2015年考研英语二真题

本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取绝密★启用前2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE1.SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith–orevenlookingat–astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyclingtotheirphones,evenwithouta1onasubway.It’sasadreality–ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings–because2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe4 :“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5 ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonanexecutivementalcoach.fearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”fearwe’llbe7.fearwe’llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8 tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9 whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.avoidthisuneasiness,we 10 toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”says.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore.”Butonceweripofftheband-aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn’t12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”TheNewsummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.that20:tostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE16本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE16.1.[A]signal[B]permit[C]ticket[D]record2.[A]nothing[B]little[C]another[D]much3.[A]beaten[B]plugged[C]guided[D]brought4.[A]message[B]code[C]notice[D]sign5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from6.[A]misapplied[B]misinterpreted[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched7.[A]judged[B]fired[C]replaced[D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable[B]confident[C]anxious[D]angry10.[A]attend[B]turn[C]take[D]point11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring12.[A]bend[B]resist[C]hurt[D]decay13.[A]lecture[B]debate[C]conversation[D]negotiation14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predict[D]design16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup18.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inparticular[D]Inconsequence19.[A]unless[B]whereas[C]if[D]since20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rareSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,makingdoingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.homecolleagues–yourfamily–havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourcannotfireyourneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Sonotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome .offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplacewasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementgeneratedmorestressthantheworkplacewasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationAccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?mothers.Childlesshusbands.fathers.Childlesswives.Theblurringofworkingrolesreferstothefactthat .theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingbacktheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivesthereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehinditisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirofficeTheword“moola”(Line4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans .skillsenergyearningsnutritionThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat .familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedhomeishardlyacozierworkingenvironmenthouseholdtasksaregenerallymoremotivatingdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents–thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree–lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis–thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact–wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperiences,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents‘likethem’canimprove.”Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas .reducedtheirdropoutratesnarrowedtheachievementgapmisseditsoriginalpurposedepressedcollegestudentsTheauthorsoftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause .theirfindingsappealtostudentstherecruitingratehasincreasedtheproblemissolvabletheirapproachiscostlessThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents .arefromsingle-parentfamiliesstudyatprivateuniversitiesareinneedoffinancialsupporthavefailedtheircollegeTheauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents .maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojectsareinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollegecanhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudentsareactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapmayinferfromthelastparagraphthat .universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-classstudentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresourcessocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiencescollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented–andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports–inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,stillabigdeal.notexplicitlyconscious;theideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning–and,asRakeshKhurana,anotherprofessor,pointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingonpromptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.likeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.Asalinguistoncesaid,cangetpeopletothinknonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacefundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork–andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome .lessstrategiclessenergeticmoreobjectivemoreemotional“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto .sportsculturegenderdifferencehistoricalincidentsathleticexecutivesKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto .revivehistoricaltermspromotecompanyimagefostercorporatecooperationstrengthenemployeeloyaltyItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn .voicesforworkingwomenappealstopassionateworkaholicstriggersdebatesamongmommiespraisesmotivatedemployeesWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense.Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit.Companiesfindittobefundamental.Managersadmireitbutavoidit.Text4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000（4.4percent）aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes,”theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey .preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsfeelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeetcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobshaven’tseentheweaknessofthemarketInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS .showsageneraltendencyofdeclineishardertoacquirethanoneyearagosatisfiestherealneedofthejoblessislowerthanbeforetherecessionItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare, .itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurancefull-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsuranceitisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceThetextmainlydiscusses .employmentintheUSpart-timerclassificationinsurancethroughMedicaidObamacare’stroublePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)arenotaloneExperiencehelpsyougrowPaveyourownuniquepathMostofyourfearsareunrealThinkaboutthepresentmomentDon’tfearresponsibilityforyourlifeTherearemanythingstobegratefulforSomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimesUnfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.41. Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorSmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.42. Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.mayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.thepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent.43. Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.44. Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement.45. manypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyours