高考英语复习课件②：Unit-18-Inventions(孙逸豪推荐)

Unit18Inventions

记忆重现

考点梳理重点单词考纲单词

otherwise,track,attempt,pilot新课标单词reject,trial,possibility,previous,aware,background,storage重点词组amatterof,be/getstuck,betiredof,beaware,allowfor,breakawayfrom,afterall,trialanderror,keeptrackof,now(that)重点句型1.nowthat引导原因状语从句2.Theroominwhich...3.Theonlywayhecouldsolvetheproblemwasbythemethodoftrialanderror.考点识记一、根据所给汉语及词性,写出英语单词1._______adv.不然；否则2._______vt.排斥；丢掉3._______n.试验；审判4._______n.可能（性）；可能的事5._______adj.以前的；先的6._______adj.意识到的；知道的7._______n.小道；轨迹8._______n.飞行员9._______n.背景10._______n.储存；贮藏二、选用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，使句意完整正确allowfor,getstuck,breakawayfrom,beawareof,trialanderror,afterall,keeptrackof,now(that),otherwise,possibility11.I_________whenIspeltawordinacrosswordpuzzle.12.ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIwas_________whatwashappening.13.MrStevens_________hisbusinessbytelephonewhenhewasinthehospital.14.You'dbetterbringmoremoneywithyou.Youshould_________someunexpectedexpenses.15.Itisagoodwaytolearntechnicalskillsby_________.16.Youhavetogonow,_________youwillmissyourflight.17.Yououghttohaveagoodrestyou'vefinishedthework.18.Thereisnothatheliestome.19.Youcan'tabusepets,theyhavefeelingsjustlikehumanbeings.20.Ittakesalotoftimeandenergytobadhabits.三、根据所给汉语意思和提示，完成下列句子21.______(既然你长大了),youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.(nowthat从句)22.________________(就爬山而言),atleastyouneedwearapairofsportsshoes.(aswithdoing)23.Inthiscase______________(他没有别的做法).(otherwise)24.Tosolvethisproblem,we______(不得不解放思想).(thinkoutsidethebox)25.Hishouse,____________(它建造于一百年前),hasbecomeaplaceofinterestnow.(定语从句)Key:1.otherwise2.reject3.trial4.possibility5.previous6.aware7.track8.pilot9.background10.storage11.gotstuck12.awareof13.kepttrackof14.allowfor15.trialanderror16.otherwise17.nowthat18.possibility19.afterall20.breakawayfrom21.Nowthatyouhavegrownup22.Aswithmountain-climbing23.hecan'tdootherwise24.havetothinkoutsidethebox25.whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago点睛讲练考点1.attemptvt.

努力；尝试；试图

n.尝试；试图;企图【典型例句】1.TheyattemptedtofinishthetaskbeforeJuly.他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。2.Hemadeanattemptontheworldrecord.他试图打破世界纪录。3.Herattemptatpoetrywasafailure.她尝试写诗失败了。【用法提示】1.attempttodosth.企图做某事2.attempt+n./pron.试图3.makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.企图做某事【比较辨析】attempt，try，managemanagetodosth.准确的意思是：成功地做到（了）某事，是有明确结果的。managetodosth.=succeedindoingsth.；而trytodosth.指的是努力做某事，trydoingsth.意思是试着做某事。后两者动作能不能“成功”都不太确定。trydoingsth.往往隐含着做某事把握不是很大，还有些犹豫，可能会失败，还要重试的意思。attempttodosth.侧重表示冒险，可能失败等含义。【及时训练】单项填空。1.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe______murderlastnight.A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted2.TomhasbeenpreparingcarefullyfortheEnglishexamination,sothathecanbesureofpassingitathisfirst______.A.requestB.attemptC.promiseD.purpose3.He______breakawayfromthepoliceman,buthefailed.A.triedtoB.managedtoC.triedtoattemptD.managedtoattemptKey:1.C2.B3.A考点2.otherwiseadv.

