散文-篇章翻译英译汉

politicalsocialsciencesoperationalexpert/technologistmilitaryBiginflationaryuniversetheorygrammaticalpatternground-baseddetectorballoon-bornethe:Continents&SouthPacificAtlanticnArcticcountries&theNewpaythebill theHumanRightsBill BillGates aone-dollarbill killapig killacow killtime killtherumor Likeotherhumanbeings,heencounterssomemoralissues… You’vegottogotowork,whetheryoulikeitornot. Weallhavedifferentlikesanddislikes. InventionslikeTVsandcomputershavechangedourlifesignificantly. Theletterwascorrectlyaddressed,butdeliveredtothewronghouse. Iwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanlivingroom. Wemustaddresstheproblemoftrafficpollution. Thenumberofreportedcrimesisincreasingatanalarmingrate. ahighrateofunemployment Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverage Theyhavetheirownsandtears. Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter. 二、语法积累（信号词Socialscienceisthatbranchof lectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalWhether ernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorvice（反之）oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingFurthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshaandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirst toturnthenewlyinventedescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous（self-erning）manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhicha isheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind’sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.Someofthesecausesarecompleyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonot lhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyas