小学英语语法完美版

?小学英语语法?TinaのDOC一、名词〔可数名词和不可数名词〕二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、therebe结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否认句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh〞的特殊疑问句一、名词名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词表人、物质或抽象概念的词1.专有FIFAPeterCocaColaIndianMayOlympics2.普通〔1〕个体housebikedoctorphoto〔2〕集体classgroupfamilyarmy〔3〕物质milkwatersnow〔4〕抽象friendshiphappiness英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1〕单数〔表示一个人或事物〕；2〕复数〔表示多于一个的人或数〕。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词复数形式的构成不规那么名词的复数由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxenPractisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps二、人称代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him itthem形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs第一人称第二人称第三人称后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我们)wentin_________(我们的)car;tomorrow________(我们)aregoingin_________(他们的).5.________(我)lend_________(我的)booksgladlyto_______(我的)friendsandto________(你的).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他们)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加’s child-child’s以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不规那么的复数人称名词末尾加’s children-children’s以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加’ girls-girls’以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加’s James-James’s以下情况一般用“of〞结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西的一局部:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?双重’s结构也可以用于“of〞结构之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词不定冠词的用法：表示“一〞，“任何一个〞或“不管哪一个〞的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导的感慨句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二〞的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物〞。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐〞名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育工程的名词前。playbasketball10.一些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight1.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.11.______Mondaybefore_____SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad______dinner?PractiseatheaTheanaanaa//aanthethe/The/////aaThe//一、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:Theworld\'spopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,theworld\'spopulationwasabout1,700million.在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。二、当主语是表示\"人口的百分之几、几分之几\"时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:AboutseventypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。三、有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如:Chinahasapopulationofabout1.3billion.(=Thereisapopulationofabout1.3billioninChina.)中国大约有十三亿人口。NewYorkisabigcitywithapopulationofover10million.纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。在表示多个地区的人口时,population要用复数形式populations。例如:Manypartsoftheworld,whichoncehadlargepopulationsandproducedplentyofcrops,havebecomedeserts.世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地区已经变成了沙漠。四、表示人口的\"多\"或\"少\",不用\"much\"或\"little\",而要用\"large\"或\"small\"。例如:Indiahasalargepopulation.印度人口众多。Singaporehasasmallpopulation.新加坡人口少。五、询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用\"Howmuch...?\",而用\"Howlarge...?\";在问具体人口时用\"What...?\"。例如:-Howlargeisthepopulationofyourhometown?你们家乡有多少人口?-Thepopulationofourhometownisnearlytwiceaslargeasthatofyours.我们家乡的人口是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。-WhatisthepopulationofCanada?加拿大的人口有多少?-ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。

六、population还表示\"某地、某类的动、植物或物品的总数\"。例如:InIndia,however,thepopulationoftigershasincreased,from2,000in1972toabout5,000in1989.然而在印度,老虎的总数已从1972年的2,000只增长到了1989年的大约5,000只。四、动词动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。实义动词意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词〔及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词〕。即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种。系动词，亦称连系动词〔LinkVerb〕。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟形容词〔表语〕一肯一否三不定〔must一肯，cannot一否，may，might，could，三不定〕shall〔should〕wouldBe动词am,is,arewas,werebeenPractise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam动词的根本形式第三人称单数

动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。动词的过去式现在分词hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。根本结构现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。根本结构一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。根本结构yes，hedid.一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表示主表达在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见〞，即现在已有迹象说明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。根本结构Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.PractiseplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词〔或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句〕前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between时间介词in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其它of,by,with,into,outof,for,

Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'sthepicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.6.–Where’syourstudy?–It’snext____mybedroom.7.Thecar_____thetreeisJack’s.8.Theballis________thedoor,soyoucan’tseeit.9._______________thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking____thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_____mycomputer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindInfrontofatwithstayathome呆在家，home是名词。stayhome呆在家，home是副词，这里home就和there用法差不多。home用作副词的根本意思是“在家,回家,到家〞,多用在behome,gohome,comehome,arrivehome,bringhome,hurryhome等短语中作状语。home本身含有“在〞“到〞的意思,故其前不可用介词to或in。七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词1—12的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-〞2.百位数：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeighty-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位数和十位数之间加and。注意英语中没有“万〞这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-〞连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-firstPractise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC8."Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear____".A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine

9.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.

