废水中的同步脱氮除硫工艺

SimultaneousNandSremoval

inwastewatertreatment

Contents1.Nitrogenand

sulfurpollution2.Traditionalmethodsofpollutioncontrol3.SimultaneousNandSremoval4.Potentialproblemordirection5.AcknowledgmentTheNitrogenCycleSchematicrepresentationoftheflowofnitrogenthroughtheenvironment.Theimportanceofbacteriainthecycleisimmediatelyrecognizedasbeingakeyelementinthecycle,providingdifferentformsofnitrogencompoundsassimilablebyhigherorganisms.

——FromWikiBiologicaldenitrificationAmmoniatedbacteriaNitrosobacteria,NitrifyingDenitrifying

bacteriaOrganicnitrogenNH4+NO2-,NO3-N2MajorSourcesandPollutionofNitridesSourcessewagetreatmentplantsanimalfeedlots,croplandvehicleexhaustindustrialsourcesPollutionexcessgrowthofalgaespeciescompositionshiftsfoodwebchangeshumanhealtheffectsTheSulfurCycleBiologicaldesulfurizationtechnology:SO42-

H2S

S8SRBSOBMajorSourcesandPollutionofsulfideSources：theproductionofsulfurdioxide(SO2)fromindustry

andtheinternalcombustionengine;

seawaterintrusion.Pollution:AcidRain,

lowerpHinwaterandsoil,

contaminatinggroundwaterresourcesandagriculturalproductionbysulfateandsalts.SimultaneousNandSremovalWhy:SimultaneousremovalofNandSinwastewatertreatmentprocesseswhileachievingminimalbiologicalsludgeproductionandgreenhousegasemissions.Theseadvantagesarenotpossibleusingconventionalcarboncycle-basedconventionaltreatmenttechnologies.How:DenitrifyingandsulfideremovalSulfatetype

anaerobic

ammoniaoxidationprocessorganicinorganic

DenitrifyingandsulfideremovalNR-SOBSchemeofthedenitrifyingcontinuousstirredreactor.Jesu´sReyes-Avila,WaterResearch38(2004)3313–3321Suggestedsulfideandacetateoxidationpathwayunderdenitrifyingconditions.Reaction：12H++2NO3-+5S2-→N2+5S+6H2O15S+6NO3-+2H2O→5SO42-+4H++3N22

Elementalsulfurisaveryusefulresource;therefore,toenableathoroughremovalofpollutantsandreclamationofelementalsulfur,itisbettertocontrolthereactionsduringthefirststep.Accordingtothestoichiometryofthereaction,themolarremovalratioofS/N（mol）~5/2Sulfide

concentration<300mg/LSulfatetype

anaerobic

ammoniaoxidationprocessSO42-＋2NH4+

→S＋N2＋4H2O3SO42-＋4NH4+

→3S2-＋4NO2-＋4H2O＋8H+

3S2-＋2NO2-＋8H+→3S＋N2＋4H2O2NO2-

＋2NH4+

→2N2＋4H2OLowCOD、highconcentration

NH4+

－N、

pH~7.18Sulfatetype

anaerobic

ammoniaoxidationprocessWhenS/N=3/43S2-＋2NO2-＋4H2O→SO42-＋2S＋8OH-＋2N2ReproduceSO42-！！！

Batchtestresultsforthemeasurementofammonium,sulfate,nitriteandnitrateconcentrationsinanaerobicserumbottleswith(NH4)2SO4

asthesolesubstrate11mmolL-1NH4+–N，5.5mmolL-1SO42-were

addedthepureanammoxbacteriaasinoculantSitongLiu,FenglinYang.BioresourceTechnology99(2008)6817–6825Timecoursesofammoniumremovalrate,sulfateremovalrate,nitriteproductionrate,andnitrateproductionratewith(NH4)2SO4

asthesolemainmediuminNRBCreactor.initial

10daysofincubationNitrategrowthofanammoxbacteriaconversion

waslimited：partialhighnitriteconcentration；largequantityofsolidsulfur.DGGEanalysisofPCR-amplified16SrDNAgenefragmentsofbiofilmsamplesinNRBCreactorbandA,E,FPlanctomycetebacteria,Seemstoberesponsibleforanammoxreaction,mainfunctionalbacteriacommunityinanammoxprocessbandC,HChloroflexibacterium

bandB,Gbacteriumclone36423,betaproteobacteriumcloneCLi61genePotentialproblemordirectionFutureworkwillfocusonisolationofthefunctionalbacteriaandtheirs