2019届中考英语二轮复习《第1讲简单句并列句复合句》讲义

简单句、并列句、复合句【知识点睛】一、句子分类______、、、按_______分______句子____________按_______分____________(_______、_______、_______)二、陈说句、疑问句、祈使句、惋惜句陈说句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法疑问句：用于发问祈使句：用于表示央求、命令、劝说、建议等惋惜句：用于表达激烈的感情（一）陈说句有一定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。陈说句的否定式：be的否定式（be作系动词和助动词）助动词、神态动词的否定式除not外，其余否定词也可以构成否定句用no表示，no=notany/anever从不，决不，永不seldom极少hardly几乎不3)little,few几乎没有noone/nobody没有人nothing什么也没有6)neitherof()noneof()tooto（二）疑问句一般疑问句1）用什么词发问，用什么词回答。—Areyouastudent?你是一个学生吗？—Yes,Iam.是的，我是。/—No,I’mnot.不，我不是。（2）否定的一般疑问句常常表示惊讶、赞美、思疑等语气。（注意yes/no的翻译）—Don’tyouwatchTVatnight?你夜晚不看电视吗？—Yes,Ido.不，我看电视。/—No,Idon’t.是的，我不看电视。3）用其余词语取代yes/no，使语气更客气、委宛。—Canyougotothemovieswithme?你能和我一起去看电影吗？—I’mafraidnot.Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.唯恐不可以，我有很多作业要做。特别疑问句用特别疑问词来指引，不用________回答。特别疑问词包含疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。1）疑问代词：what,who,which,whose,whom（2）疑问副词：when,where,why,how（对状语进行发问）（3）疑问词组：howsoon,howlong,howfar,howoften等（4）否定的特别疑问句一般有劝说、建议、责备等意味。Whydon’tyoucomehere?Whynotcomehere?选择疑问句提出两种或以上的状况要对方选择，不可以用________回答，要用完好的句子或其省略形式。（1）一般选择疑问句句式—Doyouliketeaorcoffee?—Iliketea.2）特别选择疑问句句式—Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?—Iprefertea.反意疑问句1）结构：“陈说部分，简短问句？”2）原则：_______________，______________3）三步走：第1步将陈说部分变为一般疑问句第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）4）回答：脚踏实地【翻译】——Lucy从不早起，是吗？——是的，她从不早起。/不，她有时早起。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（三）祈使句特色：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________。一定式否定式特别式Standup!Don’tstandup!Nosmoking/parking!Bequiet!Don’tbenoisy!Nophotos!Lethimin!Don’tlethimin!（四）惋惜句惋惜句是用来表达人的特别感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。惋惜句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由

what

或

how指引的句子，句末常用“

!”。Great!Agoodjob!_______________________________Whatagoodday(itis)!Whatterribleweather(itis)!Whatsmartstudents(theyare)!_______________________________Howterrible(theweatheris)!Howsmart(thestudentsare)!Howfastheruns!【填空】___________talltheboyis!___________lovelychildren!___________usefulbookitis!___________excitingnews!三、简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。Iamastudent.LilyandLucyaretwins.Hewentuptothedoor,openeditandentered.Shewillgothereeitherthisweekornextweek.并列句：由并列连词(and,so,but,or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。Hedidtheworkandhediditwell.Ilikemusic,butIdon’tlikethissong.Eitheryouleave,orTomleaves.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。Doyouknowwheremybikeis?Johnfellasleepwhilehewaslisteningtothemusic.ThatisthewomanImetyesterday.（一）常有句子成分主语：句子所要说的人或物；平时由名词或代词担当谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；平时由名词或代词担当表语：在系动词后，表示主语身份或特色；平时由名词、代词、形容词充当定语：修饰名词或代词；平时由形容词、代词、数词担当状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词；平时由副词、介词短语担当宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担当同位语：平时紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的状况（二）简单句五大基本句型主系表/主谓(vi.)/主谓(vt.)宾/主谓(vt.)宾宾/主谓(vt.)宾宾补（三）连词连接词与词或短语与短语________表_________________表________连接简单句与简单句________连词表________表____________________________连接主句与从句______________________________四、三大从句（一）宾语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。WeknowJackisalazystudent.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherit

