英美概况13英语1班(金明月,王泽艳,李闯,金明月)

Chapter2Section03

AmericanGovernmentandPoliticsBasicoftheU.S.PoliticalTheoryGovernmentPrinciplesFederalSystemTheFederalGovernmentTheLegislativeBranchLegislativeProcedurePoliticalTheoryandGovernmentPrinciplesJohnJocke,Englishphilosopher“divinerightofpeopleandsovereigntyresideswithpeople”FOURPrinciples:SovereigntyresideswithpeopleGovernmentwithlimitedpowerChecksandbalances—2levelsand3branches.Freeexchangeofopinions.FederalSystemThedivisionofpowersbyaconstitutionbetweenthecentregovernmentandstategovernmentiscalledfederalism

ThethreebranchesTheExecutive,headedbythepresident;TheLegislative,includingbothhousesofCongress(theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentative)andTheJudicial,headedbytheSupremeCourtThe

Federal

GovernmentSeparationoftheThreePowersCongress(Legislative)President(Executive)Courts(Judicial)Government

StructureoftheFederalGovernment

CongressPresidentCourtsLegislativeBranchExecutiveBranchJudicialBranchSenateHouseBureaucraciesSupremeCourtlowernationalcourts

13departments100435Thepowersgiventothefederalgovernment:Laiddownintheconstitution.therighttomanageforeignaffairs,raiseandmaintainarmedforces,issuecurrency,collecttaxes,toregulatecommercebetweenthestates,tomaintainapostalsystem.regulateforeigntrade,declarewarandconcludepeace.TheLegislativeBranchLaw-makingbranchTheCongressThesupremelegislativeAsimilarfunctiontotheParliamentoftheU.K.Twohouses:theSenate&theHouseofRepresentatives·ThefunctionsoftheU.S.Congress:

1)

Defenseandforeignaffairs.Citizenshipandnaturalization.

2)

Theregulationofcommercewithforeigncountriesandamongthestates.

3)

Thepowertocollecttaxestopaydebts,toprovideforthecommondefenseandgeneralwelfare.4)

TheChiefFunctionisto:Makelaws.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureCongressSenatorRepresentativesElection_____membersfromeachstateBasedonpopulationTotalNo.100members_____membersAgeAtleast___yearsoldAtleast25Term___years___yearsCitizenshipcitizensfor__yearscitizensfor___yearsTransferringInformation2435306297LegislativeProcedureTheExecutiveBranchGeneralElectionTheJudicialBranchFederalPoliceStateGovernmentLocalGovernmentPoliticalPartiesTheExecutiveBranchTheexecutivebranchconsistsof15departmentsandmanyindependentagencies.·Thepresident,

chiefexecutive,

themostimportantfigureofthegovernment:

1).Theheadofthegovernment.2).Negotiatesforeigntreaties.3).Appointsgovernmentofficials,ambassadors,judgesanddepartmentheads.4).Commandsthearmedforces.5).Sendsandreceivesdiplomaticofficials.6).Seestoitthatlawsarecarriedout.7).Theleaderofhispoliticalparty.8).Submitsa“StateoftheUnionMessage(国情咨文

)”,budgetmessage.9).IntroduceslegislativebillsintoCongress.TheWhiteHouseTheofficialpresidentialresidenceSince1814,ithasbeencalledthe“WhiteHouse”.GeneralElection1)

ThemajorpartiesholdconventionstochoosecandidatesforPresidentandVicePresident.Andtodeterminethepartiesplatforms.2)

Thecampaigningstage.radio,television,newspapers,andpersonalcommunications.

3)

ChooseaslateofpresidentialelectorswhomakeuptheElectoralCollege.·The

“winner-take-all”

principle:

*Thecandidatewiththemostvotesinastatewinsallofthatstateselectoralvotes.

*ThecandidatewhowinsthemajorityoftheElectoralCollegevoteswillbethepresident.4)

Theelectorsmeetintheirstatecapitalsandcasttheirvotes

forpresidentandVicePresidentinDec.5)

WhenthenewCongressassembledonJan.6,theelectoralvotesarecountedinajointsessionofthetwohouses.

6)TheHouseofRepresentativeswillchooseoneforpresidentbyamajorityvote.

7)TheSenatewillchooseonetobeVicePresident.TheJudicialBranchConsistsofaseriesofcourts3tierscircuitsTheSupremeCourt1ChiefJusticeand8AssociateJusticesItistheonlycourtthathasrighttodecidewhetherthelawisconstitutionalorunconstitutional.Federalpolice—FBIFederalBureauofInvestigation

since1908

asubdivisionoftheDept.ofJustice.HeadquaterinWashingtonDC.,400officesinUS,28000employees.Itsagentsonlyinvestigatefederalcrimes,suchasterroristattack,organizedcrime,espionage,kidnapping,crimesinvolvinginterstatecommerce,andcrimecommittedbyofficials,lawenforcement,andpersonsofhighsocialstatus.stategovernmentEachstategovernmentmayalsotaxandborrowmoney,controleducation,regulatecorporationsandbusiness,determineelectionprocedures,andregulatelocalgovernments.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulturePoliticalPartiesTheDemocraticPartyLogo:donkeyTheRepublicanPartyLogo:elephantIn1874,artistThomasNastdrewadonkeyrepresentingtheDemocraticPartyandanelephantrepresentingtheRepublicanParty.IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureTheRepublicanPartyThesecondlargestpartyMoreconservativeIdeologyAsmallgovernmentandfreemarketLettingbusinesscompetewithlittleornogovernmentregulationinthemarketplaceAdvocatesstrongnationaldefenseIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCu