医学常用英文术语

MedicalEnglish

--terminology(术语)ZhangFan,AssociateProfessor张帆副教授HainanMedicalUniversity海南医学院SelfIntroductionBachelordegreeinClinicMedicine,XiangyaMedicalSchool,CSU;MasterdegreeinNutrition,King’sCollegeLondon,UniversityofLondonMDinNutrition,NutritionandHealthInstitute,ChinaCDCQuestionsWhatdoesMedicalEnglishmeantoyou?Whydowehavetolearnit?WhatarethedifferencesbetweenMedicalEnglishandPublicEnglish?ThedifficultiesinmedicalEnglishNewwordsLongsentencesbodyarticlesystemsorganstissuescellspartsparagraphssentenceswords1.OriginsofMedicalLanguageMedicalTermsGreek&LatinEponymsAcronymsModernlanguagearthritisParkinsondiseaselaser

(lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation)NuclearMedicinescannerParkinsondiseasehepatitisSARSposttraumaticstressdisorderarthritisMenierediseasenuclearmedicinescannerAIDSAlzheimerdiseaseosteoporosisExerciseGreekorLatinB.EponymC.AcronymD.modernlanguageExamplevein→venovenofibrosisvenographyvenosclerosisvenovenostomy2.WordPartsProblem：

medicaltermsaretoolong,whatcanwedo？venofibrosis=veno静脉+fibro纤维+sis状态（化）venography=veno静脉+graphy造影术venosclerosis=veno静脉+sclero硬+sis化venovenostomy=veno静脉+ven静脉+ostomy吻合术2.WordPartsExamplegastroduodenostomy——acommunicationbetweenthestomachandthefirstpartofthesmallintestine.Examplegastro=胃(stomach)duodenum=十二指肠anastomosis=吻合术gastro+duoden+ostomy=?1)combiningformInthelinguisticsofwordformation,acombiningformisabounddesignedtocombinewithanothercombiningformorafreeword.TherearehundredsofcombiningformsinEnglishandotherEuropeanlanguages.Astraditionallydefined,theycannotstandaloneasfreewords.E.g.,bio-graphy=biographyCombiningvowelInGreekandLatingrammar,combiningbasesusuallyrequireathematicorstem-formingvowel.Avowelusuallyfacilitatesthecombination:inbiography,theGreekthematicvowel-o-,inminiskirt,theLatinthematic-i-.Thisvowelisusuallyregardedasattachedtotheinitialbase(bio-,mini-)ratherthanthefinalbase(-graphy,-skirt).E.g.,auto-analysis,hydro-electricity2)WordFormation1.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword?urinaryskeletalgastrointestinalcoronaryarterycompoundwordgastrointestinal胃+combiningvowel+肠道+suffix(adj.)2)WordFormation2.Theadjectiveforthorax

胸

is____thoraxicthoracicthoralthorialthoraxial2)WordFormationTheadjectiveforthorax

is

thoracic

CaseStudyMultipleHealthProblems-SecondarytoInjuryCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryD.S.,a28-year-oldwoman,wastreatedforinjuriessustainedinatrainderailmentaccident.sustain-v.经受derailment-n.出轨

cognitivederailment-认知错乱CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryDuringthecourseofhertreatment,shewasseenbyseveralspecialists专科医师.Forpaininherkneeandhipjoints,shewasreferred转诊

toanorthopedist.Formigraineheadachesandblurry

模糊vision,sheconsultedaneurologist.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryForpainonurination排尿

andoccasionalbloodyurine,shesawaurologist.Later,forapersistentdrycoughandproblemsresultingfromafracturednose,shewasreferredtoanotorhinolaryngologist.Q1.The-ist

inthewordsisa:biningforme.conjunction

CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryDuringherinitialcourseoftreatment,shehadaCTscanofherabdomen腹部

andbrainandanMRIofherhipandknee.Q2.MRIstandsformagneticresonanceimaging.Thistermrepresentsa(n):biningformb.acronymc.prefixd.suffixBothimagingstudiesrequiredhertoliemotionlessonherbackfor45minutes.Q3.Thispositionisreferredtoas:nec.lateralrecumbentd.lithotomye.TrendelenburgCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjurySeveralmonthsaftertheaccident,D.S.wasstillexperiencingsomediscomfort,andshedecidedtoinvestigatealternativetherapies替代疗法.Shemadeanappointmentwithapractitionerwhospecializedinhomeopathy顺势疗法

andherbalmedicine.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjuryBeforeherappointment,shebrowsedintheNutra-MedicaShop,whichcarriednutritional

supplements营养补充剂,vitaminandmineralproducts,homeopathicremedies顺势治疗药,andherbalformulas方剂.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblems

SecondarytoInjurySheplannedtoaskthetherapistaboutsomeoftheproductsthatshesawthere,whichincludedremedieswiththetradenamesPneumogen,Arthogesia-Plus,Renovite,Nephrostat,andHematone.Q4.TheproductsRenoviteandNephrostatarenamedfortheiractiononthe:a.lungb.nervesc.liverd.hearte.kidneyPrefixExercise1an aboveect,ex differentend,en large,enlargeheter without,nothom within,innerhyper outer,outhypo belowmeg aroundmicr sameperi smallCommonsuffixCommonsuffixTechniquesforlearningmedicaltermsbuiltfromwordpartsAnalyzingDefiningBuildingAnalyzingDividethetermintowordpartswithverticalslashes:“/”Labeleachwordpartbyusingtheabbreviations:WR,P,S,CVLabelthecombiningformsExercise2hypodermic antisepticdyskinesia

periodontitis

ToanalyzethemedicalwordsExercise2RootRoot+Suffix Prefix+Root+Suffixdermdermic hypodermic sept septic antiseptickineskinesis