否则，要不然；另外，别样【典型例句】1.Youshouldgonow,otherwiseyou'llmissthetrain.你现在就要走，否则赶不上火车。2.Heissick,otherwisehewouldbeworking.他有病，不然他应该在工作。3.Therearesomespellingmistakesinthecomposition,butotherwiseitisgoodonthewhole.这篇作文有些拼写错误，别的整体上还好。【用法提示】otherwise作“否则，更不然”解，属句子副词，连接两个句子。【及时训练】根据所给汉语，用otherwise完成下列句子。1.Docomeearliernexttime,_____________(不然你就要受到惩罚).2.Wetwoagreetotheplan,butheseemsto____________(想法不一样).3.Doitnow._____________(不然就不能完成).Key:1.otherwiseyou'llbepunished2.thinkotherwise3.Otherwise,youcan'tfinishit考点3.awareadj.意识到的，觉察到的；有......知

识的；见闻广的；有觉悟的【典型例句】1.Everyonewasawarethattheywereingreatdanger.大家都意识到他们处在很大的危险中。2.Theteachersarepoliticallyaware.老师们有政治觉悟。【用法提示】1.aware作“意识到的，觉察到的，有......知识的；见闻广的”之意，在句中作表语，其搭配有：be/become/growetc./awarethat-clausebeaware(of)how-clausebeawareof+名词/doing+名词/what-clause2.aware作“有觉悟”之意，在句中作定语，如：sb.bepolitically/artistically/environmentallyaware【及时训练】根据所给汉语用aware完成下列句子。1.___________(我很清楚)veryfewjobsareavailable.2.Heisan______________(环境意识强的人).Key:1.I'mawarethat2.environmentallyawareman考点4.trackn.[C]

踪迹；足迹；小道；轨道；跑道；

路线，思路；vt.

追踪，跟踪追赶【典型例句】1.Thehunterfollowedthewolf'stracks.猎人追踪狼的足迹。2.IlosttrackoftimewhenIlistenedtothemusic.听音乐时我忘了时间。3.Thesoldierstrackedtheenemyplanebyradar.战士们通过雷达侦察敌机。【用法提示】1.thetiger's/bear's/wolf's/panda'stracks老虎/熊/狼/熊猫的足迹2.atracktovillage通往村子的小路3.asingle/doubletrack(铁轨)单轨/双轨；runoffthetrack出轨

4.motorracingtrack赛车道；trackevents径赛项目5.track+名词追踪

6.用于成语：followsb.‘s/sth.’strack追踪......足迹coverone'strack隐匿行踪keeptrackof保持联系，时刻了解到losetrackof失去联系onsb.‘strack追踪某人offthetrack偏离本题【及时训练】用track及其短语填空。1.It'sdifficultto________allthenewideasanddevelopmentsinmodernindustry.2.Thehunterfollowed_____________leftbythetiger.3.Iknownothingaboutitbecause___________whatishappening.Key:1.keeptrackof2.thetracks3.Ihavelosttrackof考点5.trialn.[C，U]

试验，试行；考验；审判

adj.

试验性的【典型例句】1.Thetrialsshowedthatsmokingdidgreatharmtopeople.试验显示抽烟对人体害处很大。2.Hewasbroughttotrialonchargeofmurder.他以杀人罪被送往法：审判。3.Thecompanydecidedtotaketheapplicantsforamonthontrial.公司决定对求职者试用一个月。【用法提示】1.acriminal/publictrial刑事审判/公审2.putthemachinetotrial试运行机器3.atrialmatch/flight/marriage预赛/试飞/试婚4.bringsb.totrial将某人付诸审判5.ontrial试验性的6.standthetrial经受考验7.standtrial受审8.bytrialanderror试错法【及时训练】用trial或其短语根据所给汉语完成句子。1.Thepoorboysucceededin__________________(在第三次应考时).2._______________(这件抢劫案审理)lastedtwodays.3.Welearnedtousecomputer________________(通过反复试验).Key:1.theexaminationonhisthirdtrial2.Therobberytrial3.bytrialanderror考点6.rejectvt.

拒绝，抵制，驳回，否决；

去除,丢弃;n.

废品，次品【典型例句】1.Theplanwasrejected.该计划遭到拒绝。2.Theboardrejectedallourideas.董事会拒绝了我们的所有建议。3.Allappleswithsoftspotswererejected.凡是烂了一点点的苹果都被剔除。4.Theprisoner'spleaforpardonwasrejected.该犯人的赦免请求被驳回了。【用法提示】1.rejectanofferofhelp拒绝别人提供的帮助2.rejectanappeal驳回上诉3.rejectsth.舍去【比较辨析】refuse,reject,decline,turndown这几个词都有“拒绝”之意。其区别在于：refuse指坚决、果断、坦率地拒绝，其后接名词，也可接动词不定式；所拒绝的常是invitation,application,offer等或做某事。reject语气比refuse强，指以否定、敌对的态度断然拒绝，所拒绝的常为：idea,proposal,plan等。如果不同意一种意见或信仰，要用reject。decline比较正式，表示礼貌、客气地“婉拒”。当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等“不接受”时，可以用decline来缓和语气。turndown用在非正式场合，尤其是在美国英语中，可与reject替换。【及时训练】用decline，refuse，reject，turndown的适当形式填空。1.I_________totakepartinanythingthatisillegal.2.Thearmydoctors________severalrecruits(新兵)asunfit.3.Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshe__________.4.HeaskedJanetomarryhimbutshe______him________.Key:1.refused2.rejected3.declined4.turned...down考点7.allowfor

