2023年日北京地区学位英语考试卷真题

2010年11月6日北京地区学位英语考试B卷真题Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Breastfeeding(母乳喂养)foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman’sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖尿病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.AccordingtoSchwarz’sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(诊断)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(76)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody."Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon’tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.Thefindingisn’tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(怀孕)thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtotheadviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.B.EleanorSchwarz’sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.D.EleanorSchwarz’sresultsseemmorereliable.2.AccordingtoSchwarz’sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother’schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:thelonger,thebetter.D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?A.Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime.B.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime.C.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren.D.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime.5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A.BreastfeedingMayEnhanceBabies’ChancesofSurvivalB.BreastfeedingMayLowerMoms’DiabetesRiskC.BreastfeedingMayBecomeVeryFashionableinNearFutureD.BreastfeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeight.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists(考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon’tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteria(细菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman’sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!Whywasthismansowellpreserved?(77)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman’sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.(78)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn’tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn’tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.6.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comfrom?A.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German.7.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____.A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects8.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?A.Iceandlowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatIsArchaeology?B.ArchaeologyandHistoryC.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryD.TheDeathof“LindowMan”Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodernart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn’teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(79)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit’slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiedactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we’recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it’sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(80)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.12.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress13.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_____.A.humanattentionisascarceresourceB.citylifecanmakepeopleverytiredC.thecityisanengineofintellectuallifeD.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain14.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine.15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Differentaspects(方面)ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.B.Smallchangesinurbandesigncannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth’spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.16.Bytheendoflastweek611peoplefrom49countries_____toattendthemeeting,withnearlyhalfcomingfromtheUnitedStates,GermanyandBritain.A.hadRegisteredB.haveRegisteredC.RegisteredD.wereRegistered17.Itwassuggestedthat_____bigeventliketheYearofRussiainChinashouldcertainlybenefit_____relationshipbetweenthetwocountries.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/18.Althoughheknewlittleaboutamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A.asB.unlessC.whatD.where19.Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,thelittlegirlranbackhome,_____.A.happilyandsatisfiedB.eagerandexcitedlyC.happyandsatisfiedD.anxiouslyandexcitedly20.—Howaretheirtalksgoingon?Havetheyreachedanyagreement?—Theyonlyseemedtohaveagreedtosetanotherdatefor_____talks.A.deeperB.slowerC.furtherD.higher21._____tenminutesearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthetrain.Butyouwerelate.A.HadyoucomeB.DidyoucomeC.HaveyoucomeD.Shouldyoucome22.Havingbeentoldthathersondiedintheaccident,theoldwomanappearedverycalm,asifnothing_____.A.happenedB.werehappenedC.washappenedD.hadhappened23.Youshouldcarefullythinkover_____themanagersaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose24.LastweekIwrotetothehoteltobookaroom,butthey_____yet.A.didn’tanswerB.wasn’tansweringC.hadn’tansweredD.haven’tanswered25.Dianafeltverymuchupsetat_____tothepartyasshehadlongedtogoforalongtime.