高中英语课文理解必修1-2

高中英语课文理解必修1-2TheRoadtoModernEnglishTask1Skimthroughthearticleandfindthemainideaforeachpart.part1TheEnglishspokeninSouthAsiapart2ThereasonsforthechangesinEnglishpart3ThesettlementoftheEnglishlanguagepart4MoreEnglishspeakerspart5NotroubleinunderstandingfornativespeakersFast-readingCarefullyreadthroughthepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.Languagesfrequentlychange.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.Careful-reading1.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.简单句，第一句主谓宾结构，第二句主谓结构。attheendof…“在…的末/尽头”；million“百万”。译：在街道的尽头聚集着数百万人听Lincoln演讲。____________(million)ofpeoplegatheredattheendofthestreet,____________(listen)toLincoln’sspeech.SentenceAnalysisMillionslistening句式变化11.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish,nearlyallof_________livedinEngland.whom2.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.并列句，并列连词and连接两个分句。makevoyages“航海（旅行）”；tobespoken“被讲/说”，作began的宾语。译：郑和的一生中作了多次航海旅行，开创了明朝和南亚、东南亚、西亚的贸易往来。

ZhengHemadeseveral___________(voyage)inhislifetimeandthetradebetweentheMingDynastyandthecountriesinSouthAsia,SoutheastAsiaandWestAsiabegan__________________________(develop).

tobedevelopedvoyages句式变化22.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.

Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld,becauseof__________Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.which3.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.简单句，主谓宾结构。more…thaneverbefore“比以前更多…”；speak…as…“把…当成…来说”。译：现在比以前有更多的中国学生把英语作为一门重要课程来学习。NowadaysmoreChinesestudentsare_____________(learn)Englishasanimportantsubjectthaneverbefore.learning4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.主从复合句，evenif引导让步状语从句。evenif=eventhough“即使…（也）…”，且与although/though/while“虽然…”意义接近，但语气却更强烈。译：即使你以前英语学得不好，我认为只要你努力，你也能学好英语的。Evenifyoufailed___________(study)Englishwellinthepast,inmyview,youcanlearnEnglishwellsolongasyouworkhard(atit).tostudy4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.

WhiletheyspeakEnglishalittle_______(difference),nativeEnglishspeakersalmosthavenotroublein______________(understand)eachother.句式变化3differentlyunderstanding5.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.祈使句+情景对话。wouldliketodosth.“愿意做某事”；comeup(tosp./sb.)“走近；被提出”。译：你愿意一个更好的计划在明天的会上被提出吗？Wouldyoulikeitthatabetterplan______________(comeup)attomorrow’smeeting?willcomeup6.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?

简单句，主谓结构。

overtime“在一段时间里”，介词over意为“在…期间”。

overlunch/dinner“在吃午餐/正餐时”

overtheNewYear/theNationalDay“在春节/国庆节期间”

over[=during/in]thepast20years“在过去20年里”译：岁月磨白了他们的头发，但他们的爱却依然如故。Thehairontheirheadshasturnedgrayovertimebuttheirlove_________(remain)thesameasbefore.

remains7.Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.

主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。

actuallyadv.“事实上，实际上”，近义词组有：

infact/inpractice/ineffect/inreality/asamatteroffact译：虽然英语是很重要的，但事实上要学好英语却不容易。

Englishisofgreatimportance,butitis________(actual)noteasytolearnitwell.actually8.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.简单句，主系表结构，句中的两个spoken…都是过去分词短语作后置定语。English=theEnglishlanguage“英语（语言）”，而句中出现在spoken短语前的theEnglish却表示“特定的英语”。译：就在美国，居住在东部的人与居住在西部的人说的英语都有些不一样。

EvenintheUSA,theEnglishspokenbytheeasternersisalittledifferentfrom_____spokenbythewesterners.that9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.主从复合句，wespeakatpresent是定语从句修饰先行词theEnglish,由于先行词在定语从句内作speak的宾语，所以关系代词that/which被省略。

bebasedonsth.“以…为基础”；

moreAthanB“与其说是B还不如说是A”。译：与其说她生气了，还不如说她非常恼怒。

Sheismoreannoyedthanangry.=Sheisveryannoyed____________angry.ratherthan

9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.

ItwasbasedonGermanratherthantheEnglish_______(speak)atthepresenttime.句式变化4spoken10.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.主从复合句，because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句。lesspron.&adv.“更少，较少”[Ant.more]，修饰介词词组或不可数名词或形容词或副词。lessthan“少于”[Ant.morethan]，nolessthan“不少于，多达”。译：既然他们的质量都是一样的，我宁愿买较便宜的那款。

Sincetheyareofthesamequality,Iwouldratherbuythe________________(expensive)type.lessexpensive11.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.简单句，主谓宾结构。enrich:en+rich(adj.),vt.makesth.becomerich“丰富”enlarge:en+large(adj.),vt.makesth.becomelarger“扩大”deepen:deep(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.deeper“加深”

widen:wide(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.wider“加宽”broaden:broad(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.broader“拓宽”lighten:light(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.lighter“减轻”makeuseofsth.todosth.“利用…来做某事”=usesthtodosth

makegood/fulluseof“充分利用…”；

makethebest/mostof“充分利用…”。译1：应该运用更好的教学方法来减轻课业负担。Betterteachingmethodsshouldbemadeuseof__________(lighten)theburdenofstudents’schoolwork.译2：应该充分利用零碎的时间来记忆英语单词和短语。

Fulluseshouldbemadeoffragmentarytime_____________(memorize)Englishwordsandexpressions.

tolightentomemorize12.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.简单句，主谓宾结构。movevi.“搬家，搬迁”

move(from…)to…（从…）搬迁到…

movesb.(from…)to…把某人（从…）调动到…译：上星期一他举家搬迁到重庆，因为他调到重庆公安局了。LastMondayhetogetherwithhiswholefamilymovedtoChongqingbecausehe___________________(move)toChongqingPublicSecurityBureau.hadbeenmoved13.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.简单句，主谓（宾）结构。settlevt.&vi.解决，确定；定居；安静下来；结算settleanargument解决争论；settlethebill结账；settledownto(doing)sth.定下心来做某事；settlein/intosth.适应译：适应了新学校的生活以后，你应该定下心来认真学习。

After____________(settle)intothelifeofthenewschool,youshouldsettledowntoyourschoolwork.settling

14.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.简单句+主从复合句+简单句，because引导原因状语从句。

alargenumberof+n.(pl.)“大量/许多…”+复谓

thenumberof+n.(pl.)“…的数量”+单谓译：上期，许多学生都喜欢在二食堂进餐，而在六食堂进餐的学生却很少。

LastsemesteralargenumberofstudentspreferredtohavedinnerinNo.2LunchroomwhilethenumberofstudentswhohaddinnerinNo.6Lunchroom______(be)quitesmall.

was14.…Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.…Forexample,averylargenumberofIndianpeoplespeakEnglish_____________(fluent)becauseIndiawasruledbyBritainbetween1765and1947,during____________timeEnglishwastheofficiallanguageforgovernmentandeducation.句式变化5fluentlywhich15.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.简单句，现在分词短语learningEnglishinChina作后置定语修饰people。

increaseto“增加到…”；increaseby“增加了…”；

ontheincrease/rise“在增加/上涨”[Ant.decrease]

译：近今个月来石油价格处于上涨趋势。石油价格上涨了6%，即，增长到了每升6元。

Recentmonthstheoilpricehasbeen______theincrease.Ithasincreased______6%,thatis,ithasincreased_______6yuanperlitre.onbyto16.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.简单句，主谓（宾）结构。developitsownidentity“发展（形成）自己的特色”；

onlyadv.“仅仅，只有”；Only置于句首时，若后接句子主语则用主谓语序，若后接时间、地点、条件等状语则用倒装语序。

译：只有在失去了上大学的机会之后，他才真正意识到了努力学习的重要性。

Onlyafterlosingthechanceofgoingtocollege___________realizetheimportanceofhardwork.

didhe高中英语课文理解必修1-2StandardEnglishandDialects17.…Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

believeitornot“信不信由你”，省to不定式短语作插入语，类似的有letalone“更不要说”；当然，用带to不定式作插入语更常见，如：totell(you)thetruth“说实话”，tobehonest“老实说”，tobefrank“坦率地说”，nottomention“更不要说”，等。译：信不信由你，我觉得他根本不诚实，更不用说可靠。

Believeitornot,inmyeyes,heisanythingbuthonest,letalone_______________(depend).dependable

nosuchthingas…“没有诸如…的东西”，该结构中由于no=nota/any,所以没有冠词；as可用作介词后可接名词，或从属连词，后接定语从句。

注意：such…that…“如此…以至于…”，其中that引导的是状语从句。

译1：世上没有免费的午餐。

Thereis____________thingasafreelunchintheworld.

译2：他所得到的这样的建议结果证明几乎是毫无价值的。

Suchadvice_______hewasgivenprovedtobevalueless.

译3：他是如此优秀的孩子以至于我们都喜欢他。

Heissuch