完成时(现在过去将来)

thePresentPerfectTense现在完成时现在完成时的构成：

have/has+动词过去分词时间状语：already，yet，ever，

never，just，before规则动词的过去分词：1）一般加+ed:worked,started2)“辅音+y”结尾的动词，y变成i后加ed:study-studied3)以“e”结尾的动词后加“d”:hope-hoped4)双写辅音字母：stopped动词过去分词形成方式：规则和不规则变化动词的过去式以及过去分词不规则动词的过去式与过去分词:AAA:put–put–put

let—let–letABB:stand—stood—stoodABA:

become—became—becomeABC:eat—ate—eaten现在完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语+has/have+过去分词（p.p.）+….

Mysisterhasalreadywashedalltheclothes.否定式：主语+hasn’t+（p.p.）+….Mysisterhasn’talreadywashedalltheclothes.

疑问式：Has/have+主语+p.p.+…?Hasyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes?

肯定答语：Yes,主语+hasYes,shehas.否定答语：No，主语+hasn’tNo,shehasn’t.Hehaslosthiskey.Thekeyisn’tinhispocketsnow.用法1Theyareintheroomnow.Theyhavecomeintotheroom.pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havefinished

it.“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中。

Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。

Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“从来不”用在否定句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成时中，放在句尾。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中。

I

havejustboughtanovel。Shebeganto

workin1999.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.

用法2：nowpastIbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught

Englishatthisschoolfourfiveyears.用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.

haveworkedhavestayedsinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998;sinceshecametotheschool)for+一段时间since+点时间一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince

1.They’veknowneachothersince_______.A.1995B.threeyears2.I’vebeeninterestedinChinesefor______.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor______.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.I’vehadaheadachesince_______.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.We’vebeenherefor______.A.onehourB.oneo’clockAABAB6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebeeninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since______.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedhere?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyearsAABAB

Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou.(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone5.Youknowthatafriendofyoursislookingforajob.Perhapsshehasbeensuccessful.Askher.Yousay:__________________________?(find)6.Annwenttothebank,butafewminutesagoshereturned.Somebodyasks‘IsAnnstillatthebank?’Yousay:No,__________________________.(comeback)

HaveyoualreadyfoundthejobShehasalreadycameback比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的行动所造成的现在的情况。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的事实现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastyear,in1976，twodaysago,justnow…但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连用，也可和包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：already,yet,before,latelyrecently,once,twice,ever,never。。。。1)Shehasalreadycome.2)Ihaven’treadityet.*go\come\leave\die等词语表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，如不能说：Hehasgonefortwomonths.(F)但可以说：Hehasbeenawayfor2months.总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用：already,just,yet,ever,never,before

（2）表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：

since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek

过去完成时态2.过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。1.PastperfectTense过去完成时构成：had＋过去分词

6:007:00现在BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes.过去完成时的不同的形式：肯定式：主语+had+过去分词（p.p.）+….

Mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes.否定式：主语+hadn’t+（p.p.）+….Mysisterhadn’talreadywashedalltheclothes.

疑问式：Had+主语+p.p.+…?Hadyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes?

肯定答语：Yes,主语+hadYes,shehad.否定答语：No，主语+hadn’tNo,shehadn’t.ThedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttense.ShehastaughtEnglishfor6years.“WhereisSusan”“ShehasgonetoAmerica”.表示过去某时发生的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。

ShesaidshehadtaughtEnglishfor6years.(2)BythetimeIgottoLondon,shehadgonetoAmerica.表示过去某时之前发生的动作。现在完成时:主语+have/hasdone过去完成时:主语+haddone1.我到家时她已经睡了。BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.2.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.3.他走以后我找到了那封信。Ifoundtheletterafterhehadgoneaway.Wereachedthecinemalate.Thefilmhadalreadybeenonfortenminutes.4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始十分钟了。常用的时间状语等标志词：1、by,before,when,bythetime等构成的短语或引导的从句。Eg.1)Bythetimeshecametothebusstop,thebushadalreadygone.2)Wehadfinishedthetaskbeforemidnight.3)WhenIarrivedatthepostoffice,IfoundthatIhadlefttheletterathome.4)AfterIhadfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.2、由said,told,knew,heard,thought等引导的宾语从句中。Eg.Hetoldmethathehadheardofit.Ithoughtmyhomeworkhadbeenfininshed.ButIdidn’t.3、从过去开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作、状态。常用since，for.Eg.ShesaidthatshehadlearnedEnglishforyearssincehecametoourschool注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及since,for引导的从句和短语连用。Eg.1.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegunfortenminutes.2.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes.3.Hesaidthedoorhadbeenopenedforlong.4.Hesaidthedoorhadopenedforlong.5.Hesaidthedoorhadbeenopenforlong.翻译下列各句：1、当我到达音乐厅的时，这名流行歌手已经离开了。2、到昨天早上，他已经给我打了好几个电话了。3、当医生被派人请来时，这个病人已经等了10分钟了。4、我昨天看到Jim了。我们已经5年没有见面了。5、昨天我把我借的那本小说还给了图书管。Canyoudoit?Byyesterdaymorning,he________(call)metentimes.Thepatient___________(die)whenthedoctorarrived.IsawLinFengyesterday.We___________(notmeet)eachotherforfiveyears.hadcalledhaddiedhadnotmet4.IreturnedthebookthatI___________(borrow).5.Hesaidthathe___________(know)herwell.6.Thematch________(be)onforhalfanhour.7.Thematch_______(be)onforhalfanhourwhenIgotthere.8.They____(do)theworkat11o’clockyesterdaymorning.hadborrowedhadknownhasbeenhadbeendid9.They________(do)theworkby11o’clockyesterdaymorning.10.Thepopsingers___________(leave)whenIgottothemusichalllastnight.Whatapity!11.Howcleantheroomistoday!Oh,yes!Who_________(clean)it?haddonehadleftcleaned12.WhatwereyoudoingwhenJimphonedyou?I__________(finish)myhomeworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.13.HaveyoueverbeentoGuilin?Yes.I_________(go)therefourmonthsago.hadfinishedwent将来完成时FuturePerfectTense将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用。Concept状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。shall/will+havedone1.shall+havedone只用于第一人称2.will+havedone用于所有人称构成形式1.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。用法Eg.Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.

到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。

BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.

你