考虑,顾及【典型例句】1.Howmuchtimewouldyouallowforthetrip?这次旅行你打算花多少时间？2.Youshouldallowsometimeforthedelayoftraffic.你应当考虑交通耽搁的时间。3.Wemustallowforhisinexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。【用法提示】1.allowfor(vt.)+名词考虑，顾及2.拓展词语：allowdoing允许做......；allow+sb.todo允许某人做......【及时训练】用allowfor，allow的适当形式填空。1.Weshould_______unexpecteddifficulty.2.Wewon't_______smokinghere.3.Nodogs_______inside.4._______inflation,thecostis$2million.Key:1.allowfor2.allow3.areallowed4.Allowingfor考点8.breakawayfrom

摆脱；脱离【典型例句】1.Itisdifficulttobreakawayfromahabit.改掉一种习惯不容易。2.Thethiefbrokeawayfromthepolicemanandranaway.那个贼挣脱开警察逃走了。3.Hebrokeawayfromallhisoldfriends.他与所有的老朋友断绝了关系。【用法提示】1.breakawayfrom+名词（突然）逃走2.breakawayfrom与......脱离；与......断绝关系3.拓展短语：breakdown出故障；分解breakin侵入；打岔breakinto闯入；突然发出breakoff折断；断绝breakout爆发breakthrough突破【及时训练】用break的适当短语填空。1.Nowadaysmanyteenagerswantto_______theirparentsandlivealifefreefrombeingcontrolled.2.Weweresleepingwhenthefire________,andthenitspreadquickly.Key:1.breakawayfrom2.brokeout考点9.afterall

终究；毕竟【典型例句】1.Althoughtheymetwithdifficulties,Ihearthey'vesucceededafterall.尽管遇到了很多困难，我听说他们终究还是成功了。2.Afterall,sheisfifteen;sheisn'tachildanylonger.她毕竟十五岁了，不再是个小孩了。【用法提示】1.afterall作“结果、终究”讲通常置于句尾2.affterall作“毕竟、究竟”讲通常置于句首3.拓展短语：inall总计，共计；allatonce同时；aboveall尤其是，最重要的是【及时训练】用afterall和aboveall短语填空。1.Mathildethoughtitwasadiamondnecklace,butitwasn'tarealone________.2.Whyisn'theallowedtostayhere?,_______itishishome.3.Childrenneedmanythings,but_________theyneedlove.Key:1.afterall2.Afterall3.aboveall考点10.getstuck

被卡在......，被堵......，

遇到困难【典型例句】1.Ialwaysgetstuckinrushhourtraffic.我总是被堵在高峰时间的车流里。2.Theziponmyjackethasgotstuck.我的夹克上的拉链卡住了。3.Shegotstuckwhenshewasmakingaspeech.她演讲时卡壳了。【用法提示】1.getstuck(vi.)(汽车等)堵塞，陷进（in）2.getstuck(？匙等)卡住3.getstuck引申义：困在如：getstuckinthedifficultsituation陷入困境【及时训练】用getstuck的适当形式填空。1.Ifthedishwasherbreaksdownthey_______andwashupbyhand.2.Ifyou_________,uncoveronelinejusttoseehowthey'restarting.3.Helpmepulloutthekey.It________inthelock.Key:1.willgetstuck2.getstuck3.hasgotstuck考点11.keeptrackof

记录；保持联系；

了解......的情况【典型例句】1.SometimesIfinditdifficulttokeeptrackofallmyoldfriends.有时候我觉得要了解所有老朋友的情况很难。2.Heusedtokeeptrackofeverypennyhespent.他从前把花的每一分钱都记录下来。3.ProfessorLialwayskeepstrackofeverystudent'sattendance.李教授总是记录每个学生的出勤情况。【用法提示】keeptrackof(vt.)记录；知道......的消息，某人的行动、作为、想法；密切注意......情况（发展）【及时训练】根据所给汉语，用keeptrackof完成下列句子。1.__________(他喜欢了解)thenewdevelopmentsintheresearch.2.__________(计算机跟踪)thepatient'sprogress.3.Pleaseaskifyou___________(听不懂我讲的话).Key:1.Helikestokeeptrackof2.Thecomputercankeeptrackof3.can'tkeeptrackofwhatI'msaying考点12.Nowthatwearedevelopingnewtechnology

atsuchahighpace,thetruechallengeistofindnewwaysofusingit.

既然我们正高速地发展新技术，真正的挑战在于寻求新的使用途径。【用法提示】nowthat[连]意思是“既然；由于”。引导原因状语从句，在口语中that常省略。【典型例句】1.Nowthatyouaregrownup,youshouldnotdependonyourparents.既然你已经长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。2.Nowthatheiswellagain,hecangoonwithhisEnglishstudy.既然恢复了健康，他就可以继续学习了。【及时训练】根据所给汉语，完成下面的句子。Yououghttohaveagoodrest,___________(既然已完成了工作).(nowthat)Key:nowthatyou'vefinishedthework链接高考难句点化【高考原句】1.Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon'tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives'tales.(09陕西卷)【点化分析】该句中eventhough引导的是一个让步状语从句，其中sciencecantellus后有一个宾语从句thatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon'tholdwater，主句为thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives'tales。词组holdwater是固定短语，意思是“经得起考验的；合乎逻辑的”。【句意理解】尽管科学告诉我们一些传统想法是经不住考验的，但是在老妇人的故事里还是有许多真理的。【点化分析】该句为一个“Itis+被强调部分+that”构成的强调句，可还原为Weareseeingthemostinterestinginventionsinthefieldoffoldingbikes.【句意理解】第二，正是在折叠自行车这一领域中我们可以看到最为有趣的发明。【冲浪尝试】试将下列句子的汉语意思写出来。1.Eventhoughheearnsalothecannotdriveacar,takeoutamortgage（抵押贷款）,orgetcreditcards.(09全国卷I)【参考句意】即使他挣很多钱，但他还是不能开车、办理抵押贷款和办理信用卡。2.It'sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.(09陕西卷)【参考句意】正是这种民族优越感才导致了国际贸易的失败。助写金手说明文——图表解说类（一）【经典试题】（2007广东卷）上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2,600名学生中进行了一次调查(survey)。以下是调查数据：偶像(idol)女生男生伟人18%18%父母25%11%影视明星50%14%体育明星6%48%没有偶像1%9%[写作内容]根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：1.调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；3.“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；4.男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；5.你的偶像及理由。[写作要求]1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【写作实践】1.审题定向本文是说明文，属图表解说类。写作时首先点明主题，然后对图表中的数字通过对比进行介绍。最后阐明作者观点。2.构思要点本文写作时应包含如下要点：doasurvey调查;choosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols选择影视明星作为偶像;favorsportsstars偏爱体育明星;ranksecond排列第二;thesameas和......同样。3.表述成句文章的基本内容应该包含如下句子：Lastweek,wedidasurvey.HalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols.48%oftheboysfavorsportsstars.“Parents”ranksthesecondforthegirls,butthefourthfortheboys.Thepercentageoftheboyschoosing“greatfigures”isthesameasthepercentageofthegirls.ThomasEdisonismyidol,becausehisinventionshavegreatlychangedourlife.4.润色提升根据题目要求只能用5句话来表达，所以我们首先必须运用语法结构手段合并句子。然后可在HalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols和48豫oftheboysfavorsportsstars之间加上表示对照的连词以使语言更生动；在文中加上as...shows,however,asformyself等过渡词语，使文章更流畅；将Thepercentageoftheboyschoosing“greatfigures”isthesameasthepercentageofthegirls这一句中后面的thepercentage用替代词that代替使语言更加简洁。【范文欣赏】Lastweek,wedidasurveyamong2,600studentson“WhoIsYourIdol”.ThesurveyshowsthathalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols,while48豫oftheboysfavorsportsstars.Asthedatashows,“parents”rankssecondforthegirls,butthefourthfortheboys.However.thepercentageoftheboyschoosing“greatfigures”isthesameasthatofthegirls.Asformyself,ThomasEdisonismyidol,becausehisinventionshavegreatlychangedourlife.语法考点反意疑问句【考点概述】反意疑问句分简单句的反意疑问句、复合句的反意疑问句和特殊的反意疑问句三种。反意疑问句是对前面部分进行陈述后，用一反问的句子以引起对方注意。历年高考对此均有所考查。【真题体验】1.（06，广东卷）Sarahhadherwashingmachinerepairedthedaybeforeyesterday,______she?A.hadB.didC.hadn'tD.didn't2.(09上海卷，30)Sally'sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,______?A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe3.（04，上海卷）Bill'saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,______?A.isn'titB.isitC.isn'theD.ishe4.(09辽宁卷，34)It'sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,_____?A.isn'theB.hasn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit5.