A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth

10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.

A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpassten

C.ontenpastseventhD.untilten11.Wealllikethe_____boy.

A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.

A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth

13.During____century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.

A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty

14.Jennywasborn_______.

A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10

BBABBBA八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词〔或代词〕的词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.

1.方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly…2.地点副词：here,there,up,down…3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副词：very,quite,much,just…形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

soon

longloudfastwideearlyhappilycarefully副词的比较级和最高级原形比较级最高级soonerlongerlouderfasterwiderearliermorehappilymorecarefullysoonestlongestloudestfastestwidestearliestmosthappilymostcarefully副词的比较级和最高级(不规那么)原形比较级最高级betterworselessmorefartherbestworstleastmostfarthest/furthestwellfarmuchlittlebadly比较级的用法1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比……更……一些〞的意思，通常用一个由附属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了防止重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词/副词+as〞,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否认比较时，可以用notas…as…,notso…as…,也可以用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.比较级的用法3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较〞的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句，越来越...如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputing(计算)fasterandfaster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起用，表示“越……，就越……〞的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbestBeijingersaretrue__________totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How__________Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis______thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_________inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe______________parksinBeijing.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_______ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas__________bythe_________sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds____________.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don’tmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_________boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday’sconcertwaswonderful.I’veneverheardsuchan_________onebefore.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhottercarefullymostbeautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexcitingsleeping是sleep的现在分词或动名词。作前置定语,放在名词前面。3.asleepadj.睡着的,作表语、宾语补足语,指状态。Heisasleep.Heissleeping.Don'twakeupthesleepingboy.Trytodonexttime.〔good〕Ihadseenthefilmonlyafewdays.〔early〕Pleasespeak.〔slowly〕Heworksthanheusedto.〔little)HestudiedthesubjectthanIdo.(far)Youmustworkmuch.(fast)Shecoulddanceeventhanadancer.(gracefully)Canyoucomeoverabit?(quikly)Theyworkasasyoudo.(hard)Ididn’tdoas(so)asIshould.(good)Shecanreadtwiceasashedoes.(fast)lessfurthermoreslowlybetterearlierwellhardmorequiklymoregracefullyfasterfastTherebe的结构肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般疑问句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Are/Werethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否认句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表示“存在有〞,即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不存在)常用这种结构。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,后面跟的是名词,也就是主语,也就是说therebe结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在therebe之后。Therebe的结构Some和any一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否认句和疑问句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊疑问句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原那么：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.只有thereisgoingtobe的结构，没有thereisgoinghave的结构，thereisgoingtobe是therebe的将来时begoingto的结构不可数名词用thereis反意疑问句，根据前一句的意思是肯定还是否认来确定，用isn'tthere还是istherelittlefewalittleafewPractise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．are

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．aresomeboysC．arethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．apple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．are

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．aren'tthere

C．isn'tit

D．arethere7．________isthereonthetable？

A．Howmanyapples

B．Howmuchbread

C．Howmuchbreads

D．Howmanyfood8．Thereis________

oldwomaninthecar．

A．×

B．a

C．the

D．anABBACABD9．There's________

orangetreebehind________

house．

A．an；the

B．a；a

C．the；the10．Thereis

_____mapintheclassroom．____mapisonthewall．

A．a；A

B．the；The

C．a；The

D．the；A11．Thereis____“f〞and_____“u〞intheword“four〞．

A．an；a

B．a；a

C．an；an

D．a；an12．There______

notanywaterintheglass．

A．has

B．is

C．are13．There________

anappleandtenbananasinthebasket．Youcantakeanyofthem．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have14．________anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet？

A．Isthere

B．Arethere

C．Has

D．Have15．Thereislittlewaterintheglass，________？

A．isn'tthereB．isn'tit

C．isit

D．isthere16．There________

somewaterinthebottle．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have17．Howmany

________arethereinyourclassroom？

A．desks

B．desk

C．chair

D．doorACABBBDBA“Wh〞的疑问句What——1)What’sthis/that?2)What’syourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?