句子的次要成分

句子的次要成分：表语、定语、状语、补语1表语Thepredicative辨析下列句子的下划线部分1.Whatnationalityishe?2.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.3.Tomisthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.Diamondsareprecious.5.ThefilmwesawlastSundayismovingandwewereallgreatlymoved.6.Allwecandonowistosendhimane-mail.7.Hehasbeenawayfortwoweeks.8.Suchanarticleisbeyondtheunderstandingofthestudents.9.Ourcountryisnotwhatitusedtobe.注意：Hewasdepressed.Heisinteresting.Hewaspunished.Heisworking.Predicative

表语●什么是表语：●什么是系动词：●表语的位置：在英语中表示主语的身份，状态，特征等的部分叫表语。可以用作表语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，从句等。表语位于系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。

系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，常与后面的表语一起构成系表结构充当谓语。连系动词1.be(am\is\are\was\were)

动词是最常见的系动词，可以有多种表语。

2.表示“变得,成为”:become\turn\grow\go\run\come\fall\get…3.表示状况，样子等：seem,appear,look

看起来，看上去4.感官系动词表示感觉：feel摸起来，感觉；

smell闻起来；

taste尝起来；

sound听起来,；look看起来5.表示维持状态：prove证明是；remain保持，仍然；

stay保持，停留；keep保持；stand保持；lie维持

Exercise1：名师小课堂P48的表语练习Exercise2:选择正确的答案

1．----WhereisGeorge？Hesaidhewouldmeetmehereat3O'clock.----Heseems____withMrBrownintheoffice.A．totalkB．tobetalkingC．tohavetalkedD．talking2．Theyfoundtherewas____toweighsuchanelephant.A．bigenoughnothingB．nothingenoughbigC．enoughnothingbigD．nothingbigenoughBD

Chooseasuitableanswerforeachsentence.

3.Thecottonfeels______.

(A.softB.softly)4.Ifelt______sorryathiswords.

(A.terribleB.terribly)5.Thelittleherolooked___attheenemy.

(A.angryB.angrily)6.Tasting______,thefoodwassoonsoldout.(A.goodB.well)7.Itis______ofyoutoact______.(A.badB.badly)BAB

AA8．Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.

[

]A．notmake

B．nottomakeC．notmaking

D．donotmake9．Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.

A．pay

B．payingC．Paid

D．topay10．Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink____?

[

]A．tastesbest

B．smellsmostC．drinksmostly

D．soundsbest11．----Hello,Tom,wherewereyoulastnight?----____.[

]A．ToBrown'sB．TotheBrowns'C．InBrown'sD．IntheBrowns'BDAC12．Themeetingwasputoff,____wasexactly____wewanted.

[

]A．it；that

B．as；thatC．which；what

D．this；what13．Hissuithasbecomeloose．Heseems____weight.[

]A．tolose

B．beinglostC．losing

D．tohavelostDC2定语TheAttributive定语的含义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。ayounggirlawomandrivermyfatherfiveboysthestudentinblueasmilingteacherretiredworkersanadoptedsonIamlookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.Idon’tknowthemanstandingoverthere.定语的分类和位置：前置定语2.后置定语后置定语可以分为三大类：1.定语从句

2.短语

3.单个词不定式短语现在分词短语过去分词短语非谓语动词短语形容词短语介词短语ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do

today.Doyouknowthemansurroundingthegirl?Doyouknowthemansurroundedbythem?Thosepresentatthemeetingallgraduatedfromthisschool.People

in

the

world

play

basketball.

Shehadmanypencils,red.Exercise1.找出下列句子中的定语。Thelittleboyneedsaredpen.

Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.Hisbicycleneedsrepairing.Tom’shairneedscutting.Twoboysareplayingtabletennis.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.Thehospitalhastwelvemennurses.Theyaretalkingaboutamathsproblem.TheboyintheclassroomisafriendofMary’s.TheboyinblueisMike.形容词red,wrong代词或名词所有格his,Tom’s数词two，thirty名词men,maths介词短语intheclassroom,inblue6)ThebestboyhereisTom.Theschoolthereisakeymiddleschoolinourcity.Heissittinginthesmokingroom.Hegaveaninspiringspeechyesterday.Theboytowritehisletterisourmonitor.Thereisnothingtodotoday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.10)ThegirlyouwillknowisMary.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.副词here,thereV-ing动词不定式过去分词从句Exercise2:Multiplechoice1)The____isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’shop2)Therearefivepairsofshoes____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.(上海1999)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing3)IfIhad____,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.(NMET1998)A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenoughBBA4)______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave5)Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(n)______trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple6)-I’mvery_____withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.-Mm,itdoeshavea______smell.(上海2002春)A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasantCDD7)Willthose______thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching8)–Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforaclimbing?-Yes,youcouldn’thopefor______atthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.thenicestdayD.anicerday9)This______girlisLinda’scousin.A.SpanishprettylittleB.SpanishlittleprettyC.prettylittleSpanishD.littleprettySpanishADC两个以上的单词（副词除外）作定语时，应注意它们的先后排列顺序。一般规则是，与被修饰词关系较密切的词最靠近名词。一般顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格）＋序数词

＋

基数词＋描述性形容词（短词在前，长词在后）＋大小、长短、形状（large,long,round,narrow)＋

新旧、年龄、程度（new,old,young,hot,cool)＋颜色＋国籍＋材料

＋中心词。10)TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11)Ihavemanyfriends,______somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom12)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.inthatCDA13)–Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what14)Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterwhichC.afterthatD.fromthis15)Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what16)Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.inwhichB.thatC.bywhichD.howBBBA状语TheAdverbial状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。什么可以充当状语？

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语以及句子来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

状语的用途：

可以分为2大类：修饰动词的；修饰整个句子的Helistenstoteachersclosely.Canyousolvetheprobleminanotherway?

Luckily,Tomdidn`tmisstheearlybus.辨析下列句子的状语分别由什么充当：Tocatchtheearlybus,Tomroseearlyyesterday.2Tomroseearlyyesterdaysothathecaught/couldcatchtheearlybus.3

Tomcaughttheearlybusbyrisingearlyyesterday.4Surprisingly,thereisanoldphotoofmymominthedrawer.5Theycamehomeeventually,exhaustedbutdelighted.Knowinghisaddress,wefoundhishomewithoutanydifficulty.Havingbeenrobbedofhernecklace,shewasfrightenedandfurious.非谓语todo状语从句介词短语副词非谓语doing非谓语done辨析下列句子的状语分别由做什么状语：(1)时间状语

Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.

Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.(2)地点状语

PandasonlyliveinChina.

Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.(3)程度状语

Hereadverycarefully.

Ihavequitealotofworktodo.(4)目的状语

We’llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.

Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.(5)方式状语

Wegotoschoolonfoot.

PleasedoitasItoldyou.(6)让步状语

Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.

Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.(7)条件状语

Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers.

Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.(8)比较状语

Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.

Mikeisnotas(so)tallasJack.(9)原因状语

I’mgladtomeetyou.

Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(10)结果状语

Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.。

Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.(11)伴随状语

Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.

Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.练习：名师小课堂P48补语Thecomplement补语分为两种：一种为对宾语进行补充说明的宾语补足语，简称宾补；一种为对主语进行补充说明的主语补足语，简称主补。一般以宾语补足语居多。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。例如：1.HisfathernamedhimJames.2.Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtoacceptyoursuggestion.

4.Wheneveryoumaygo,youwillfindhimatwork一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：

Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：

TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词：

Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,paint,drive,等。3、现在分词：

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.4、过去分词：

HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.常接分词做宾补的词有：1.过去分词用在感官动词,或表示心理状态的动词等的后面.如:

find,think,see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice等

Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.2.过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的使役动词have,make,get,keep,leave后面。Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.Youshouldn’tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。3.过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect,order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面.Theteacherwouldn’twishtheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.

4.过去分词用在“with+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，表示时间，方式，条件，原因等。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.

Withwaterheated(加热),wecanseethesteam.

二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：

Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：2、当过去分词-ed充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：

IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)

3、当现在分词v-ing充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着主谓关系，即：宾语是动作的执行者或发出者，如：

Ialwaysseetheboyswimmingintheriver.

(Theboyisalwaysswimmingintheriver.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：

Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor,think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。Practice1单句改错Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.It