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavingbeeninvitedC.nottobeinviteD.tobenotinvited26.Onnoaccount_____heldresponsibleforthecaraccident,soheshouldnotbeputintoprison.A.thedrivercanbeB.canthedriverbeC.thedriverbeD.bethedriver27.Allthekidsarecryingnow.What_____makesthemsounhappy?A.itisB.isitC.itisthatD.isitthat28.Unfortunately,thepackageIwasexpectingwas_____tothewrongaddress.A.writtenB.givenC.packedD.delivered29._____byalargeaudience,hefeltverynervousanddidn’tknowwhattosay.A.WatchingB.WatchC.WatchedD.Havingwatched30.I’mverygratefulforyourhelpandhopetodosomethingforyou_____inthefuture.A.inexchangeB.insteadC.inreturnD.inparticular31.Ican_____youthattheanimalsarewellcaredforinourzoo,soyouneedn’tworryaboutthem.A.supposeB.assumeC.assureD.grant32.Thedrowningboymadea_____attempttocatchtheropethrowntohim.A.dangerousB.gracefulC.gentleD.desperate33.Ifwe_____earlytomorrowmorning,wewillreachthecoastbeforedark.A.takeoffB.setoffC.setupD.takeup34.AlotofpeoplemistakeJohnforBillbecausethey_____eachotherinappearancetoomuch!A.weaveB.utilizeC.revealD.resemble35.Whentherearecordialelationsbetweenthetwocountries,wemeanthereexistsa_____relationshipbetweenthem.A.friendlyB.hostileC.fertileD.complicated36.Thepatient’srecoverywasveryencouragingashecould_____getoutofbedwithouthelp.A.onlyB.almostC.merelyD.hardly37.Atthejobinterview,Mr.Browngaveagood_____ofhimselfandfinallygotajobasasalesman.A.opinionB.ideaC.cryD.account38.Asiswellknown,eatingtoomuchfatcan_____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.addtoB.attendtoC.contributetoD.applyto39.Aclubisaplacetomakefrequent_____withfriends.A.accountsB.attemptsC.contentsD.contacts40._____theobviousdifferencesinsizeandpopulation,thestatesofAmericahavemanythings_____common.A.Although;onB.Though;inC.Despite;inD.Becauseof;on41.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_____thismedicineistestedonhumanbeings.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when42.Withlargernumbersofgraduatesthaneverbefore,justhavingadegreewillnolongerbeenoughtomakeyou_____inthecrowd.A.standupB.standbyC.standforD.standout43.Thedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe_____ofthemedicineonthemice.A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.effect44.Thisisonlyoneofthelaundriesinthedistrict_____modernequipment.A.thathaveB.whichhaveC.thathasD.whathas45.Skatingcanbegoodforyou_____correctly.A.thoughdoingB.thoughdoneC.ifdoneD.ifdoingPartⅢIdentification(10%)Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Identifytheonethatisnotcorrect.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。46.Whohaseyescanseewhatgreatachievementswehavemadesince1978.ABCD47.Surely,therearelotsofproblemssolvinginourresearchsoweneedtogetwellpreparedinadvance.ABCD48.Theharderhetried,themostfailureshesufferedinhisearlydaysasawriter.ABCD49.Idon’tthinkawarmwinteralwayshasanegativeinfluenceonourlife,hasn’tit?ABCD50.Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstanceswemayusethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.ABCD51.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformyABCDmother’sbirthday.52.Towaitinthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedthathehadleftthewalletinthecar.ABCD53.TheGreatWallissoawell-knowntouristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineveryyear.ABCD54.Equippedwithmodernfacilities,today’shospitalsarequitedifferentfromthatofthepast.ABCD55.Wesolvedtheproblembyusingacomputerratherthantodoitallbyhand.ABCDPartIVCloze(10%)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,andforeachblankthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDattheendofthepassage.YoushouldchooseONEanswerthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.WehavequiteabitofinformationaboutancientEgyptianmedicine.Doctors’instructionshavebeenfoundtotellus__56___theydidforthesickandtheinjured.__57___manyofthetreatmentsincludedmagic,ancientEgyptiansusedplantleavesandothermethodstotreatmany__58___.Religion,magicandmedicinewere__59___relatedinancientEgypt.Somepriests(牧师)werespecially__60___asdoctorsto__61___thesickandtheinjured.Doctorswereheldtoahighmoralstandard.Patientswastreatedwith__62___andtheir__63___informationwashighlysecret.Thehighest-rankingdoctorswerepriestsofthegoddessSekhmet,___64__controlledillnesses.Doctorsspentaparteachyear__65___thegoddess.Doctorswerethoughttobe___66__tothegodsandabletoaskthemforhealing.Templeswerecentersforhealing.__67___apersonwasill,heorshewouldcometothetempleor__68___adoctorforadiagnosis(诊断).A(n)__69___problemwasnot__70___,thediagnosiswouldbethattheillnesswascausedbyanevilspiritorcurse.Thedoctorwouldusemagicspellsto__71___acure.__72___,adiagnosiscouldnotbereached.__73___thiscase,apatientwouldbetoldtorestforaperiodoftime__74___anotherexaminationcouldbe__75___.56.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.which57.A.WhenB.AlthoughC.SinceD.After58.A.damagesB.diseasesC.disastersD.destructions59.A.hardlyB.closelyC.mainlyD.shortly60.A.trainedB.designedC.planedD.studied61.A.looktoB.cometoC.careforD.searchfor62.A.reputationB.respectC.fameD.inspection63.A.illB.ownC.hiddenD.personal64.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what65.A.servingB.readingC.learningD.following66.A.carefulB.generousC.meanD.close67.A.BeforeB.WhenC.UntilD.Since68.A.thinkoverB.applytoC.callforD.makeup69.A.seriousB.internalC.oddD.obvious70.A.discoveredB.treatedC.curedD.aroused71.A.bringaboutB.setoutC.insistonD.makeup72.A.SubsequentlyB.Cons