’sacat

.Heisunhappythathedidn

’tpasstheexam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句三因素：________、________、_______________(可省略)宾语从句：陈说句_______________宾语从句：一般疑问句连接词_______________宾语从句：特别疑问句语序_________语序______________________________时态_______________MissLisaidthattheearth________(be)round.【难点1】只用连接词whether的状况I’mthinkingabout__________Ishouldseethefilm.Ihaven’tdecided__________togotothecinema.I’mnotsure__________ornotit’sworthseeingthefilm.结论：________________________________________【难点2】特别疑问句自己语序为陈说语序的句子Whobrokethewindow?Whathappenedlastnight?What’sthematter/thetrouble?What’sup/wrong?Whenwillwemeet?【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的变换Idon’tknowwhatIcan/shoulddonext.=Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Hecouldn’tdecidewhichonehecould/shouldbuy.=Hecouldn’tdecidewhichonetobuy.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?=Couldyoutellme_________________________?结论：1.当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know,decide,learn等时，此复合句可变换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特别疑问词+不定式”结构。2.当主句谓语是ask,tell,show,teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可变换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特别疑问词+不定式”结构。（二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。Thebushadleftwhenwearrivedatthestation.分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，退步状语从句，原由状语从句，结果状语从句句，比较状语从句各种状语从句连词：状语从句连词(隶属连词)

目的状语从时间状语从句条件状语从句退步状语从句原由状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句【难点1】when,while,as的差别when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可

__________发生或

__________发生while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态)as：前后动作并行发生，“一边一边”；“跟着”GivethisbiketoMary__________shecomesnextweek.ReturnthebooktoLily__________youhavefinishedreadingit.Iwasdoingmyhomework_________mymothercamein.Youmustbequiet__________Kateisdoingherhomework.__________TomwaswatchingTV,hisparentsweretakingawalk.Shedidsports________shelistenedtomusic.【难点2】because,for,since,as的差别because“________”(隶属连词)指直接原由，语气最强。Ididthatbecauseshetoldmeto.2)since“________”(隶属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.3)as“________”(隶属连词)表示不问可知、不问可知的原由；语气比since弱。Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.4)for“________”(________连词)不表直接原由，表附带或推测的原由，for指引的是并列句。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象在时间、条件、退步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________的句子时，从句要用_____________取代未来。Don’tpointatotherswithyourchopstickswhenyou_______(eat).Theboyisverycarefulwhenhe_______(cross)theroad.Youcanrealizeyourdreamaslongasyou________(not)giveup.Whateveryou_______(do),whereveryou________(go),Iwillbeherewaitingforyou.注意：主将从现不过一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。时间、条件、退步状语从句还可以使用其余的很多时态。（三）定语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.结构：先行词(指人/指物)关系词关系词在定语从句中的成分【难点1】定语从句中关系词只好用that的状况1)当先行词是________时，如：all,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,theone等，关系词用thatIsthisschooltheonethatyougraduatedfrom?Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?2)当先行词被theonly,thevery(恰巧，正好),thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时，关系词用thatThisistheverybus_______Iamwaitingfor.当先行词既有______又有______时IneverforgettheschoolandthepeoplethatIvisitedinShanghai.当先行词被_______或_______修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.5)who或

which

指引的疑问句后，为了防备重复，只好用

thatWhoisthegirl_______iscryingsadly?【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?Iwillneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays__________Iwasinprimaryschool.Thisistheschool__________Ioftenpayavisitto.Thisistheschool__________thatteacheronceworked.【精讲精练】一、判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并解析成分Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.Hesearchedoutthefarmerwhomthekinghadspokentoandaskedhimtheanswertotheriddle.Somescientistswonderwhatwouldhappeniftheheatfromthecomputercouldbeused.二、填空题依据汉语提示及句意完成句子Mysisteristooyoungtogotoschool,____________?Nancy,sweeptheclassroom,____________?Idon’tthinkshewillagreewithme,____________?Youhadbetterstayathome,____________?—Mr.Li’sneverbeentoCanada,hashe?—______,___________.Hewentthereonbusinesslastweek.依据句意，用合适的连词或关系词或连接词填空1.Workhard,________you’llpassthetesteasily.Thisisthebestbook_______Ihaveeverread.________itrainsheavily,nooneislatefortheclass.4.Youwon’tcatchthebus________youleaveimmediately.ThepopulationofChinaislarger________thatofAmerica.Hewonders________hisEnglishteachercancometoday.不仅全部的学生并且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。________________allthepupils________________theirEnglishteacher________________thestorybook.三、单项选择()1.—_______isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycenter?—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar()2.David,_______,oryouwillgetheavier.A.doesn’tplaysportsanymoreB.doesn’teatsomuchmeatC.don’tplaysportsanymoreD.don’teatsomuchmeat()3.—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.—Wow!_______beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.A.WhatB.HowaC.WhataD.How()4.Thewarwasoveraboutthreemonthsago,_______theAmericansoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith.A.orB.andC.butD.so()5.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMum______.Imissherverymuch.—Shewillreturnwhenshe______hertask.Andshewillbringanicepresentforyou.A.returns;finishesB.returns;willfinishC.willreturn;finishesD.willreturn;willfinish()6.Theenvironmentwillbeworseandworse_______wetakestepstoprotectitrightaway.A.unlessB.althoughC.whileD.but()7._______shewastired,______shedidn’tstoptohavearest.A./;soB.Although;/C.Although;butD.Because;so()8.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers_______IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()9.Franklintoldthemall_______tobeinBritainagain.A.howhappywasheB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.howhewashappy()10.—Tellme______.—Well,itislikeA.whatiswrongwithitB.whatisitC.whatisitlikeD.whatthematteriswithit【参照答案】【知识点睛】一、句子分类按功能分：陈说句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特别疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)；祈使句；惋惜句按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)二、陈说句、疑问句、祈使句、惋惜句（二）疑问句特别疑问句yes/no选择疑问句yes/no反意疑问句前肯后否；前否后肯【翻译】—Lucynevergetsupearly,doesshe?—No,shedoesn’t./Yes,shedoes.（三）祈使句动词原形；you；please（四）惋惜句What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(subject+v.)!How+adj./adv.+(subject+v.)!【填空】How；What；Whata；What三、简单句、并列句、复合句（三）连词并列连词：简单句；并列句[顺承、并列关系(and,bothand,aswellas,notonlybutalso)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or,eitheror,neithernor)，因果关系(so,for)隶属连词：复合句（指引名词性从句的隶属连词，指引状语从句的隶属连词，引导定语从句的隶属连词）四、三大从句（一）宾语从句三因素：连接词、语序、时态连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how语序：陈说时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真谛用一现，is【难点1】只用连接词whether的状况whether；whether；whether结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有ornot，用whether。【难点2】特别疑问句自己语序为陈说语序的句子前四个特别疑问句都是陈说语序，不用变；最后一个特别疑问句放在宾语的地点需变为陈说语序whenwewillmeet。【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的变换howtogettothezoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语（二）状语从句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,until,notuntil,assoonas,since条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas,solongas退步状语从句although,though,evenif,eventhough,whatever,whenever,wherever原由状语从句because,since,as结果状语从句sothat,suchthat目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat比较状语从句asas,notso/asas,than【难点1】when，while，as的差别同时；先后；同时；持续性；when；when；when；while；while；as【难点2】because,for,since,as的差别1）因为2）既然，因为3）因为、鉴于4）因为、因为；并列【难点3】“主将从现”现象一般未来时；祈使句；含神态动词；一般此刻时；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go（三）定语从句人；who；主语、宾语、表语人；whom；宾语物；which；主语、宾语、表语人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语人/物；whose；定语原由(n.)；why；状语地点(n.)；where