新编大学英语4教学课件：句子成分转换

PartFourWritingandTranslation1.Translation2.WritingKnowingAboutTranslationTranslationWritingPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation句子成分转换KnowingAboutTranslation由于英、汉语言结构的差异，翻译时往往不能逐字逐句对应地进行，需要作结构调整，即句子成分转换，以保证译文的流畅。句子成分转换主要体现在以下几个方面：

1.主语的转换>>

2.状语的转换>>

3.定语的转换>>例(1)

Heisadmiredbyeverybody.

大家都很钦佩他。（主语he译成宾语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1.1主语译成宾语：主要用于英语被动句译成汉语时。1.主语的转换例(2)

Asthematchburns,heatandlightaregivenoff.火柴燃烧时发出光和热。（主语heatandlight译成宾语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation例(4)

Abouthalfwaythroughmyfinalyearofhighschool,

Iwashoundedbymyparentstoenrollinuniversity.在我高中最后一年的中途，父母逼着我考大学。（主语I译成宾语）例(3)

JacobNeusnerarguesthatwe

havebeenmadetobelieve,accordingtoourcollegeexperience,that“failureleavesnorecord”...雅各布·诺伊斯纳认为大学经历使得我们认为：“失败不会留下任何记录”······（主语we译成宾语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1.2主语译成谓语例(1)

Caremustbetakenatalltimestoprotecttheinstrumentfromdustanddamp.

应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。（主语care转译成谓语动词）例(2)

Myrefusal

toclaimresponsibilityformyactionsandmyabuseofnewlygainedindependenceandfreedomfromparentalrulehadcombinedtoensuremymarkswerebelowthepassinggradeandtomakemyChristmasblack.TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation我不愿为自己的行为承担责任，对于才到手的不受父母管制的独立和自由，随心所欲地享用，两者加起来确保了我的得分低于及格线，使我的圣诞节一片漆黑。（主语myrefusal,myabuse转译成谓语动词）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1.3主语译成状语例(1)

Pictures

showhiminthecompanyofmenlikeChurchill,EinsteinandGandhi.在这些照片中我们可以看到他和丘吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人在一起。（主语pictures转译成状语）例(2)

Opinionpollsletusknowthat,besidestheenvironment,anotherthingAmericansworrymostaboutistheirhealth.从民意测验中我们了解到，除了环境问题，美国人最为担忧的另一件事是他们的健康。例(1)

SincetheinventionofthetransistorattheBellTelephoneLaboratoriesin1948,ithasfounditswayintovariedapplicationsinthecommercial,industrialandmilitaryfields.自从1948年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来，商业、工业和军事各个领域都广泛应用了这一发明。（状语inthecommercial,industrialandmilitaryfields转译成主语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2.状语的转换PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation例(2)

Itcanbeseen

intheresultsoftheexperimentthatthenewapproachismuchbetterthanwhatwehadtriedbefore.实验结果表明，新的方法比我们所尝试过的要好得多。（状语intheresultsoftheexperiment转译成主语）例(1)

Hedrewadeepbreath.他深深地吸了一口气。（其中定语deep转译成状语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation英语中具有动词意义的名词构成的短语，修饰名词时经常转译成状语.3.定语的转换例(2)

Themountaineerstookagood

restbeforetheysetoffuptothetopofthemountainagain.在向山顶再次进发前，登山者们好好地休息了一下。（其中的定语good转译成状语）PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Thereisadefinitedifferencebetweenunderstandingandapplyingconcepts,andmemorizingfactsthatwillbesimplyforgottenassoonastheexamisover.

理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘的一干二净的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。TranslationPractice3)

Testsaretheeasiestwayforprofessorstoaccuratelygaugetheamountastudentislearning,atleastinlargerclasses.

2)Especiallyintechnicalareas,thingsarechangingsorapidlythatthemostonecanhopetogetoutofanundergraduateeducationistheabilitytolearn.Forthat,memorizingfactswillnotbenearlyasusefulasgainingtheabilitytoapplytheminrelevantsituation.

PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation尤其在技术领域，变化如此迅速，以至于我们从本科教育中所能期望的最大收益是学习能力的培养。因此，记住事实不如获取应用的能力。对教授们来说，考试是评估学生掌握了多少知识的最为简易的方法，至少在比较大的班级是如此。5)Inreallife,wecan’tanticipatewhatwillhappentomorrowanddon’tknowwhatshouldbepreparedfor.

4)Farfromanopen-booktest,reallifeisatestthatyoucannevergetfullyreadyforandyoucan,bynomeans,retakeit.

PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation现实生活远非一场开卷考，它是一场你永远都无法完全准备好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。在现实生活中，我们无法预测明天会发生什么，也不知道该准备些什么。6)Failureandsuccess,upsanddownsarecharacteristicofreallife,whichisnoteasyasonewouldassume.

PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation成功失败，起起落落，这些都是现实生活的特征，它并非如人们所猜想的那么容易。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Writing1)Directions:

WritealetteroressayasaresponsetoBobGreene’s“ThoseCollegeFinals”.Explainwhyyouagreeordisagreewithhim.WritingPracticeApossibleoutline:

A.SummarizeGreene’spoints.

B.Commentoneachofhismainpoints.

e.g.Canonealwaysbringabookalonginreallife?

Isreallifeanopen-booktest?

Isreallifemucheasierthancollegelife?

C.ConclusionSamplePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingDearfriend,AfterIreadyouressay"ThoseCollegeFinals",somequestionspopintomymind.Yousaidthatthemostmiserablemomentofacollegestudent'slifeisduringfinalexamweek,thatreallifeisanopen-booktest,andthatreallifeismucheasierthancollegelife.However,Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.Firstly,thepurposesoffinalsaretoshowhowstudentsaregettingonwiththeirstudies,helpthemfindtheirweaknessesandhaveabettergraspofwhattheyhavelearned.Ifoneworkshardatothertimes,oneshouldn'tbeafraidoffinals.SampleTobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingThefinal

examweekisthusbynomeansthemostmiserablemoment.Secondly,inreallife,wecan'tanticipatewhatwillhappentomorrowanddon'tknowwhatshouldbepreparedfor.Soitisnoteasier.Onthecontrary,itismuchmoredifficultthancollegelife.SoIthinkyouneedtotakeacloserlookatcollegelifeandreallife,gainabetterunderstandingofbothsothatyouwon'tgotoextremes.Ihopeyou'llbemorepositivetowardstheworld.

Yourssincerely,

PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Writing2)Directions:

Writeananecdoteaboutyourschoollifethatyouthinkisfunny.ReadittoyourclassmatesnexttimeyouhaveanEnglishclass.

SamplePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Writing

WhentheNationalEntranceExamwasapproaching,simulatedtestsbecamemorefrequent.Onemorning,wehadamathtestfirst.Itwasverydifficultandwewereallverydepressed.Thephysicstestwouldsoonfollow.Weallbeggedtheteachernottogivei