自考英美文学读书笔记

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！ReadingComprehesion(BritishandAmericanLiterature)EditByCKMidof2009ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature1.1上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介..................................................................................41.2TRP文艺复兴时期).....................................................................5HEENAISSANCEERIOD·)...........................................................................6·)...................................................................................8·)........................................................................................9·)·)·).........................................................................................................131.3TNP新古典主义时期).............................................................13HEEOCLASSICALERIOD·)...........................................................................................................14·)·)·)·)...................................................................................................17·)·比·)...........................................................................18·)1.4TRP浪漫主义时期)........................................................................20HEOMANTICERIOD·)·).....................................................................................21塞·泰·)··)波·比·)............................................................................................24·)简·).............................................................................................251.5TV[':]PERIOD维多利亚时期....................................................26HEICTORIANVIKTƆRIƏN·).............................................................................................27)·)....................................................28·......................................................................................29©copyrightforck第2页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature·)·)...................................................................................................301.6TMP现代主义)..................................................................................31HEODERNERIOD·).......................................................................................33·)................................................................34····)..........................................................................36ӡӡ·2.1TRP浪漫主义时期)........................................................................40HEOMANTICERIOD·).................................................................................40··)......................41·)...............................................................42ɔ·)...................................................................43·)........................................................................................442.2TRP现实主义时期)........................................................................45HEEALISTICERIOD·)·)·)·)...........................................................................................492.3TMP现代时期)..................................................................................50HEODERNERIOD·)·)........................................................................................51·)...................................................................................................52·)...................................................................................52·)·)©copyrightforck第3页➢古英文学范围：450-1066，罗马征服英国➢古英诗分为两类：宗教类和世俗类➢乔叟把角色提到一个立体的高度，有个人独特的气质➢中世纪的英国文学是一个空洞的(barren)时期1、TheperiodofoldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanConquestofEngland.2、Generallyspeaking,theOldEnglishpoetrythathassurvivedcanbedivided,atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetry,isregardedtodayasthenational])4、Romance浪漫史whichusesnarrativeverse诗句orprose散文tosingknightly骑士的adventuresorotherheroicdeedsisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.5、Theworkthatpresented,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,acomprehensiverealisticpictureofthemedievalEnglishsocietyandcreatedawholegallery走廊ofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeismostlikely乔叟的坎特、ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplacetheoldEnglishalliterativeverse、➢文艺复兴时期：中世纪自现代的中间转折期（14世纪到17世纪中叶）➢文艺复兴时期，古罗马和希腊文学的重新发现➢文艺复兴时期的本质：人道主义➢英国文学家认为Petrarch彼德拉克是文学的根源➢文艺复兴早期，诗歌和戏剧是最突出的形式，代表人物BenJohnson,WilliamShakespeare.➢文艺复兴影响英国比较慢，不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆，还因为英国的内乱➢文艺复兴的本质是人文主义者摒弃封建主义，推动新思想的一场运动➢文艺复兴是英国的文学黄金时期1、TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltomodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14andmid-17centuries.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature2、TheRenaissance,whichmeansrebirthorrevial,isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology占星术,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.3、HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance.人道主义是文艺复兴时期的本质4、OneofthemajorresultsofReformationwasthefactthattheBibleinEnglishwasplacedineverychurchandservicesinEnglishsothatpeoplecouldunderstand.、Thereligiousreformationwasactuallyareflectionoftheclassstrugglewagedbythenewrisingbourgeoisieagainstthefeudalӡ封建的classanditsideologyӡ6、Petrarchwasregardedasthefountainhead根源ofliteraturebyEnglishwriters.英国作家认为彼特拉克是文学的根源7、InearlystageoftheRenaissance,poetryandpoeticdramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryformsandtheywerecarriedonespeciallybyShakespeareandBenJonson.本-琼森13008、EliabethandramaisthemainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.伊丽莎白时代的戏剧是英国文艺复兴的主流。1.2.1Edmund['edmənd]埃德蒙·斯宾赛)➢代表作：仙后➢12本书的12种品德©copyrightforck第6页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature➢Spenser：英雄中的英雄，亚瑟➢Spenser的红十字骑士代表神圣➢仙后的结局：骑士和Una结婚➢Spenser：诗人中的诗人1、Spenser’smasterpieceisTheFaerieQueene.仙后2、Spenserspeaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,andplans12books,eachonewithadifferentherodistinguishedforoneoftheprivatevirtues.3、Theheroofheroes,whopossessesallofthesevirtues,isandheistoplayaroleineachofthe12majoradventures.16004、TheRedcrossknightinBookIstandsforSt.George,thepatronsaintofEngland;healsorepresentsHoliness.5、TheFaerieQueeneendswithahappyweddingbetweenRedcrossknightandUna.17006、Spenserhasbeenknownas“thepoets’poet”7、Fivemainqualitiesofspenser’spoetry:Aperfectmelody.➢➢Araresenseofbeauty;少有的美感➢Asplendidimagination;辉煌的想像力➢Aloftymoralpurityandseriousness高尚的道德洁净性和认真性➢Adedicatedidealism.热诚的理想主义©copyrightforck第7页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature1.2.2Christopher克里斯托夫·马洛)➢代表作：共写了六个剧本，最重要的是,Tamburlain,Dr.Faustus,JewofMelta,EdwardII➢Tamburlain描写一个有野心的征服者,从牧师成为了国王➢Dr.Faustus是基于一个德国的传说，一个魔术师为了追求真理，把自己的灵魂卖给了魔鬼➢马洛最大的成就：完善了无韵诗，并使之成为了英国戏剧的主要媒介➢马洛第二个成就：文艺复兴英雄的创造➢马洛：英国戏剧的先行者➢“有激情的牧羊人”是英国文学最美的歌词1、Asthemostgiftedofthe“universitywits”,Marlowecomposedofsixplayswithinhisshortlifetime.Amongthemthemostimportantare:Tamburlaine,Dr.Faustus,TheJewofMalta,EdwardII爱德华.2、Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitiousandpitiless有野心的并且无情的conquerorinthe14centurywhorosefromashepherdthtoanoverpoweringking.22003、Dr.FaustusisaplaybasedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.4、ThethemeofDr.Faustus:AItcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness;BItalsorevealsman’sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder;©copyrightforck第8页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiteratureCAndtheconfinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman’scondition.5、Marlowe’sgreatestachievementliesinthatheperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.6、Marlowe’ssecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.7、MarlowewasbestknownasthepioneerofEnglishdrama.8、Theshortpoempassionateshepherdtohisisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyrics歌词inEnglishliterature.28001.2.3William威廉·莎士比亚)➢代表作：A两个叙述诗：维纳斯和安东尼斯B第十二夜，温莎女子C两个悲剧：罗密欧和朱利叶，朱利叶丝D最伟大的四大悲剧：Hamlet,Othello,Kinglear,Macbeth➢莎士比亚：伟大的剧作家和诗人，38个剧本，154个十四行诗，2个长诗➢莎士比亚关键二十年：1591-1611➢莎士比亚用独白（soliloquies）提示人物内心➢18个十四行诗是莎士比亚最美的十四行诗➢“Tobeornottobe”到自莎士比亚的村庄（Hamlet）➢Shakespeare认为这样一个原则：君主统一是必须的➢Tobeornottobe”meanstoliveonortodie;tosufferortotakeaction.➢许多人把“威尼斯商人”看作是基督徒的虚伪，对犹太人的不公正Shakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrights剧作家andpoetstheworldhaseverknow.Withhis38plays,154soonets十四行诗and2longpoems,©copyrightforck第9页2、Fromabout1591toabout1611,Shakespearewasintheprimeof(正值壮年)hisdramaticcarrer.3、In1593and1594,Shakespearepublishedtwonarrativepoems叙述诗,VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯andTheRapeofLucrece鲁克斯受辱记.4、Shakespeare’scomediesinclude:AMid-summerNight’sdream,TheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing小题大做,Asyoulikeit,(、Thesoliloquies(pl.-quies)、独白inShakespeare’splaysfullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters.7、Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare.The,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermernenceofpoetry.8、”Tobe,nornottoistheisalinetakenfromHamlet村庄.1.2.4FrancisBacon(弗兰西斯·培根)➢Bacon认为，人类的理解力包括三个方法：对历史的记忆，对诗歌的想像和创造，对人类理性的哲学➢Bacon在Ofstudies中提出：某些书是需要尝的，某些书需要吞，某些书需要咀噬和消化➢Bacon写的Novum新工具是用拉丁文写的一套方法（methodology）➢BaconsOfStudiesrevealstoushismatuteattitudetolearning.➢Ofstudies:读书使人充实,讨论使人有准备,写作使人严谨(exact)➢培根的散文集是英国文学的典范1、TheAdvancementofLearningisagreattractoneducation.学术的长进是教育的一个重要阶段2、AccordingtoBacon,understandingconsistsofthreeparts:Ahistorytoman’smemory;Bpoetrytoimaginationandcreation;Candphilosophytoman’sreason.servefordelight,forornament,andforability”isalinetakenfromBacon’sOfStudies.5、InhisessayofOfstudies,Baconsaid:“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.”]servefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexert[influenceoverhumancharacter.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature8、NovumOrganumiswrittenbyFrancisBacon.9、NovumOrganumisasuccessfultreatisewritteninlatinonmethodologyld.1.2.5John翰·邓恩)，日出特点：metaphysical上学流派)基本主旨：爱情JohnDonne在TheSunquestiontheterm“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofthJohnDonne.2、ThoughJohnDonne’spoemswerenotwellacceptedinhislifetime,theearly20centurysawarenewedinterestinhimandothermetaphysicalpoems.th3、JohnDonneistheleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool.4、Thesongsandsonnets,bywhichDonneisprobablybestknown,containsmosthisearlylyrics.Loveisthebasictheme.5、Donne’sgreatproseworksarehissermons说教,whicharebothrichandimaginative.copyrightforck第12页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature1.2.6JohnMilton(约翰·弥尔顿)➢代表作：失乐园，力士参孙（Samson）➢失乐园是分为12本书的史诗，原始故事取至圣经➢力士参孙：基于希蜡模式的戏剧诗➢主旨：意愿自由➢JohnMiltonsTheParodiseLosttellustobegtoGodformercyoradmirehispowerismoreshameful.➢JohnMilton伟大的诗歌著作➢英国浪漫主义时期的作家JohnMilton的名作“失乐园”，取至圣经旧约(Testament)1、ParadiseLostisalongdividedinto12books.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromtheBible.2、In1671appearedlastimportantworkSamsonAgonistes力士参孙,themostpowerfuldramaticpoemontheGreekmodel.3、Thefreedomofthewillisthekeystone基本原理ofMilton’screed纲领.4、ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.5、Milton’sliteraryachievementscanbedividedintothreegroups:AtheearlypoeticworksBthemiddleprosepamphletsCthelastgreatpoems.Period(新古典主义时期)➢新古典主义时期是在1660年斯图亚特王朝对英国政权的回归和1798年英国诗人沃兹沃斯，科尔里奇的热情民歌诗的发布之间的时期➢18世纪的英国：启蒙时期，理性时代➢谢里丹：剧作家的领导形象©copyrightforck第13页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature➢启蒙运动是进步的知识分子的运动NeoclassicalPeriod[ni:əʊ'klæsɪk(ə)l]istheoneinEnglishliteraturebetweenthereturnofthetotheEnglishthronein1660andthepublicationoflyrical热情的byWordsworthandColeridge]in1798.新古典主义时期是在1660年斯图亚特王朝对英国政权的回归和1798年英国诗人沃兹沃斯，科尔里奇的热情民歌诗的发布之间的时期。2、Theeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofEnlightenment启蒙时代ortheageofReason理性时代、Inthetheatricalworld,RichardBrinsleySheridan谢里丹wastheleadingfigureamongahostofplaywrights剧作家.1.3.1JohnBunyan(约翰·班扬)➢代表作：Thepilgrimsprogress(天路历程)➢天路历程：最成功的宗教寓言➢天路历程的主旨：寻求精神上的救世主➢天路历程的文学形象：宗教的，忠诚的，柔韧的➢天路历程中“vanityfair➢英国新古典主义时期的作家JohnBunyang要遵守基督教义，通过与自身弱点和邪恶的斗争来拯救自己1、ThePilgrimsProgess香客、朝圣者(天路历程)isthemostsuccessfulreligious['æliɡəri]寓言intheEnglishlanguage.2、ThePilgrimsProgessbyJohnBunyanisoftensaidtobeconcernedwiththesearchforspiritualsalvation©copyrightforck第14页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature3、Christian,FaithfulandpliablearetheliteraryfiguresinJohnBunyan’sThepilgrim’sprogress.1.3.2Alexander[͵æliɡ'zɑ:ndə]亚历山大·蒲柏)➢代表作:批评论RapeofLock(夺发记)➢批评论:用英雄对联形式写的说教诗➢Pope:第一个介绍理性主义到英国的人➢英国新古典主义时期的作家AlexanderPope在Rapeof夺发记中描写了贵族愚蠢的，空洞的生活1、AsarepresentativeoftheEnlighternment,Popewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalism理性主义toEngland.2、AlexanderPopeiswellknownforthestyleofbitingsatire.HisbestsatiricworkisTheDunciad群愚史诗.3PopemadehisnameasagreatpoetwiththepublicationofAnEssayonCriticismin1711.Popewasthegreatestpoetofhistime.Hestronglyadvocatedneoclassicism新古典主义,emphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrulesoforder,reason,logic,restrainedemotion,goodtasteanddecorum[di'kɔ:r礼节AnessayonCriticismisadidactic[dɪ'dæktɪk]说教的poemwritteninheroic[hi'ruik]Couplets对联.6Wordsarelikeleaves;andwheretheymostabound,Muchfruitofsensebeneathisrarelyfound”Question:A.Identifythepoemandpoet.AlexanderPope,AnassayonCriticism©copyrightforck第15页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiteratureB.Whatideadothetwolinesexpress?Onfruittrees,whereleavesareplentiful,fruitwillbefew.Similary,inapieceofwriting,wheretoomanyfinewordsareused,goodsensewillbemuchreduced.C.SummarizethethemeofthispoemPopeadvisesthecriticsnottostresstoomuchtheartificialuseofConceit独断ortheexternalbeautyoflanguagebuttopayspecialattentiontoTrueWitwhichisbestsetinaplainstyle.1.3.3Daniel['dænjəl]丹尼尔·笛福)➢代表作：鲁滨逊漂流记➢鲁滨逊是一个真实的18世纪中产阶级人物：帝国的创建者和殖民的先行者1RobinsonCrusoe鲁滨迅漂流记,anadventurestoryverymuchinthespiritofthetime,isuniversallyconsideredDanielDefoesmasterpiece.Robinsonhereisarealhero:atypicaleighteenth-centurymiddle-classman.Heistheveryoftheempirebuilder,thepioneer['kɔlənist]殖民者.3、笛福的创作特点Defoewasaverygoodstory-teller.Hehadagiftfororganizingminutedetailsinsuchavividwaythathisstoriescouldbebothcredibleandfascinating.Hissentencesaresometimesshot,crisp脆的andplain,andsometimeslongandrambling漫游的,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration.Hislanguageissmooth,easy,andmostlyvernacular.Thereisnothingartificialinhislanguage,itiscommonEnglishatitsbest.©copyrightforck第16页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature1.3.4Jonathanӡ乔纳森·斯威夫特)➢代表作：格列佛游记➢特点：微讽刺1、In1726,Swiftwroteandpublishedhisgreatestsatiricwork,Gulliver’s.ɡʌɪv格列佛游记2、Inthethirdvoyageӡ]totheFlyingIslandofGulliver’sTravels,JonathanSwiftsatirizesthewesterncivilizationincludingfalseillusionsӡ幻aboutscience,philosophy,historyandevenimmortality不朽.觉3、BittersatireisatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.1.3.5HenryFielding(亨利·费尔丁)➢代表作：TomJoes➢Fielding:英国小说之父➢Fielding:第一个在散文中加入喜剧的片段➢Fielding:ProseHomer➢英国新古典主义作家HenryFielding在理论实践中，第一个创造了“散文体喜剧史诗”1、Fieldinghasbeenregardedbysomeas“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”,forhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel.2OfallthethcenturynovelistsFieldingwasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespeciallya“Comicepicinprose,thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.3、TomJones,thefulltitlebeingTheHistoryofTomJones,isgenerallyconsideredsmasterpiece.4、TomJonesbringsitsauthorthenameofthe“Prose”©copyrightforck第17页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature5、费尔丁的语言特色slanguageiseasy,unlaboured不费力的andfamiliar,butextremelyvividandvigorous.Hissentencesarealwaysdistinguishedbylogicandrhythm,andhisstructurecarefullyplannedtowardsaninevitableending.Hisworksarealsonotedforlively,dramaticdialoguesandothertheatrical[θi'ætrikəl]devicessuchassuspense,coincidenceandunexpectedness.1.3.6['sæmjuəl]Johnson(塞缪尔·约翰逊)➢代表作：英语字典➢Johnson:18世纪最后的新古典主义启蒙家➢英国的新古典主义的作家SamuelJohnson是撰写字典的第一人1、JohnsondistinguishedhimselfastheauthorofthefirstEnglishdictionarybyanEnglishman---ADictionaryoftheEnglishlanguage.2、Johnsonwasthelastgreatneoclassicistenlightenerinthelastthcentury.3、约翰逊的语言风格Johnson’sstyleistypicallyneoclassical,butitisattheoppositeextremefromSwift’ssimplicity[sim'plisiti]orAddison’sneatness.Hislanguageischaracteristicallygeneral,oftenLatin-ateandfrequentlypolysyllabic͵ɔlisi'læbik]多音节的.Hissentencesarelongandwellstructured,interwovenwithparallel['pærlel]并行的wordsandphrases.However,nomatterhowcomplexhissentencesare,thethoughtisalwaysclearlyexpressed;andthoughhetendstouse“learnedwords”,theyarealwaysaccurately['ækjurit]used.Readinghisworksgivesthereadertheimpressionthatheistalkingwithaverylearnedman.1.3.7RichardBrinsleySheridan(理查·比·谢立丹)➢代表作：情敌，造谣学校➢Sheridan：18世纪唯一的戏剧家➢Sherian的情敌和造谣学校是shakespeare和BernardShaw的重要连接©copyrightforck第18页➢Sherian的主旨：道德➢造谣学校的角色：Backbite,sneerwell,LadyTeazle.➢英国新古典主义的作家RichardBrinsleySheridanShakespeare以后最好的喜剧作品1、SheridanwastheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthethcentury.2、Sheridansplays,especiallyTheRivals竞争者（情敌）andTheSchoolforScandal造谣学校,aregenerallyregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw伯纳德小丛林[bə:'nɑ:d,,andastureclassics['klæsik]in4、Backbite,Sneerwell,andladyTeazlearecharactersintheplayTheSchoolforScandalbyRichardBrinsleySheridan.1.3.8Thomas托马斯·格雷)➢英国的新古典主义作家ThomasGray的墓园挽歌:Tellusthatgreatfamily,wealth,andbeautywillnotpreventpeoplefromreachingtheirfinaldestination-grave.1Thomassmasterpiece,ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽词waspublishedin1751.InthepoemofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,Grayreflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy).ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiteraturePeriod(浪漫主义时期)➢浪漫主义时期：1798（Worsworth抒情歌谣的发表）----1832（Scott的死）➢浪漫主义的重要文学形式：诗➢浪漫主义时期主要作家：Austen,Scott➢WilliamHazlitt对Shakespeare,伊丽莎白戏剧作出了批评➢Austen的主旨：爱情和结婚➢浪漫主义时期是一个诗歌的时代（poetry）EnglishRomanticism[rə'mæntisizəm],isgenerallysaidtohavebegunin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridgesLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScottsdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheparliament.2、TheliteraryformwhichisfullydevelopedandthemostflourishingduringtheRomanticPeriodispoetry.3、WilliamHazlittisagreatcriticonShakespeare,Elizabethandrama,andEnglishpoetry.4、ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAustenandWalterScott.5、ThemajorthemeofAustensnovelisloveandmarriagetowardwhichsheholdsonapracticalidealism---loveshouldbejudgedbyreasonanddisciplinedbyself-control.1.4.1WilliamBlake威兼·布莱克)➢代表作：天堂与地狱的婚姻，天真之歌，经验之歌➢天堂与地狱的婚姻标志Blake的成熟➢天真之歌和经验之歌是以儿童为中心➢Blake用可怕的对称性，建议上帝创造两个对立面的和谐性➢“天真之歌”中的很多诗在“经验之歌”中有姐妹篇，如羔羊对应猛虎➢英国的浪漫主义时期的作家WilliamBlake，在经验之歌和天真之歌中，都有ChimneySweeper(烟冲打扫者的诗文，在此诗文中，Blake可怜那些被卖去当©copyrightforck第20页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature学徒的年青孩子➢英国浪漫主义时期作家WilliamBlakeholdthesimilarsubject-matter,buttheirtone,emphasisandconclusiondiffer.➢英国浪漫主义作家WilliamBlake的“经验之歌”描写了另一个世界，这个世界有战争，疾病等，充满了悲伤的笔调、Inhispoem“tyger,tyger”住手,WilliamBlakeexpresseshisperceptionofthe“fearfulsymmetry['simitri]对称”ofthebigcat.Thephrase“fearfulsymmetry”suggeststheharmonyofthetwooppositeaspectsofGod’s.2ChildhoodiscentraltosconcerninthesongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience,andthisconcerngivesthetwobooksastrongsocialandhistoricalreference.3、sMarriageofHeavenandHellmarkshisentryintomaturity.4、ThepoemssuchasTheChimneyweeperarefoundinbothSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperiencebyWilliamBlake.1.4.2WilliamWordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯)➢代表作：Iwonderlonelyasacloud,Solitary孤独的收割者)➢湖边三圣：Wordsworth,Sounthy,Coleridge➢Wordworth的诗按主题分为两类：自然和人类生活➢Wordworth主旨：普通人的高兴与悲哀➢Wordsworth提倡自发的有力感情的表达1、ThepoetRobertSouthey,WordsworthaswellasColeridgelivednearby,andthethreemenbecameknownasthe“LakePoets.94502、Accordingtothesubjects,Wordsworthsshortpoemscanbeclassifiedintotwogroups:poemsaboutnatureandpoemsabouthumanlife.3、Wordsworththinksthatcommonlifeistheonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.Thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.©copyrightforck第21页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature4、WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocated['ædvkit]提倡theexpressionofthespontaneous[spɔn'teinis]自发的overflowofpowerfulfeelings.5、ReadingcomprehensionForoft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,theyflashuponthatinwardeye”A.IdentifytheauthorandthetitleWordsworth;IwonderedLonelyasaCloudB.Whatdoesthephraseinwardeye”mean?HumansoulC.WriteoutthemainideaofthepassageinplainEnglishThepoetexpresseshisloveforthedaffodils.1.4.3SamuelTaylorColeridge(塞·泰·科勒律治)➢代表作：恶魔类：古舟子颂,Christable,忽必烈汗日常类:半夜冰霜➢急必烈汗是Coleridge吸完鸦片后在梦中完成➢Coleridge和Wordworth联合发表抒情歌谣,是英国诗歌的里程碑1In1798,WordsworthandColeridgepublishedajointvolumeofpoetry,LyricalBallads抒情诗,whichbecamealandmark里程碑inEnglishpoetry.2、spoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:thedemonicandtheconversational.会话的3、ThedemonicgroupincludesColeridge’sthreemasterpieces:TheRime白霜ofthe©copyrightforck第22页AncientMariner['mærin水手古舟子颂,Christ-able柯里斯塔贝尔andKublaKhan忽必烈汗.4、KublaKhanwascomposedinadreamafterColeridgetooktheopium.Butwhenhewaswritingthemdown,astrangerinterruptedhimandthevisionwasneverrecaptured.Only54linessurvived.➢代表作:DonJuan(唐璜，哈罗德游记➢拜伦的作品多为人物经历集，作品多少有自己的影子，哈罗德游记便是一例➢拜伦的最大贡献:创造了拜伦式的英雄➢英国浪漫主义时期的作家GeorgeGordonByron最大的贡献是创建了“拜伦式1、DonJuan唐璜isByronsmasterpiece,agreatcomicepicoftheearly19thcentury.ItisaTheunifyingprincipleinDonJuanisthebasicironic[aɪ'rɔnɪk]themeofappearanceand3AsaleadingRomanticist,schiefcontributionishiscreationofthe“Byronic,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiterature1.4.5PercyByssheShelley波·比·雪莱)➢代表作:英国男人,解放了的普罗米修斯,西风颂➢Shelley的政治抒情词:英国男人➢Shelley的最大成就:解决了的普罗米修斯➢Shelley的名句:如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?➢PercyByssheShelley是伟大的浪漫主义诗人1、OneofShelleysgreatestpoliticallyricsisMenofEngland.106502”Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?”isan[͵epiɡrə'mætik]讽刺诗的linelyShelley.3、Shelley’sgreatestachievementishisfour-actpoeticdrama,Prometheus[pr'miθju:s]Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯,itsbasedontheGreekmythology.[mi'θɔlӡ神话学4、ThethemeoftotheWestWind.西风颂Shelleyeulogizedӡthepowerfulwestwindandexpressedhiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.1.4.6JohnKeats(约翰·济慈)➢代表作:夜莺颂,希腊古瓮颂➢夜莺颂表达了自然幸福与人类痛苦的对照➢希腊古瓮颂表达了艺术的永恒与人类激情的短暂的对照1、TheodesaregenerallyregardedasKeatssmostimportantandmatureworks.OdetoaNightingale['naitiŋɡ夜莺颂expressesthecontrast['kɔntræst]betweenthehappyworldofnaturallovelinessandhumanworldofagony极大的痛苦.©copyrightforck第24页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiteratureOdeonaGrecian['ɡri:∫n]Urn希腊古瓮颁showsthecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransienceofhumanpassion.4、济慈诗歌的主要特点Keats’spoetryisalwayssensuous['sensjus]敏感的,colorfulandrichinimagery['imidri],whichexpressestheacuteness['kju:tnis]尖锐性ofhissenses.Sight,sound,scent,tasteandfeelingarealltakenintogiveanentireunderstandingofanexperience.Hehasthepowerofenteringthefeelingsofothers—eitherhumanoranimal.1.4.7Jane['ɔ:stin]简·奥斯汀)➢代表作：傲慢与偏见➢傲慢与偏见描写了Darcy与伊丽莎白的爱情故事➢Austen的主旨:人类关系➢JaneAusten是英国浪漫主义时期的现实主义作家1、Austensmainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationship.2Thesentencethreeorfourfamiliesinacountryvillagearetheverythingtoworkon”canbebestreflectthewriterspersonalknowledgeandrangeofwriting.ThiswriterisJaneAusten.3、PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见mainlytellsofthelovestorybetweenarich,proudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet.ɪ'lɪzbθ]4、分析小说“傲慢与偏见”中的人物伊莉莎白的性格特点A.Elizabethisclever,alert,observant机警的.SheismoreobservantandlesscharitablethanJaneinrecognizingthecharactersofBingleyssisters.SherecognizesMr.Collions’characterinhisletterandaftermeetinghimturnsdownfirmlyandwithdignity面子hispatronizingproposal.Sheisabletomatchwits©copyrightforck第25页ReadingcomprehensionforBritishandAmericanLiteraturewithDarcyseveraltimesandwithColonelFitzwilliam,earningtheirrespectandadmiration.B.Fearlessandfrank,notrattledbytheattackofLadyCatherinedeBourgh,shewinsanotablevictory,sendingherLadyshipawaycompletelyrouted.Sheisindependentbutnotinfallibleinherjudgment---takeninbythecharmoftheworthlessWickham.ShecannotbeblamedformisjudgingDarcy.C.Sheshowsflexibility,discernment洞察力,andhonestyofmindwhenshereadssdefenseinhisletterandadmitsthejusticeofmuchofwhathesay.Thusbeginningtoloseherprejudiceagainsthim.SherecognizesandvaluestrueworthwhensheencountersitinJane,theGardiners,and,neartheendofthenovel,inDarcy.SheseesmoreclearlythanherfatherthedangerofsendingLydiatoBrighton.12050[vik'tɔ:riən]EmilyBonte的Wuthering呼啸山庄Catherine的奶妈Nelley向山庄的住客Lockwood讲述的，后者也见证了过程。1、Chronologically[kr`nɔldɪkeli]历史上的theVictorianPeriodroughlycoincides͵kuin'said]withthereign[rein]ofQueenVictoria[vik'tɔ:ri]whoruledoverEnglandfrom1836to1901.2、维多利亚时期的历史背景A.TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelolpmentaswell