lesson+9(国际商务英语-重庆科创职业学院)

InternationalbusinessEnglishLesson9ModesofTradeLearningObjectives了解各种不同贸易方式熟悉对销贸易的起源与发展当今对销贸易的三种形式对销贸易的好处与缺陷

LanguageFocusOriginanddevelopmentofcountertrade

Currentcountertrade

A.barter

B.counterpurchase

C.buyback

D.featurescommontothethreeformsofcountertrade

LanguageFocusMajoradvantagesofcountertrade

A.helpingtodealwithforeignexchangeshortage

B.promotingexport

C.reducinguncertaintyregardingexportreceipts

D.bypassinginternationalpriceagreement

E.helpingcountrieswithdebtproblemstoimportgoods

Thedrawbacksofcountertrade

questionsPara.2Whatiscountertrade?Whyhasitattractedsomuchattention?

CounterTradeCountertrade对销贸易

isthegenericterm

todescribeasetofcross-bordercontractsthatlinkaseller’sexportstoimportsfromthebuyer,anditisoftenassociatedwithpolicyobjectivesofrelevanteconomieslikedealingwithforeignexchangeshortagesandpromotionofexports.

questionsPara.3Howdidcountertradeoriginate?Andwhatwasthenatureofearlycountertrade?WhyshouldBritainusebilateralclearingarrangementsafterWorldWarII?questionsHowdidcountertradeoriginate?Andwhatwasthenatureofearlycountertrade?FollowingGermanhyperinflation,competitivedevaluationsandprotectionismmeantaglobalcollapseintradeandininternationalfinancialandbankingmarkets,thenthecountertradeoriginate.ThenatureofearlycountertradeiscountertradepartnersarenecessarilyfamiliarpartnersandgoodsexchangedaresometimesverticallyrelatedquestionsWhenshouldBritainusebilateralclearingarrangementsafterWorldWarII?DuringandafterWorldWarII,whenfinancialmarketswereindisarray,BritainusedbilateralarrangementsquestionsPara.4Whatarethemainfeaturesofthecurrentcountertrade?Canyousummarizethecategoriesbrieflyundercurrentcountertrade?Currentcountertradepartnersarenotnecessarilyfamiliarpartnersandgoodsexchangedaresometimesverticallyrelated.Currentcountertradecanbecategorizedasfollows:Barter,Counterpurchase,Buyback.Para.5-7currentcountertrade:Barter易货贸易：Thedirectexchangeofgoodsandserviceswhichiscompletedinashortperiodoftime.

Counterpurchase互购贸易

:Theassumptionbyanexporter(ofatransferableobligation)throughseparatebutlinkedcontracttoacceptasfullorpartialpayment(goodsandservicesfromtheimporterorimportingcountry).Inessence,counterpurchaseisanintertemporaldirectexchangeofgoodsandservices.Buyback回购贸易:AnagreementbyanexporterofplantandequipmenttotakebackinthefuturepartoftheoutputproducedbythesegoodsasfullorpartialpaymentPara.7Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweencounterpurchaseandbuyback?A:

Theimportantdifferencebetweencounterpurchaseandbuybackisthatinbuybackthegoodsandservicestakenbackaretiedtotheoriginalgoodsexportedwhereasthatisnotthecaseincounterpurchase.Anotherimportantdifferenceisthatabuybackdealusuallystretchesoveralongerperiodoftime(aslongas15to20years)thanacounterpurchasedeal.Para.8Thefeaturescommontothethreeformsofcountertradeisbundling:theexchangesofgoodsandservicesarebundledtogether(theexchangesareimplementedeitherconcurrentlyorintertemporally)BusinessKnowledgeItcanbesaidtogenerallytakeplacebetweenmaturemarketeconomiesandeconomieswithalesssophisticatedmarketsystem.Theadvantagesofcountertrade

are:Ithelpsacountrytodealwithforeignexchangeshortages.Itcanbeusedtopromoteexports.Itcanbeusedtoreduceuncertaintyregardingexportreceipts.Itisusedtobypassaninternationalpriceagreement.Itmayhelpthosenation,withseriousdebtproblemstocontinuetoimportgoodswhile,ineffect,concealingexportearningsfromcreditors.However,countertradecanbeveryriskybusiness.BusinessKnowledgeThedisadvantagesofcountertradeare.Firstly,byconcealingtherealpricesandcostsoftransactionsitmayconcealandhelpperpetuateeconomicinefficienciesinthemarketplace.Secondly,companiesmaysufferlossesbecausetheycouldnotgetridofproductsofpoorquality.Finally,itmaybeconsideredasaformofprotectionism.Tradetermhyperinflation极度通货膨胀:inflationataextremelyhighratecross-bordercontract跨国界合同:tectionism贸易保护主义:theadvocacy,system,ortheoryofprotectingdomesticproducersbyimpedingorlimiting,asbytariffsorquotas,theimportationofforeigngoodsandservices.Tradetermfinancialmarket金融市场moneymarket货币市场discountmarket贴现市场capitalmarket/securitiesmarketorstockexchange有价证券或证券交易所foreignexchangemarket外汇市场goldmarket黄金市场.clearingsystem票据交换制度，清算制度:anarrangementamonggovernments,inwhichsalesandpurchasesareregisteredwiththeclearinghouseforsettlementattheendoftheaccountingperiodbyoffsettingclaimsagainstoneanother.Tradetermnetpositions净头寸，实际头寸tradecreditaccount贸易信贷往来账户vertical纵向联合的，垂直合并的包括从生产到销售全部过程的relatingtoorinvolvingallstagesfromproductiontosale.verticalintegration:包括从生产到销售各个阶段的纵向联合Tradetermcompetitivedevaluation竞争性贬值:itreferstothepracticebyagovernmentofsellingitsnationalmoneybelowitsrealvaluesoastomakedomesticproductsappearcheapertofor