2016年考研英语二真题

本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取绝密★启用前2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).becausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.7 enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere 8 .Butisitreallyhappinesslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities 9 whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?findout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious 10 thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12 evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichthe13todecisionmakingandtheofandless14whoaremoretobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplacesarethaninwith17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.nothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.[A]why [B]how [C]where [D]when[A]Inreturn [B]Inparticular [C]Incontrast [D]Inconclusion[A]necessary [B]famous [C]perfect [D]sufficient[A]individualism[B]realism [C]optimism [D]modernism[A]miss [B]echo [C]spoil [D]change[A]imagined [B]measured [C]assumed [D]invented[A]Sure [B]Odd [C]Unfortunate [D]Often[A]divided [B]advertised [C]overtaxed [D]headquartered[A]summarize [B]overstate [C]explain [D]emphasize[A]factors [B]stages [C]levels [D]methods[A]desirable [B]sociable [C]reliable [D]reputable[A]resumed [B]emerged [C]held [D]broke[A]assign [B]attribute [C]transfer [D]compare[A]serious [B]civilized [C]ambitious [D]experienced[A]instead [B]thus [C]also [D]never[A]rapidly [B]directly [C]regularly [D]equally[A]While [B]Until [C]After [D]Since[A]arrives [B]jumps [C]hints [D]strikes[A]share [B]rediscover [C]simplify [D]shape[A]prayfor [B]leantowards [C]sendout [D]giveawaySectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1truethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatnotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers–butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsTheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablydropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenexthaveaquicksothe“Rubyontheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn–howtothinklogicallyaproblemandtheresults–applytoanysaidDeborahanforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers–intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes–fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant–theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat–thebetter.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto .completefuturejobtrainingremodelthewayofthinkingformulatelogicalhypothesesperfectartworkproductionIndeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir .experienceinterestcareerprospectsacademicbackgroundsDeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill .helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguageshavetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeneedimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsenablestudentstomakebigquickmoneyAccordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto .bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesstaylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustrybecomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldcompetewithafuturearmyofprogrammersTheword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto .persuadefrightenmisguidechallengeText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens–akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands–oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutpotentiallylessconfrontationalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiehabitat.Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownersorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgenciesacoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“statesremaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenfourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesitgoestoofar;sayitdoesn’tgofarenough.“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.Themajorreasonforlistingthechickenasis .itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulationtheunderestimateofthegrasslandacreageadesperateappealfromsomebiologiststheinsistenceofprivatelandownersThe“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit .wasagive-intogovernmentalpressurewouldinvolvefeweragenciesinactiongrantedlessfederalregulatorypowerwentagainstconservationpoliciesItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey .agreetopayasumforcompensationvolunteertosetupanequallybighabitatoffertosupportthemonitoringjobpromisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperationsAccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesis .thefederalgovernmentthewildlifeagenciesthelandownersthestatesJayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport .industrygroupsthewin-winrhetoricenvironmentalgroupstheplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes.”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning–orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.toslotitinasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading–useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.”Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.thinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime.”couldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too–providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause .whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmindwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereadingwhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththemwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteedThe“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto .updatetheirto-dolistsmakepassingtimefulfillingcarrytheirplansthroughpursuecarefreereadingEberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps .encouragetheefficiencymind-setdeveloponlinereadinghabitspromoteritualisticreadingachieveimmersivereading“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif .readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessofthedayallthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwithyouareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreadingtimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusinessThebesttitleforthistextcouldbe .HowtoEnjoyEasyReadingHowtoFindTimetoReadHowtoSetReadingGoalsHowtoReadExtensivelyText4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.andoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougherclimbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuringagood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbs,sayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid,“Ican’taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis .tryingoutdifferentlifestyleshavingafamilywithchildrenworkingbeyondretirementagesettingupaprofitablebusinessItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto .favoraslowerlifepaceholdanoccupationlongerattachimportancetopre-maritalfinancegiveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehomeTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill .becomeincreasinglyclearfocusonmaterialisticissuesdependlargelyonpoliticalpreferencesreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlifeBothyoungandoldagreethat .good-payingjobsarelessavailabletheoldmademorelifeachievementshousingloanstodayareeasytoobtaingettingestablishedisharderfortheyoungWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)BesillyHavefunAskforhelpExpressyouremotionsDon’toverthinkitBeeasilypleasedNoticethingsActYourShoeSize,NotYourAgeAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.childrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart–andforthemostparttheydon’tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapstimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.41. Whatdoesachilddowhensad?Hecries.Whenangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyareanddictateourwhichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.That’saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen–again,likechildren–moveon.42. AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn’tstoptalkingaboutit.oftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.43. Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.44. Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere’sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith–work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandimportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)–itdoesn’tmatter,solongasthey’reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou’reonatightbudget.45._______________________________Havingsaidalloftheabove,it’simportanttoaddthatweshouldn’ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:“Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness.”Andinthat,oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanatural