluatingMathematicalModelsfortheEnvironmentalFateofChemicals.ASTME1739,石油污染清除行动标准指南63修复土壤验收标准Region9PreliminaryRemediationGoals(PRGs)FloridaSoilCleanupTargetLevels(CTLs)Region3Risk-BasedConcentration

(RBC)EPAPreliminaryRemediationGoalsforRadionuclides

修复土壤验收标准Region964Region9土壤初级修复目标值(PRGs)

(约550项)直接接触居住用地工业用地As0,391.6Cd37450Pb400800苯0.641.4DDT1.77.0Region9土壤初级修复目标值(PRGs)

(约550项)65Arizonastates

SoilRemediationLevels(SRLs)CONTAMINANTResidential

(mg/kg)Non-residential

(mg/kg)CarcinogenNon-

carcinogen10-6Risk10-5RiskArsenicAs10101010CadmiumCd

andcompounds

39510LeadPb

400800MercuryHg

andcompounds

23310DDT2.020

70Benzene0.65NA

1.4Arizonastates

SoilRemediati66Coloradostate

SoilCleanupTableValueStandards

[mg/kg]ChemicalResidentialCommercialIndustrialGroundwaterbenzene0.63.592.420.17DDT0.582.532.21000PCBs0.070.30.271000Cd99.51052.466940.46NAPb40029201460NAHg17.661760.53137.07NAColoradostate

SoilCleanupTa67EPA土壤修复目标值(PRGs)的计算方法

RESIDENTIALSOIL–CARCINOGENICEFFECTS

EPA土壤修复目标值(PRGs)的计算方法RESI68ParametersDefinition(units)DefaultValueCchemicalconcentrationinsoil(mg/kg)—TRtargetexcessindividuallifetimecancerrisk(unitless)10-6SFOoralcancerslopefactor((mg/kg-day)-l)chemical-specificATaveragingtime(yr)70yrEFexposurefrequency(days/yr)350days/yrIFsoil/adj

age-adjustedingestionfactor(mg-yr/kg-day)114mg-yr/kg-dayParametersDefinitio69COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALSOIL–CARCINOGENICEFFECTSCOMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALSOIL–C70Parameters

definition(units)DefaultValueCchemicalconcentrationinsoil(mg/kg)TRtargetexcessindividuallifetimecancerrisk(unitless)10-6SFiinhalationcancerslopefactor((mg/kg-day)-1)chemical-specificSFOoralcancerslopefactor((mg/kg-day)-l)chemical-specificBWadultbodyweight(kg)70KgATaveragingtime(yr)70yrEFexposurefrequency(days/yr)250days/yrEDexposureduration(yr)25yrIRsoilsoilingestionrate(mg/day)50mg/dayIRairworkdayinhalationrate(m3/day)20m3/dayVFsoil-to-airvolatilizationfactor(m3/kg)chemical-specificPEFparticulateemissionfactor(m3/kg)4.63x109m3/kgParametersdefinitio71谢谢!2009年4月10日谢谢!2009年4月10日72演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！73国内外土壤环境质量标准概要四川省环境保护科学研究院傅尧信2009,4,10国内外土壤环境质量标准概要四川省环境保护科学研究院741.国外土壤环境质量标准体系2.国内土壤环境质量标准概要3.土壤修复相关标准1.国外土壤环境质量标准体系75国外土壤环境质量标准体系国外土壤环境质量标准体系76目录国外土壤环境质量标准概况美国土壤环境质量标准体系荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系加拿大土壤环境质量标准澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准其它国家土壤环境质量标准目录国外土壤环境质量标准概况77国外土壤环境质量标准概况保护对象的多样性暴露方式的多样性标准的多样性国外土壤环境质量标准概况保护对象的多样性78保护对象的多样性人体健康生态系统

植物农作物其它植物

野生动物哺乳类动物鸟类

无脊椎动物生物过程地下水保护对象的多样性人体健康79暴露方式的多样性皮肤接触直接摄入间接摄入呼吸吸入地下水饮用暴露方式的多样性皮肤接触80标准的多样性通用标准按土地用途分类标准按暴露方式分类标准土地修复污染物清除标准的多样性通用标准81标准值设定示意图

concentrationScreeningRiskAssessmentNegligibleriskWarningriskUnacceptableriskLongtermobjectivese.g.TargetvaluesFurtherinvestigatione.g.TriggervalueNerventionvalues标准值设定示意图82欧洲国家标准设定级别countries可忽略风险警示风险不可接受风险ScreeningRAScreening

RA

Screening

RASite-specificRAATTriggerValuesIntervent.valuesNLTargetvalueIntervent.valuesITLimitvalueBE-FLbackgroundFurtherinvensti.Cleanupstan.BE-wReferen.valuetriggervalueIntervent.valuesCZLongtermob.FurtherinvenstiremediationDKSoilqualitycrit.Cut-offvalu