（07，北京卷）Whenyou'vefinishedwiththatbook,don'tforgettoputitbackontheshelf,______?A.doyouB.don'tyouC.willyouD.won'tyou6.（06，全国卷）Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,______?A.doyouB.canweC.willyouD.shallwe7.（09陕西卷，16）Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,______?A.isheB.isn'theC.mustheD.mustn'the8.（06，上海卷）Briantoldyouthattherewasn'tanyoneintheroomatthattime,______?A.wasthereB.wasn'tthereC.didn'theD.didhe9.（06，福建卷）I'msureyou'drathershewenttoschoolbybus,___?A.hadn'tyouB.wouldn'tyouC.aren'tID.didn'tshe10.（09湖南卷，32）YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,______?A.couldyouB.couldn'tIC.couldn'tweD.couldweKey:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D【考点扫描】考点一：反意疑问句的一般构成反意疑问句是附加在陈述句后面的一种简短的问句，又叫疑问尾句或者附加疑问句。它与陈述句之间用逗号隔开，且反意疑问句的主语总是使用代词，这个代词与前面陈述句中的主语要保持一致。一般情况下，肯定的陈述句后跟否定的反意疑问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的反意疑问句。问句的构成要根据前面的句子而使用be、do（有人称、数和时态的变化）等助动词和情态动词的简略式来构成。例如：真题1，答案为D；真题2，Sally'sneverseen=Sallyhasneverseen，答案为B；真题3，答案为A；真题4，通常情况下，反意问句根据主句变化，故答案为C。考点二：祈使句的反意疑问句在“祈使句+疑问部分”构成的反意疑问句中，疑问部分通常用willyou,wouldyou,won'tyou，有时也用canyou,can'tyou,couldyou等，但不能用do。即使祈使句中有助动词do时也是这样。在含有let's的祈使句后的疑问部分用shallwe；是letus时，用willyou；let的宾语是me时要根据语意用willyou或shallI；let的宾语是第三人称时用willyou。例如：真题5，答案为C；真题6，答案为C。考点三：含有情态动词must的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，疑问部分要根据must的意思不同而有所变化。如果must表示“必须”或“有必要”时，疑问部分用needn't，如果陈述部分用mustn't表示禁止时，疑问部分一般用must，例如：Youmustgothere,needn'tyou?Youmustn'tsmokehere,mustyou?如果must表示“一定”等推测意义时，则疑问部分不用must，而要根据must后面的动词结构及含义使用相应的动词时态。例如：真题7，答案为B。又如：Youmustbetired,aren'tyou?Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn'tyou?考点四：含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有宾语从句，疑问部分的主语应该和主句的主语保持一致。例如：真题8，答案为C；但是在Ithink,Ibelieve,Isuppose,Iexpect,Iimagine，I'msure等结构中，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。例如：真题9，答案为B。又如：Idon'tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?考点五：几种特殊的反意疑问句。1.陈述部分含有usedto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可，例如：Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn't/didn'tyou?2.陈述句部分含有oughtto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。例如：Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn't/shouldn'the?3.否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定或半否定词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。真题10，答案为D。又如：Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?4.如果陈述部分含有表示由“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般仍用否定式。例如：Johndislikesswimming,doesn'the?It'sunfair,isn'tit?5.下列句式常在口语中出现1）Haveacupoftea,won'tyou?2）——Youmustdoasyouaretold.——Oh,Imust,mustI?3）——Iwon'tletyoudoit!——Youwon't,won'tyou?【考点训练】一、单项填空1.（09辽宁卷，34）It'sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,_____?A.isn'theB.hasn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit2.Idon'tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_____?A.doIB.don'tIC.willtheyD.won'tthey3.——YoumustdoasItellyou.——Oh,Imust,_____?A.shouldIB.oughtIC.mustn'tID.mustI4.Itiscoldintheroom.Youmusthaveturnedoffthesteam,_____you?A.don'tB.didn'tC.haven'tD.mustn't5.Letustakecareofthehousewhileyouareaway,_____?A.shan'tweB.shallweC.willyouD.don'tyou6.Thereislittlewecandoaboutit,_____?A.isthereB.isn'tthereC.canweD.can'twe7.NeitheryounorIhavedonesuchasillything,_____?A.haveweB.haveIC.haveyouD.haven'tthey8.Tomdisagreeswithwhatyou'vesaid,_____?A.haveyouB.haven'tyouC.doesheD.doesn'the9.Youmustgothere，_____?A.mustn'tyouB.needn'tyouC.mustyouD.needyou10.Youmustbehungrynow，_____?A.mustn'tyouB.mustyouC.needn'tyouD.aren'tyou11.Hecouldhardlyseeanythi